Types Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Kecenderungan Perilaku Pelecehan Seksual Remaja

This research is motivated by adolescents who have a tendency to sexual harassment behavior caused by adolescents having high curiosity and thinking about sexuality, as well as the influence of the environment and social media. Thus causing adolescents to want to imitate the behavior they see both around them and the behavior they see from social media. This study aims to describe: 1) a description of the tendency of adolescent sexual harassment behavior in SMPN 40 Padang as a whole, 2) a description of the tendency of adolescent sexual harassment behavior in SMPN 40 Padang in terms of behavioral aspects, 3) a description of the tendency of adolescent sexual harassment behavior in SMPN 40 Padang. The research method used is quantitative method with descriptive approach. The sample in this study were 180 students in grades VII & VIII at SMPN 40 Padang in the 2023/2024 school year, who were selected using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data obtained by giving research instruments in the form of a sexual harassment questionnaire to junior high school students who have been tested for validity with the pearson correlation formula (0.361) and reliability testing with the Cronbach alpha formula (0.736) to students. For data processing using descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that: 1) The tendency of adolescent sexual harassment behavior in terms of behavioral aspects is in the low category, meaning that adolescents tend to have committed some sexual harassment behavior, 2) The tendency of adolescent sexual harassment behavior based on situational aspects is in the low category, meaning that adolescents tend to have committed some sexual harassment behavior in public places such as school. Overall, adolescents have a low tendency of sexual harassment behavior, this shows that adolescents tend to have committed some sexual harassment behavior. Based on the results of this study, counselors can provide assistance to prevent sexual harassment behavior in adolescents in the form of information services about understanding sexual harassment, types of sexual harassment, the impact of sexual harassment behavior, and how to avoid sexual harassment behavior. Another service provided to students is group guidance services, where students led by bk teachers / counselors in groups discuss the phenomenon of sexual harassment among adolescents so that adolescents can understand how sexual harassment behavior occurs around them and how to prevent sexual harassment behavior.

Do Sexual Harassment Claimants’ Gender Identity and Race Influence Third-Party Observers’ Assumptions About the Harassment Incident?

Sexual harassment research typically focuses on White cisgender women. Are harassment targets who are not White cisgender women perceived similarly? In three preregistered studies, participants (Study 1: N = 442; Study 2: N = 2,088, nationally representative U.S. sample; Study 3: N = 577) read about a formal (Studies 1 and 2) or informal (Study 3) sexual harassment claim made by a woman whose gender identity (cisgender vs. transgender) and race (Black vs. White) varied. Details about the incident were redacted, and participants wrote about what they thought the harasser had done. These free-response data indicated that cisgender (vs. transgender) women were seen as more likely to have experienced unwanted references to appearance, unwanted sexual attention (in Studies 2 and 3), or unwanted romantic attention (especially if they were White). Transgender (vs. cisgender) women, regardless of race, were seen as more likely to have experienced gender harassment. The claimant's race had little systematic effect, suggesting that perceivers are less attentive to the potential impact of race (vs. gender identity) on sexual harassment. People's inferences about the types of sexual harassment that women are most likely to face can impact the support claimants may receive when they come forward with a sexual harassment claim. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843241252658

Objektifikasi Seksual terhadap Perempuan: Studi Kasus Ito Shiori, Haachu, dan Korban Pelecehan Lainnya di Jepang

This research is written to analyse one type of sexual harassment that occurs in society, which is sexual objectification, using interviews and personal information from Ito Shiori, the author of Black Box and several women who have voiced out in public or anonymously. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of sexual objectification which occur in daily life and to issue awareness to the readers on sexual objectification. This research uses the objectification theory which is rooted in radical-cultural feminism and is written using the descriptive-analysis method and literature studies, using data from books, journals and the internet. The result of this research is that the reader is able to find out sexual objectifications that occur in daily life based on existent cases and to open opportunities to protect victims of sexual harassment from similar behaviour while also preventing them from becoming perpetrators of sexual harassment

