Types Of Skin Tumors Research Articles

Solitary cutaneous neoplasms: analysing the uncertain behaviour with the aid of histopathology

BACKGROUND: Skin tumours can be classified as either benign or malignant, resulting due to the proliferation of one or more components of the skin. Reportedly, there has been a rise in the prevalence of skin cancer in recent decades, which has led to rely on histological evidence to distinguish between various types of skin cancer. AIM: This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the occurrence, symptoms, unpredictable nature, and range of histopathological spectrum in different types of skin tumours. METHODS: This prospective research was conducted in the outpatient department of the Department of Dermatology at the Government General Hospital in Anantapur from July 2019 to July 2023. Patients who did not provide informed consent, those with infectious or cystic swellings, or those with multiple lesions were excluded from this study. Histopathological confirmation is obtained from all excisional biopsies of single cutaneous swellings, and tumours are classified based on the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: The study included a total of 123 individual cutaneous tumours, with 98 cases (79.67%) being classified as benign and 25 cases (20.32%) classified as malignant. The age group most affected is adults between the ages of 26 and 44, with a prevalence rate of 31.7%. Following closely behind are middle-aged individuals, with a prevalence rate of 30.08%. The males constitute 46.34% (57 cases) and the females constitutes 53.65% (66 cases). The extremities were the most frequently affected site, accounting for 53 cases (43.08%), followed by the head and neck region (29.26%). Based on the WHO classification of skin tumours, there were 42 cases (34.14%) of subcutaneous tissue tumours and 31 cases (25.20%) of soft tissue tumours. The prevalence of keratinocyte tumours is 26 (21.13%), whereas appendageal tumours account for 16 (13%) of cases. Melanocytic and neural tumours are the least prevalent, each representing 4 (3.25%) of cases. The majority of benign tumours arise from the subcutaneous tissues, whereas malignant tumours grow from keratinocytic differentiation. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the majority of tumours displayed ambiguous clinical behaviour, which resulted in erroneous diagnoses. Hence confirmation by histopathology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prompt management.

Keratoacanthoma

ABSTRACTKeratoacanthomas (KAs) are a type of skin tumor that rapidly grow (Bosch-Amate et al., 2022). A form of KAs was first identified in 1889 (Jeon et al., 2011). These types of lesions can be challenging to differentiate from cutaneous squamous cell skin carcinoma both through histopathology and clinically (Higgins et al., 2015; Ko et al., 2012; Mei et al., 2022). Adding to the complexity, there are no current evidence-based guidelines for treatment of KAs. Although KAs can be self-resolving, the persistence and growth of the KA is unpredictable (Bettoli et al., 2023; Ko et al., 2012). Treatment of KAs with surgical excision or Mohs are typically considered first line due to the possibility of misdiagnosis and invasion into local tissue (Ambur et al., 2022). Dependent upon the location and size of the KA, comorbidities, patient preference, and other considerations, surgical treatment may not be the most ideal treatment (Kiss et al., 2019). There are many nonsurgical options including intralesional injections of methotrexate, fluorouracil, corticosteroid, bleomycin, or interferon alpha (Kiss et al., 2019). Ionizing radiation, systemic agents, destructive therapy, topical imiquimod, and topical fluorouracil are also possibilities for treatment of KAs (Ambur et al., 2022). Even though conditions of KAs were first identified over 100 years ago, more research is needed to be able to accurately diagnose and appropriately treat KAs (Tisack et al., 2021).

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Sebaceous Adenoma and Epithelioma in Dogs.

Sebaceous gland tumors are neoplasms originating from the sebaceous gland and are the third most common type of skin tumor, accounting for 21-35% of all cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. According to their histopathological characteristics, sebaceous gland tumors can be classified into adenoma as a benign tumor and epithelioma as a malignant tumor. Sebaceous epithelioma is distinguished from sebaceous adenoma by containing 90% or more reserve cells. However, this simple numerical criterion is insufficient to histologically distinguish between epitheliomas and adenomas. In addition, sebaceoma in humans, a similar tumor to sebaceous epithelioma, is a term used for tumors with more than 50% of reserve cells, unlike epithelioma. Therefore, we aimed to compare and characterize the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of comprehensive sebaceous adenoma, epithelioma, and borderline tumors that have more than 50% but less than 90% of reserve cells. A total of 14 canine sebaceous tumors were diagnosed as seven adenomas, four borderline tumors, and three epitheliomas. Histologically, the sebaceous adenomas showed nodules consisting of mature sebocytes surrounded by monolayer basaloid cells. In contrast, the portion of the reserve cells was increased, the portion of lipidized cells was decreased, and the majority of lipidized cells were found to be immature in sebaceous epithelioma. In the sebaceous adenomas, necrosis was not observed and mitotic figures were rarely seen. However, necrosis and mitotic figures were highly frequent in both borderline tumor and sebaceous epithelioma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that borderline tumor and sebaceous epithelioma showed significantly higher expression against Ki-67 than sebaceous adenoma. We conclude that it is more accurate to employ the cut-off value of 50% reserve cells in humans rather than the current 90% reserve cells for classifying sebaceous gland tumors in dogs, thereby providing new insight into the characterization of the sebaceous gland tumors.

Expression of Early Growth Response 3 in Skin Cancers.

To assess the expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in normal skin and different types of skin tumors: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma (MM), and cutaneous adnexal tumors containing sebaceous carcinoma (SC), trichoepithelioma (TE) and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH). EGR3, expressed in multiple organs, including skin, plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Previous studies have shown that EGR3 suppresses tumor growth and is downregulated in various malignancies. However, its distribution in normal skin and its expression especially in skin tumors have not been studied. Samples of normal cases (n = 4), cSCC (n = 12), BCC (n = 12), MM (n = 12), SC (n = 4), TE (n = 4), and CCH (n = 4) were collected from patients treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of EGR3. The results were analyzed with the description of the staining pattern and the histochemical score. Immunohistochemical staining showed that EGR3 was uniquely expressed in normal skin in the granular layer and upper part of the stratum spinosum, as well as in sebaceous glands and hair follicles, but not in sweat glands. In skin cancers, BCC, SC, and TE showed positive EGR3 staining, whereas cSCC, MM, and CCH were negative. EGR3 has a specific expression pattern in normal skin and in skin tumors, which is important for the differential diagnosis of skin tumors, in particular for cSCC and sebaceous gland carcinoma.

Maintaining Functionality in Temporal Skin Tumor Surgery: A Focus on Nerve Injury and Excision Margins.

Operating on temporal cutaneous tumors is challenging because of the intricate facial nerve system, particularly the frontal branches, and the possibility of brow dysfunction. Surgery for deep margin clearance is difficult because of the fragile and sensitive soft tissue in the temporal region. To address this research gap, this study assessed clearance margins, types of skin tumors, and nerve injuries in this critical anatomical position. This retrospective study assessed temporal skin cancer surgery, malignancy types, and clearance margins in patients with frontal-branch facial nerve injuries. Forty-five patients with temporal skin carcinoma biopsies were analyzed. The deep and peripheral excision margins of skin malignancies were examined. Medical records were reviewed for clinically injured frontal nerve. Thirty-four patients were men (75%), and basal cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histological malignancy, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 77.8 years (39-107 years). Two patients experienced damage to the frontal branch nerve. Twenty-six percent of the skin malignancies had inadequate deep margin excision. Removing temporal skin lesions is difficult. We discovered a 26% and 4% probability of inadequate deep margin excision and frontal branch facial nerve injury, respectively. Temporal skin lesions must be removed safely by surgeons to preserve the branches of the facial nerves. Insufficiently removed tumors require multidisciplinary teamwork and patient discussions regarding the advantages and risks to improve results.

Incidence and Morphological Variations of Skin Tumors in Benghazi

Skin is the largest, most complicated organ in the body and it covers the body's entire external surface, that’s why skin diseases are one of the most difficult ailments to adjust to because of its ugliness and related problems. 10-20% of patients seeking medical guidance have skin diseases or complaints, skin conditions are prevalent across all parts of the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of different skin histopathological benign tumors and their variations according to age, sex, clinical presentation, and site, and make comparisons with other studies. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 until February 2020, and this study included all cases with histological diagnosis of various skin tumors. Approval to handle all specimens for scientific research has been assured by the high graduate and university ethics committee. Out of 124 cases, the prevalence of benign tumors was the most common skin disease (79.83%), while malignant skin tumors were the least common skin diseases in this study (20.16%). However, the peak age group in benign skin tumors is 41-60 years, and in malignant skin tumors peak age is 61-80 years. We concluded that there was a significant relation between age, gender, clinical presentation, and site with different types of skin tumors, so histopathology is the most valuable means of diagnosis of skin diseases and a good guide for proper management.