Penyuluhan Pelecehan Seksual Kepada Siswa-Siswi Kelas XII SMK Kartini Batam

This community service is carried out with the aim of helping students of SMK Kartini to understand and comprehend the impacts and dangers that can arise from sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a serious issue that can endanger the mental and physical health of individuals, especially teenagers. Students of SMK (Vocational High School) belong to a vulnerable group at risk of experiencing sexual harassment. The community service method is implemented through collaboration between speakers, educators, and the school authorities. The first step is to identify issues related to sexual harassment that are relevant to the context of SMK students. Subsequently, appropriate and informative educational materials are developed based on comprehensive and responsible principles of sexual education. Then, the education is conducted through interactive sessions involving presentations, group discussions, case studies, and role-playing games. The educational materials cover understanding the definition of sexual harassment, types of sexual harassment, its impact on the health and well-being of students, prevention strategies, and how to report cases of sexual harassment. This community service is an important initial step in combating sexual harassment among the students of SMK Kartini. Continuous education and collaborative efforts among the school, families, and the community are necessary to create sustainable changes in behavior and attitudes towards sexual harassment. It is expected that the results of this community service will contribute positively to creating a safe, supportive, and harassment-free school environment for the students of SMK Kartini.

Threatening men, threatened women and vice versa: Job and status-related risk factors for experiencing sexual harassment in the media and cultural sectors

ABSTRACT Using an extensive survey filled out by 2023 people working in the media and cultural sectors of Flanders, we analyse how job and status-related factors influence the likelihood of experiencing different types of sexual harassment in the media and cultural sector and how the effects may differ for male and female workers. We differentiate between three types of workplace-related sexual harassment: sexual communication, infantilization and physical advances. First, we look at two factors related to working in the media and cultural sector. A competitive work environment increases the likelihood of experiencing sexual harassment for both men and women. Doing artistic work has a small but significant effect on infantilization for women. Second, we use Blumer’s group position model to understand how awareness of unequal career opportunities for women in the cultural and media industries influences the experience of sexual harassment. Women who perceive unequal career opportunities experience more sexual harassment; this is not the case for men. Having more professional recognition decreases the likelihood of experiencing sexual harassment for men but not for women, which is also in line with the group position model.

"Everyone Saw Me Differently Like It Was My Fault or I Wanted It": Acquaintance Stalking Victim Experiences of Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, and Sexual Autonomy.

Although the stalking research literature has grown over time, there is more limited research focused on acquaintance stalking victim experiences and harms. The current study used online surveys with women stalked by acquaintances who had (n = 193), and who had not (n = 144), been sexually assaulted by the stalker to examine differences in stalking course of conduct (including jealousy and control, sexual harassment) and victim harms (resource losses, social identity perceptions, sexual autonomy, sexual difficulties, and safety efficacy). Results found that many of the acquaintance stalking victims in the current study experienced all three types of sexual harassment (verbal harassment, unwanted sexual advances, sexual coercion) and had negative social identity perceptions (e.g., how they felt about themselves, how they felt about their ability to be a good partner). More women who were sexually assaulted, compared to those who were not, experienced threats, jealous and controlling behavior, severe physical violence, stalking-related fear, sexual harassment, negative social identity perceptions, and lower sexual autonomy. Multivariate analysis found that sexual assault, more unwanted sexual attention, increased sexual coercion, lower safety efficacy, and more negative social identity perceptions were associated with sexual difficulties while sexual assault, higher safety efficacy, fewer resource losses, and fewer negative social identity perceptions were associated with increased sexual autonomy. Sexual assault, verbal sexual harassment, and resource losses were associated with more negative social identity perceptions. Understanding the full scope of stalking victimization and the negative impacts can inform the recovery journey and safety planning interventions.

Association between Experiences of Different Types of Harassment or Derogatory Treatment and Sexual Harassment among Employees at a Large Swedish University.

Sexual harassment (SH) and other forms of mistreatment continue to be a significant problem at workplaces, leading to negative health and work-related outcomes. Previous studies have mainly examined SH and other types of workplace harassment separately. In this study we investigated whether harassment related to any of the seven Swedish legal grounds for discrimination (sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation, or age) and derogatory treatment were associated with SH at a large Swedish university. Using cross-sectional survey data obtained from 33% of all staff, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between harassment, derogatory treatment, and SH. We found a sixfold increased risk of SH among women with experience of other forms of harassment and a three-times-higher risk among women with experience of derogatory treatment, indicating that SH co-occurs with other forms of mistreatment. This pattern was similar among men, although men reported lower prevalence of mistreatment. Our findings have implications for preventive strategies at academic workplaces indicating that issues related to the defence of power and various types of abusive behaviours, including SH, both need to be addressed to create more equal opportunities for all employees.

Implementasi Teori Subjective Expected Utility Studi Kasus: Pekerja Perempuan Korban Pelecehan Seksual

Industrial revolution in 18th century made women has have to adapt from home industry to modern manufacture. These change made women have to face social problems from the “women better stay at home” stigma to workplace discriminations, that later effect women either from psycologichal side and also socio-economics side. This paper specifically choosse one of those problems, which is sexual harassment in the workplace and saw the effects through economics point of view. With emotions, types of harassments, self efficacy, knowledge, and socio-economics as independent variables, this paper try to aim the main reason of Jabodetabek’s women worker preference changed after sexual harassment in the workplace with linear regression and descriptive analysis as the analythical method. The results were showed that the respodents preferences changed after the effect of emotions pressure at work and problem with self efficacy rathter than socio-economics pressure and types of sexual harassment that happened to them before.

Aspects of Gender and Sexuality in Relation to Experiences of Subjection to Sexual Harassment among Adolescents in General Population.

Subjection to sexual harassment (SH) has been reported more commonly by girls than by boys, by sexual and gender minority youth more than by mainstream youth, and by sexually active youth more than by those not yet experienced in romantic and erotic encounters. However, the research so far has not addressed these correlates simultaneously. This study aimed to explore independent associations between experiencing SH and these aspects of sex, gender and sexuality—considering all of them concurrently. A cross sectional survey with data from Finland was used, with an analyzable sample of 71,964 adolescents aged 14 to 16-years- of age, collected in 2017. The data were analysed using cross-tabulations with chi-square statistics and logistic regression analyses. The types of SH studied were gender harassment, unwelcome sexual attention, and sexual coercion. Girls, sexual and gender minority youth, and youth engaging in romantic and erotic encounters had experienced all three types of SH more commonly than boys, mainstream youth and those not sexually active. Associations between minority status and experiences of sexual harassment were stronger among boys, and being sexually active had stronger associations with subjection to sexual harassment in girls. The findings appear to support the assumption that sexual harassment serves both as a means of perpetuating heteronormativity and the sexual double standard.

The association between gender, sexual harassment, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms in adolescents

Aim The study aims to identify the prevalence of bullying and sexual harassment as well as possible risk and protective factors for depression among adolescents. We focus on the association of different types of sexual harassment, gender, bullying, and self-compassion to depression criteria according to DSM 4. Methods This cross-sectional study included 318 adolescents aged 15–20 years, from Sweden. Participants answered the self-assessment scales Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Second Edition, and Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales for Youth, as well as questions about sexual harassment and bullying. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between bullying, sexual harassment, self-compassion, and gender with depressive symptoms. Results Few students had been subjected to bullying, whereas sexual harassment was more common. About 32.7% of students had been subjected to verbal harassment and girls were more frequently exposed. Both bullying and sexual harassment were associated with depressive symptoms, and gender patterns were observed. For boys, verbal harassment and bullying correlated with negative self-evaluation and somatic complaints. For girls, bullying correlated with all depressive symptoms. Higher levels of self-compassion were associated with less depression, and the correlation was especially strong among boys. Conclusion Boys and girls express different types of depressive symptoms when subjected to bullying and sexual harassment. Not asking boys about negative self-evaluation or somatic complaints could lead to missing depression. However, for girls, all four symptoms are equally important to inquire about. Self-compassion is a possible protective factor against depression and future studies will show if teaching this to adolescents could lead to less depression.