Modelling of Whale Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning for Skin Cancer Diagnosis on Dermoscopic Images

Skin cancer diagnoses through the analysis of dermoscopy images have undergone a revolutionary change with the incorporation of advanced Machine Learning (ML) approaches. By using contemporary models such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Learning (DL) structures, this technique allows automated and accurate detection of malignant and benign skin tumours. This model learns intricate patterns and features directly from the image, which allows them to distinguish between different types of skin tumours based on colour, texture, and structural characteristics. This manuscript presents the Whale Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning for Skin Cancer Diagnoses on Dermoscopy Images (WOADL-SCDDI) technique. The objective of the WOADL-SCDDI method is to analyze the Dermoscopic images for classifying and recognizing skin tumours. In the proposed WOADL-SCDDI technique, median filtering-based preprocessing and SegNet-based segmentation are involved. In addition, the WOADL-SCDDI technique offers a ResNet50 model for feature extraction with WOA-based hyperparameter tuning. Finally, Quasi Recurrent Neural Network (QRNN) model can be applied for skin tumour recognition and classification process. A comprehensive set of simulations have been conducted to highlight the better efficiency of the WOADL-SCDDI technique. The accomplished outcomes portrayed the improvements of the WOADL-SCDDI method compared to existing DL models.

Increased Occurrence of Cutaneous Leiomyomas and Dermatofibromas in Patients with Uterine Leiomyomas without Fumarate Hydratase Gene Mutations.

Leiomyomas are smooth muscle-derived benign neoplasms that can affect all organs, most frequently in the uterus. Fumarate hydratase gene (FH) mutation is characterised by an autosomal dominant disease with increased occurrence of renal tumours, but also by cutaneous (CLs) and uterine leiomyomas (ULs). So far, an increased occurrence of skin tumours in non-mutated patients with ULs has not been verified. To this aim, a case-group of women who were FH non-mutated patients surgically treated for ULs (n = 34) was compared with a control-group (n = 37) of consecutive age-matched healthy women. The occurrence of skin neoplasms, including CLs and dermatofibromas (DFs), was evaluated. Moreover, the microscopic features of FH non-mutated skin tumours were compared with those of an age-matched population group (n = 70) who presented, in their clinical history, only one type of skin tumour and no ULs. Immunohistochemical and in vitro studies analysed TGFβ and vitamin D receptor expression. FH non-mutated patients with ULs displayed a higher occurrence of CLs and DFs (p < 0.03 and p < 0.001), but not of other types of skin tumours. Immunohistochemistry revealed a lower vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in CLs and DFs from the ULs group compared with those from the population group (p < 0.01), but a similar distribution of TGFβ-receptors and SMAD3. In vitro studies documented that TGFβ-1 treatment and vitamin D3 have opposite effects on α-SMA, TGFβR2 and VDR expression on dermal fibroblast and leiomyoma cell cultures. This unreported increased occurrence of CLs and DFs in FH non-mutated patients with symptomatic ULs with vitamin D deficiency suggests a potential pathogenetic role of vitamin D bioavailability also for CLs and DFs.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF SKIN: A STUDY OF 71 CASES AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Introduction: The skin is the largest organ of the body. Skin tumors encompass a wide spectrum and belong to a diverse group of neoplasm rendering the classication difcult. The aim of our study was to study hist Aim: opathological types of skin tumors and distribution of skin tumors according to WHO classication The present study was a prospective &amp;ret Materials and methods: rospective study of skin tumours from January 2016 – April2019 at Department of Pathology, Government Medical College,Surat . The study included all histopathologically conrmed cases of skin tumors. Out of 71 skin tumours, 34 were benign,5 were borderline and 32were malignant. T Results: hus benign tumours were more common than malignant tumours with benign to malignant ratio of 2.05:1. Keratinocytic tumours were highest 25 cases (62%) followed by Melanocytic tumours 18 cases (18.18%). Benign tumours were common in younger age group whereas malignant tumors showed an ascending trend in age. Both benign and malignant tumours of skin were common in males than females Hi Conclusion: stopathological evaluation of skin biopsy is an important tool in diagnosis of skin neoplasms. Intradermal nevus and basal cell carcinoma was the most common benign and malignant neoplasm respectively. Malignant neoplasms were more common in older patients.