Women executives and their struggle with sexual harassment: A multiple case study

Objectives This exploratory study is aimed at discovering Filipina women executives’ personal experience with sexual harassment. Methods This is a multiple case study with a qualitative approach. With non-probability convenience sampling, we selected five women executives from the capital region of the Philippines for in-depth interviews. For data analysis, we used a thematic analysis method. Results The four types of sexual harassment – physical, verbal, cyber, and non-verbal – were all evident in our study. One major theme found through the cross-case synthesis was the calling for proactive actions. Conclusion Filipina women executives have personal experience with all types of sexual harassment. Neither their inner drive for excellence nor their exceptional career achievements prevent sexual harassment from happening to them and around them. Thus, women executives call for sufficient and effective sexual harassment prevention education programs. Keywords Women executives, multiple case study, gender equality, the Philippines, sexual harassment prevention education

Female Students’ Experiences of Sexual Harassment in the Sport Management Internship Setting

Internships provide professional preparation for aspiring sport management professionals, because they allow for professional and personal growth, as well as for being exposed to a professional work environment. Unfortunately, part of the exposure to a professional work environment also means being subjected to its negative aspects, which include sexual harassment. The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual harassment experiences of female students in a sport management internship setting. Nearly 66% of the respondents had experienced some type of sexual harassment while completing an internship. Internship satisfaction was lower for those who had experienced sexual harassment, but experiencing sexual harassment had no impact on their intent to enter the sport management profession. Sport management educators, as well as internship supervisors, must work together to create a safe and professional environment for female students.

Sexual and reproductive health of Syrian refugee adolescent girls: a qualitative study using focus group discussions in an urban setting in Lebanon

BackgroundThe war in Syria caused the forced displacement of millions of Syrians to neighboring countries. Lebanon is the host country with the largest overall number of Syrian refugees per capita. Adolescent refugee girls experience a unique level of vulnerability during human emergencies and are at increased risk of suffering from poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study to learn about the SRH perceptions and experiences of refugee adolescent girls living in Bourj Hammoud, an urban setting in Lebanon.MethodsWe employed a qualitative design with eight focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted with 40 Syrian Arab and Syrian Kurdish adolescent girls between January and March 2020. Every FGD consisted of five participants aged 13 to 17 years. A semi-structured guide was used covering multiple themes: menstruation, puberty, SRH awareness, and sexual harassment. FGDs were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe participants discussed adolescent girls’ health and named six elements of good health, such as healthy activities and self-protection. The majority of the FGD participants reported a lack of awareness about menstruation when they experienced it for the first time and the social stigma associated with menstruation. When defining puberty, they indicated its social link to a girl’s readiness for marriage and her need to become cautious about sexual harassment. Most FGD participants had very poor knowledge of the female reproductive system. Mothers were the most approached persons to receive information on SRH issues; however, the girls indicated a wish to receive advice from specialists in a comfortable and private atmosphere. All the girls reported that either they themselves, or an acquaintance, had experienced some type of sexual harassment. The girls rarely reported those incidents due to fear of being blamed or subjected to mobility restrictions, or forced to drop out of school.ConclusionsThe findings show the refugee girls need for satisfactory knowledge on SRH issues and interventions to prevent sexual and gender-based violence that take into consideration the complexity of urban settings.

"Am I Making More of It Than I Should?": Reporting and Responding to Sexual Harassment.

Health professionals may face sexual harassment from patients, faculty, and colleagues. Medicine's hierarchy deters response to sexual harassment. Current evidence consists largely of quantitative data regarding the frequency and types of sexual harassment. More information is needed about the nature of the experience and how or why professionals choose to report or respond. We developed and administered a semistructured interview guide to elicit family medicine faculty and residents' experiences with sexual harassment and gender bias. Facilitators led a series of focus groups divided by faculty (N=28) and residents (N=24). We ensured voluntary consent and groups were audiotaped, transcribed and deidentified. We coded the transcripts using immersion-crystallization theory to identify emergent themes. Sexual harassment from patients and colleagues was described as witnessed or personally experienced by faculty and resident participants in 100% of the focus groups. Respondents identified the presence of mentors, clear reporting process and follow-up, history of good organizational response to reporting, and education and training as facilitators to reporting sexual harassment. Barriers to reporting included fear of retaliation, lack of trust of the system to respond, lack of clarity about "what counts," and confusion with the reporting process. It is important to capitalize on facilitators to reporting sexual harassment, starting with acknowledging the frequency of sexual harassment and gender discrimination. Addressing barriers to responding through education and training for our learners and faculty is critical. Clarifying the reporting process, having clear expectations for behavior, and a continuum of responses may help increase the frequency of reporting.

Sexual harassment of oncologists.

11001 Background: Few studies have used comprehensive validated measures to investigate the incidence and impact of workplace sexual harassment experienced by physicians (and none, to our knowledge, by oncologists). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of ASCO’s Research Survey Pool with targeted social media outreach to examine the prevalence and types of sexual harassment (SH) experienced by oncologists. Using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), we measured their work experience of three SH forms (gender harassment [GH], unwanted sexual attention [USA], sexual coercion [SC]) in the past year by institutional insiders (peers/superiors) and patients/families separately. Controlling for race, career stage & specialty, multivariable (MV) regression models assess the impact of SH (independent variable) on 4 dependent variables of mental health (MHI5), perceptions of workplace safety (single item), job satisfaction (MOAQ) & 3-item measure of turnover intentions (in non-trainees). Results: Of 271 respondents, 250 were physicians in practice and 21 were residents/fellows; 153 (56%] were women, 168 (62%) practiced in academic settings & 227 (84%) were medical oncologists. SH by peers/superiors was reported by 189 (70%) overall, including 80% of women and 56% of men (p<0.0001). GH was reported by 79% of women and 55% of men (p<0.0001), USA by 22% of women and 9% of men (p=0.005), and SC by 3% of women and 2% of men (p=0.42). SH by patients and/or families was reported by 67% of women and 35% of men (p<0.0001), GH by 66% of women and 34% of men (p<0.0001), USA by 5% women and 6% men (p=0.80), and SC by 1% women and 1% men (p=0.72). MV analysis showed past-year SH from peers/superiors was significantly associated with decreased mental health (β -0.45, p 0.004), workplace safety (β -0.98, p<0.001) and increased turnover intentions (β 0.93, P<0.0001). SH from patients/families was similarly significantly associated with mental health (β -0.41, p 0.002), workplace safety (β -0.42, p 0.014) and turnover intentions (β 0.58, p 0.0004). SH from insiders (β -0.64, p 0.001) but not patients (p 0.55) was significantly associated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between the respondents’ gender and the SH scores in any of the models of impact. Conclusions: This is the first study in oncology to systematically characterize the incidence of sexual harassment experienced by oncologists. Our findings demonstrate the impact of sexual harassment on men and women oncologists on multiple domains of workplace experience. This study provides critical data to inform the need for and design of effective protective and preventive workplace policies in oncology.

Evolution of Sexual Harassment Law: How Do I Know a “Hostile Environment” When I See it ?

ABSTRACT Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Laws of the United States, 1964) defines two types of sexual harassment – quid pro quo (requesting sexual favors for a business advantage) and a “hostile environment.” This paper examines the “hostile environment,” since it is a subjective standard as to the perception by the employee of objectionable behavior. There are two clear trends identified here - the evolution of legal decisions in the courts toward a more protective view of the employee and the evolution toward more tolerance by younger employees as to acceptable sexual behavior but less tolerance of abusive behavior. Early court decisions in sexual harassment cases favored employers, requiring highly egregious behavior to justify a penalty. There was a pervasive attitude that sexual comments were excused as just flirting or normal social interaction and no actual harm was done unless there was physical contact. Even unwanted touching or staring was excused as harmless behavior. The public attitude toward sexual harassment has changed, as evidenced by the #MeToo movement and by punishment of high-profile men for sexual assaults and harassment. A younger judiciary and younger jurors probably also contribute to a less tolerant view of sexual harassment. This paper is about the shifting standards of the law regarding sexual harassment, particularly as to low-wage earners such as typically found in the restaurant industry. It is not a fixed standard, so employers must govern themselves by being aware of trends and recent decisions.