EphA3 targeted by miR-3666 contributes to melanoma malignancy via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.

Melanoma is a rare, fatal type of skin tumor. Although EPH receptor A3 (EphA3) is deregulated in melanoma, its detailed role remained uncharacterized. Using real time quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting, EphA3 was identified to be upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, while miR-3666 showed an opposite expression trend. Cell counting kit-8, scratch wound, and in vivo assays proved that EphA3 silence inhibited the melanoma cell proliferation and migration and retarded tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, western blotting results displayed that EphA3 silence resulted in a low expression of p38-MAPK and p-ERK1/2. Mechanically, miR-3666 was proved to target EphA3 3'UTR by the luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, miR-3666 mimic compromised the driven melanoma cell proliferation and migration by EphA3 overexpression. In addition, induction of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways offset the positive effect of EphA3 overexpression on melanoma cells. In conclusion, miR-3666 downregulated EphA3 expression and retarded melanoma malignancy via inactivating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways. Hence, miR-3666/EphA3 axis may represent a druggable target against melanoma progression.

UVA Radiation, DNA Damage, and Melanoma.

Melanoma is a lethal type of skin tumor that has been linked with sunlight exposure chiefly in fair-skinned human populations. Wavelengths from the sun that can reach the earth’s surface include UVA radiation (320–400 nm) and UVB radiation (280–320 nm). UVB effectively induces the formation of dimeric DNA photoproducts, preferentially the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). The characteristic UVB signature mutations in the form of C to T mutations at dipyrimidine sequences are prevalent in melanoma tumor genomes and have been ascribed to deamination of cytosines within CPDs before DNA polymerase bypass. However, evidence from epidemiological, animal, and other experimental studies also suggest that UVA radiation may participate in melanoma formation. The DNA damage relevant for UVA includes specific types of CPDs at TT sequences and perhaps oxidative DNA damage to guanine, both induced by direct or indirect, photosensitization-mediated chemical and biophysical processes. We summarize the evidence for a potential role of UVA in melanoma and discuss some of the mechanistic pathways of how UVA may induce mutagenesis in melanocytes.

KLF10 upregulates ACSM3 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit the malignant progression of melanoma.

Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer caused by mutations in the DNA of melanocytes. Melanoma is relatively rare compared with other types of skin tumors, but has a highly aggressive biological behavior and consequently, a poorer prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) and acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase 3 (ACSM3) in melanoma progression. KLF10 expression in melanoma tissues was predicted using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). KLF10 expression in healthy and melanoma cells was also detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell transfection was performed to overexpress KLF10 or silence ACSM3. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell and TUNEL assays, respectively. The activity of the ACSM3 promoter was detected using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the relationship between KLF10 and ACSM3 was detected using the GEPIA database and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The results demonstrated that KLF10 expression was significantly downregulated in melanoma cells, especially in A375 cells. Compared with the Ov-NC group, KLF10 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of melanoma cells and promoted their apoptosis. Similar to KLF10, ACSM3 was also downregulated in A375 cells compared with that in the HEM group, and the GEPIA database analysis and ChIP assay results demonstrated that KLF10 expression was positively associated with ACSM3 expression. Furthermore, silencing ACSM3 significantly reversed the effect of KLF10 overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and ACSM3 knockdown increased the levels of phosphorylated (p)-PI3K and p-Akt compared with the levels in the Ov-KLF10 + sh-NC group. Overall, the present study suggested that KLF10 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of melanoma cells by targeting ACSM3 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Intradermal nevus of the external auditory canal.

Melanocytic nevus is a benign melanocytic neoplasm and the most common type of skin tumor. Melanocytic nevus in the external auditory canal (EAC) is rare. Surgical excision and pathologic confirmation should be considered in large lesions, which could occlude the EAC, or atypical lesions that are suspicious for malignancy.