Perception of students regarding sexual harassment

Background: Sexual harassment means unwanted sexually determined behavior such as physical contacts and advances, making sexual derogative comments, and sexual pressure whether by verbal or -nonverbal actions. Young female adults are most vulnerable to harassment and violence towards them. Despite of high literacy levels young female adults show tendency to tolerate harassment and delay in early identification of warning signs, leading to sexual harassment. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand how the students perceive different types of sexual harassment. Objective of the study was to assess the perception of undergraduate girl students regarding Sexual Harassment.Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional survey design on 100 female undergraduate students from the King George’s Medical University of Lucknow, India was undertaken using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected from 15th May to 15th June 2018. A self structured perception questionnaire developed by researchers was used.Results: The data gathered from the study suggests that majority (81%) of the participants responded that sexual harassment is related to all unwelcome sexual behaviour, 72% of the participants feel most afraid of sexual harassment during night, and 83% of the participants responded that the most probable place for sexual harassment is public transport. 91% of the participants believed that the incidences of the sexual harassment has increased in the last 10 years and majority (81%) of the participants didn’t had knowledge of any legal provisions regarding sexual harassment.Conclusions: The data shows that the definition of sexual harassment can differ according to individual’s perception. To understand how people perceive and define sexual harassment is crucial for explaining and understanding how they react to sexual harassment and why they often do not stand up against sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment on transit: a global, comparative examination

This article examines the incidence of an omnipresent but underreported crime in transit environments: sexual harassment. More specifically, it presents the findings of a global comparative study that surveyed 11,710 college students from 18 cities in six different continents, to inquire about their victimization experiences with verbal, physical, and non-verbal/non-physical sexual harassment in transit environments. The study finds that sexual harassment is a common occurrence in all cities but how, where, and to what extent it happens is quite specific to the particular socio-spatial contexts. Certain individual characteristics of students and environmental characteristics of the transit setting can increase the risk of harassment. Different types of sexual harassment are more likely to happen in certain transit settings than others. While female students are disproportionately affected, some male students also report experiences of victimization. The study concludes with a discussion of multi-pronged responses to harassment.

Perpetrators and Common Places of Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent School Girls in Nepal

The main aim of this study was to find out the vulnerable places of sexual harassment to the girl students and the persons involved in such unwanted behaviors. It was a mixed-methods study. Altogether 773 girl respondents were selected for obtaining quantitative data from Lalitpur and Rupendehi districts in Nepal. Similarly, 10 focus group discussions, 14 Key informant interviews, and eight In-depth interviews were conducted for collecting qualitative data. The result showed that male peers/ friends, teachers, neighbors/ relatives, and strangers were involved in sexual harassment. Frequency of verbal/gestural type of sexual harassment is higher from male peers and touching/pinching and sexual abuse/assault types of sexual harassment are more common from teachers and relatives. Sexual harassment frequently happens in public transport. In society, teachers deserve great respect and trust from parents and students. They have close access to girl students. However, such trust and closeness transformed into sexual harassment whereby accelerating sexual harassment. The higher incidence of sexual harassment at public transports might be due to the proximity and anonymity, which, in turn, results in high levels of sexual harassment and abuse with very little risk of social or legal consequences. The awareness program against sexual harassment and strong laws and order are essential and the judiciary process should be simple and victim-friendly that can reduce sexual harassment to girl students by various perpetrators at different domains in society.

Attitudes about victims of workplace sexual harassment based on sex

Abstract Workplace sexual harassment remains a consistent problem in the United States across a variety of employment sectors. Although sexually harassing behaviors in the workplace are generally viewed as unacceptable by most people, the way that victims and their experiences are perceived varies. In this study, the effects of victim sex, offender sex, and type of sexual harassment on attitudes about victims, perceptions of victim behavior, and beliefs about consequences to victim were assessed. Results revealed that male victims of workplace sexual harassment were perceived less favorably than female victims were and were perceived as having suffered less than female victims did. Implications and recommendations for workplace policy and practice are discussed.