Liquid Biopsy and Dielectrophoretic Analysis—Complementary Methods in Skin Cancer Monitoring

The incidence and prevalence of skin cancers is currently increasing worldwide, with early detection, adequate treatment, and prevention of recurrences being topics of great interest for researchers nowadays. Although tumor biopsy remains the gold standard of diagnosis, this technique cannot be performed in a significant proportion of cases, so that the use of alternative methods with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming increasingly desirable. In this context, liquid biopsy appears to be a feasible solution for the study of cellular and molecular markers relevant to different types of skin cancers. Circulating tumor cells are just one of the components of interest obtained from performing liquid biopsy, and their study by complementary methods, such as dielectrophoresis, could bring additional benefits in terms of characterizing skin tumors and subsequently applying personalized therapy. One purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility of liquid biopsy primarily in monitoring the most common types of skin tumors: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malign melanoma. In addition, the originality of the article is based on the detailed presentation of the dielectrophoretic analysis method of the most important elements obtained from liquid biopsy, with direct impact on the clinical and therapeutic approach of skin tumors.

Kaposi's sarcoma in an Ankylosing Spondylitis patient treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Anti-TNF-α) Therapy

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are immunosuppressive agents used in a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease associated with the human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). We present a 46-year-old male patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with TNF-α inhibitor and developed KS during follow-up. The coexistence of anti-TNF-α treatment with KS is a rare condition. This case is presented to address this rare association. Therefore, keeping in mind KS, which is a type of skin tumor, in such HIV-negative patients in whom immunosuppressive agents are initiated, is essential in terms of early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complications.

Incomplete excision of basal cell carcinoma and its associated risk factors

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin tumor. Surgical removal has remained the gold standard of treatment for BCC, but incomplete removal is an important clinical challenge. The goal of our study was to evaluate the incomplete excision of BCC and the factors affecting it. Methods: In this retrospective study, 361 histological samples of BCC excisions referred to the Pathology Department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed. Data including age, gender, tumor site, size, histopathologic subtype, surgical margin involvement, and the surgeon’s specialty were recorded. Results: The incomplete removal rate was 20%. Ten percent of the lesions had deep margin involvement, 5.8% had lateral margin involvement, and both margins were involved in 4.2% of cases. Incomplete excision had a significant relationship with the following variables: nodular, mixed, and sclerosing types; the 60-70 years age group; lesions larger than 2 cm, location in nose and canthi; and excision by an otorhinolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, or dermatologist. Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of incomplete excision was relatively high compared with other studies. Therefore, it is suggested to perform a diagnostic biopsy before the complete excision of BCC. Excision with a wider margin or using Mohs surgery is recommended for midface lesions, older individuals, nodular, mixed, or sclerosing lesions, and for tumors larger than 2 cm.

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Automatic Classification for Skin Tumour Images

Abstract The skin, uniquely positioned at the interface between the human body and the external world, plays a multifaceted immunologic role in human life. In medical practice, early accurate detection of all types of skin tumours is essential to guide appropriate management and improve patients’ survival. The most important issue is to differentiate between malignant skin tumours and benign lesions. The aim of this research is the classification of skin tumours by analysing medical skin tumour dermoscopy images. This paper is focused on a new strategy based on deep convolutional neural networks which have recently shown a state-of-the-art performance to define strategy to automatic classification for skin tumour images. The proposed system is tested on well-known HAM10000 data set. For experimental results, verification is performed and the results are compared with similar researches.

Circular RNA circ_0079593 enhances malignant melanoma progression by the regulation of the miR-573/ABHD2 axis

BackgroundMalignant melanoma is the most fatal type of skin tumor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the malignant progression of melanoma. ObjectiveThe main purpose of this paper was to identify the precise parts of circ_0079593 in the malignant progression of melanoma. MethodsThe levels of circ_0079593, miR-573 and abhydrolase domain containing 2 (ABHD2) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Targeted correlations among circ_0079593, miR-573 and ABHD2 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. Animal studies were performed to assess the role of circ_0079593 in vivo. ResultsOur data showed that circ_0079593 level was up-regulated in melanoma tissues and cells. The knockdown of circ_0079593 suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and enhanced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0079593 directly targeted miR-573, and circ_0079593 controlled ABHD2 expression by miR-573. MiR-573 mediated the regulation of circ_0079593 on melanoma cell progression in vitro. Moreover, ABHD2 was a functional target of miR-573 in regulating melanoma cell progression in vitro. ConclusionOur findings identified that the knockdown of circ_0079593 suppressed melanoma progression at least partially through targeting the miR-573/ABHD2 axis, providing evidence for developing circ_0079593 as a promising therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.

Epidemiology, index of accuracy, histological structure, year-by-year lethality and survival of patients with malignant melanoma. Population study – part I

Malignant melanoma of the skin (MMS) is one of the many types of skin tumors that consists of three layers – the epidermis, dermis and hypoderma. MMS develops from melanocyte cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis and producing the pigment melanin. The melanocyte is a dangerous and vindictive cell, it remembers all sunburns and accumulates them. It is the melanin that gives the skin a brown hue as a result of insolation. It also determines the skin color of African-Americans. Birthmarks are also examples of a cluster of melanocytes.&#x0D; In the structure of cancer incidence in economically developed countries, MMS occupies a fairly modest place, but over the past 30 – 40 years, there has been an unfavorable trend.&#x0D; In Russia, MMS is not even among the top ten main localities of malignant tumors, its even smaller share in the overall structure of malignant tumors in Russia was in the 80s of the XX century. Until 1982, state reporting did not provide a set of data on the MMS in the USSR and in Russia, including. At our suggestion, in 1982, the Ministry of health of the USSR decided to allocate a separate line in the state reporting for malignant tumors.&#x0D; In this study, along with assessing the prevalence of MMS in the world and Russia, we focused on the in-depth development of materials for the North-Western Federal district, mainly based on data from the established population cancer registry (PCR).&#x0D; For many years, the analysis of cancer incidence and survival of patients with malignant tumors was carried out by us on the basis of the PCR of St. Petersburg. In February 2019, the first cancer registry at the Federal district level appeared in Russia – PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation. As of 01.02.2019, the PCR of the NWFD of the Russian Federation had more than 1 million cases of malignant tumors (1,067,661), including more than 20,000 (21,428) with MMS (2.0%). The PI on the Federal district level allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of localization and histological structure of malignant tumors fourth sign of ICD–10 to study the characteristics of prevalence and survival of patients malignant tumors in any part of the localization structures (lips, ear, trunk, upper and lower extremities, etc.) that cannot be done on the basis of public reporting, and provide analysis of survival of patients of any localization.

Diagnostic capacity of skin tumor artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making software in real-world clinical settings.

BackgroundYouzhi artificial intelligence (AI) software is the AI-assisted decision-making system for diagnosing skin tumors. The high diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software was previously validated in specific datasets. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of diagnostic capacity between Youzhi AI software and dermatologists in real-world clinical settings.MethodsA total of 106 patients who underwent skin tumor resection in the Dermatology Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 and were confirmed as skin tumors by pathological biopsy were selected. Dermoscopy and clinical images of 106 patients were diagnosed by Youzhi AI software and dermatologists at different dermoscopy diagnostic levels. The primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Youzhi AI software with that of dermatologists and that measured in the laboratory using specific data sets. The secondary results included the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F-measure, and Matthews correlation coefficient of Youzhi AI software in the real-world.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software in real-world clinical settings was lower than that of the laboratory data (P < 0.001). The output result of Youzhi AI software has good stability after several tests. Youzhi AI software diagnosed benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images and diagnosed disease types with higher diagnostic accuracy than by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.008, P = 0.016, respectively). Compared with dermatologists, Youzhi AI software was more accurate in the diagnosis of skin tumor types through the recognition of dermoscopic images (P = 0.01). By evaluating the diagnostic performance of dermatologists under different modes, the diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in diagnosing disease types by matching dermoscopic and clinical images was significantly higher than that by identifying dermoscopic and clinical images in random sequence (P = 0.022). The diagnostic accuracy of dermatologists in the diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases by recognizing dermoscopic images was significantly higher than that by recognizing clinical images (P = 0.010).ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of Youzhi AI software for skin tumors in real-world clinical settings was not as high as that of using special data sets in the laboratory. However, there was no significant difference between the diagnostic capacity of Youzhi AI software and the average diagnostic capacity of dermatologists. It can provide assistant diagnostic decisions for dermatologists in the current state.