Types Of Services Research Articles

Télé-expertise en ophtalmologie au centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes : évaluation de la plateforme sécurisée OMNIDOC au cours de sa première année d’utilisation

Ophthalmology as a specialty is a pioneer in the area of telemedicine. Remote consultation represents one of the 5 types of telemedicine services, with a growing volume of activity in university hospitals. In November 2020, the ophthalmology department of Rennes University Medical Center launched its remote consultation network with the secured platform OMNIDOC. The goal of this study was to assess its contribution during its first year of use. Beginning in November 2020, ophthalmology consults at Rennes University Medical Center were directed towards the dedicated OMNIDOC network. Three-hundred and forty-one requests for remote consultation were received and analyzed between November 2020 and October 2021. We sent a satisfaction survey to both the requesting and consultant physicians to assess whether or not the network was beneficial. Three-hundred and twenty-seven remote consultations requested by 126 practitioners were included in the study. The median response time was 6hours. Every field of the specialty was involved, of which 22.3% were for pediatric patients under 6years of age. Among the requests, 89.7% were regional (Brittany) and came mostly from ophthalmologists (61.77%). Nearly one out of two patients did not require an in-person consultation at Rennes University Medical Center. The implementation of a remote consultation network allowed access to a rapid, facilitated medical ophthalmology consultation. Such a platform delivers safety and traceability of the interactions. It enhances and optimizes the patients' care pathway and encourages relationships with community physicians.

Flexible blind quantum computation with unnecessarily universal quantum servers

Blind quantum computation (BQC) allows clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate their tasks to powerful quantum servers and still keep their inputs, algorithms, and outputs private. However, in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum computers as servers only control limited number of qubits and are not powerful enough. In addition, each of current BQC models is usually suitable for only one type of users. Therefore, this paper offers a flexible BQC (BQCf for short) model for two types of users with different quantum capabilities where any one of two types of users can complete BQC tasks with the help of the other type of users and quantum servers. To be more specific, we propose two BQCf protocols by using the given model. In the first protocol, one user Alice only with the ability to prepare single-qubit states can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with another user Bob who is just capable of performing single-qubit measurements and a quantum server Charlie. Similarly in the second one, Bob can realize BQC tasks by cooperating with Alice and Charlie. In both protocols, the server Charlie only requires a quantum register of small size and performing CZ gates and thus it is unnecessary to be universal and may be less difficult to realize in the short run. Furthermore, both proposed protocols are verifiable, namely that the user can detect whether the server is honest. Finally, examples of the proposed protocols for implementing Deutsch’s algorithms are simulated through Qiskit framework to show their feasibility and correctness.

Implementation of a population mental health and wellness text-message service: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundDespite the growing adoption of digital health tools as a means to support mental health, many individuals remain unaware of the variety of mental health resources available to them through this format. To address this knowledge gap, this study advanced the design, development, and implementation of a text-based service called SaskWell to raise awareness of evidence based mental health resources and create more immediate connections to these tools. The two primary objectives of the study were to assess and evaluate the adoption of SaskWell by focusing on user acceptance, satisfaction, and perceived benefit, and to identify factors which contributed to user engagement with the SaskWell text-based service. Both quantitative and qualitative data contributed to the final study results.ResultsThis study utilized a co-designed text-messaging service to provide residents of Saskatchewan an important connection to digital mental health and wellness resources during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the RE-AIM framework as an implementation guide, four distinct cycles of SaskWell were delivered with modifications to the service in each subsequent cycle based on user engagement, feedback, and the direction of a community advisory group. Quantitative data was collected through user engagement text message response data, along with enrollment and exit surveys, while semi-structured interviews served as the primary means of qualitative data collection. In addition to the quantitative user data, these user interviews resulted in themes exploring motivation to sign-up for the service, perceptions of texting as a mechanism to deliver mental health resources, the impact of SaskWell on mental health and well-being, and beliefs on the future potential of text-based mental health supports.ConclusionsBoth the user engagement survey and the qualitative data supported the worth of ongoing efforts to refine and extend the use of text messaging as a means to engage citizens around the awareness and use of digital mental health and wellness resources. As the pandemic has receded into the background in many peoples’ daily lives, for healthcare providers, and others who continue to be impacted more heavily by the persistent challenges of this global event, this type of service may continue to be timely.

Sustainable Food Waste Management in Food Service Establishments in Relation to Unserved Dishes

The problem of food waste in food service is recognized in the scientific community. A reduction in this phenomenon is necessary for the sustainable development of the food service industry. However, the issue of the influence of various characteristics of food service establishments (FSEs) on food waste has still not been studied sufficiently. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of the type of FSE, type of customer service, time in business of the FSE, and average daily number of consumers served on measures taken in FSE in relation to ready meals in the context of food waste. Survey research was conducted in 131 FSEs. It was found that the different groups of dishes that were prepared in excess and not served to consumers are most often stored in refrigerated conditions until the following day. The management of unserved dishes was correlated with business time and the type of FSE. Dishes like cold and hot snacks, in particular, were more often made available to employees in establishments with shorter time in business. In restaurants and small food service outlets/cafés, discarding was more often indicated as the management method for these types of dishes. The majority of food service establishments were not able to sell half portions. In conclusion, there is great potential to reduce food waste in food service establishments, but education of both staff and customers is essential.

Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pelayanan Kepada Jemaah oleh KBIHU dan Tour & Travel Haji dan Umroh

This article examines the efforts made by the Hajj and Umrah Guidance Group (KBIHU) as well as tour and travel agents in meeting the service needs of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. This study aims to identify the type of service provided, evaluate the quality of service, and measure the level of satisfaction of pilgrims with the services received. Data was collected through survey methods and interviews with congregations, as well as direct observation of the service process. The results of the study show that there are several important aspects in the service that are very concerned by the congregation, such as worship guidance, accommodation facilities, transportation, and health support. KBIHU and high-quality tour and travel agents are generally able to meet the expectations of pilgrims by providing comprehensive and professional services. However, there are also several obstacles and challenges faced in the service process, such as limited resources and ineffective coordination. This study suggests increasing training for service staff, improving facilities, and improving the coordination system to improve the quality of service to Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.

Frailty in Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries and Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries

A growing proportion of the population is enrolling in Medicare Advantage (MA), which typically offers additional benefits compared with traditional Medicare (TM). To determine whether frailty and frailty trajectories differ between MA enrollees and TM enrollees. This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2015-2016). Analyses were conducted from August 2023 to March 2024. Participants were community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Enrollment in MA vs TM. Frailty was calculated by a frailty index (FI) (range, 0-1, with higher values indicating greater frailty) and the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) score (range, 0-5, with higher values indicating greater frailty). Physical performance, including Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score (range, 0-12, with higher values indicating better performance), and gait speed (meters per second) were measured. The primary outcome was the difference in FI and FFP scores from the 2015 baseline assessment to the 2016 follow-up assessment. Secondary outcomes include the 1-year changes in SPPB and gait speed. The final cohort consisted of 7063 participants (2775 [23.1%] aged >80 years; 4040 [54.7%] female), representing a sample of the 38.8 million beneficiaries. There were 2583 (35.0%) MA enrollees (13.6 million) and 4480 (65.0%) TM enrollees (25.2 million). At baseline, the FI score was similar between MA and TM enrollees (mean [SD], 0.22 [0.15] vs 0.21 [0.14]), although MA enrollees had worse phenotypic frailty (496 participants [15.2%] vs 811 participants [13.7%] considered frail by FFP score), SPPB scores (mean [SD], 6.91 [3.34] vs 7.21 [3.27]), and gait speed (0.79 [0.24] m/s vs 0.82 [0.23] m/s) than TM enrollees. One year later, there were no differences between MA and TM enrollees in the 1-year change in FI score (mean [SD], 0.016 [0.071] vs 0.014 [0.066]; adjusted mean difference, 0.001 [95% CI, -0.004 to 0.005]), FFP score (mean [SD], 0.017 [1.004] vs 0.007 [0.958]; adjusted mean difference, -0.009 [95% CI, -0.067 to 0.049]), SPPB score (mean [SD], -0.144 [2.064] vs -0.211 [1.968]; adjusted mean difference, 0.068 [95% CI, -0.076 to 0.212]), and gait speed (mean [SD], -0.0160 [0.148] m/s vs -0.007 [0.148] m/s; adjusted mean difference, -0.010 m/s [95% CI, -0.067 to 0.049 m/s]). In this cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries from 2015, MA enrollees experienced similar declines in frailty over 1 year compared with TM enrollees. Future work should examine whether the specific types of services covered by health insurance can impact frailty and health trajectories for older adults.

Patient Safety Climate in Danish Primary Care: Adaption and Validation of the Danish Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-DK-PRIM).

A lack of instruments to assess patient safety climate within primary care exists. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) To adapt the Danish hospital version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-DK) for use in primary care; 2) Test the internal consistency and the construct validity of this version; 3) Present benchmark data; and 4) Analyze variance. The SAQ-DK was adapted for use in Danish primary care settings (SAQ-DK-PRIM) and distributed to healthcare staff members from nursing homes (N = 11), homecare units (N = 4) and healthcare units (N = 2), within the municipality of Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark. Face- and content validity were assessed. The construct validity was evaluated by a set of goodness-of-fit indices. The internal reliability was evaluated using the item-rest correlations, the inter-item correlations, and Cronbach's alpha (α). The adaptation process resulted in a questionnaire of 10 items. Eight hundred and thirty healthcare staffs participated (78% of the eligible respondents). In total 586 (70.6%) responses were complete and were included in the analysis. Goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis showed: Chi2=46.90CFI=0.97, RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI: 0.044-0.084), Probability RMSEA (p close)=0.12. Internal reliability was high (Cronbach's α=0.76). Proportions of participants with a positive attitude was 41.1% and did not differ between the healthcare services. Scale mean score was 70.19 (SD: 18.05) and differed between healthcare services. The safety climate scale scores did not vary according to healthcare service type. ICC was 0.68% indicating no clustering of scores by healthcare service type. Considering the questionnaire's applicability, short length, strengthened focus on one area of interest and validity, the SAQ-DK-PRIM can serve as a valuable tool for measuring patient safety climate within primary care settings in Denmark.

Peer or tutor? The congruity effects of service robot role and service type on usage intention

The invention of service robots has reduced the labor cost and improved enterprises' efficiency and service quality. However, it is still difficult to enhance consumers' intention to use robot-by-robot design efficiently. Based on social roles of anthropomorphic cues, service robots can be divided into peer (e.g., kind and amiable friends) or tutor (e.g., authoritative and professional experts) robots. From a matching perspective, this paper investigates (1) whether robot role and service type have an impact on consumers' intention to employ service robots in different ways, and (2) how cognitive trust and affective trust can play a mediating role during this process. In this paper, the authors conducted an online a scenario-based experiment and collected a valid sample of 332 consumers. The results show that the participants are more willing to apply the tutor robot in the scenario of utilitarian service, and the peer robot in the scenario of hedonic service. In addition, cognitive trust and affective trust have a matching mediation effect. Specifically, for the utilitarian service, cognitive trust mediates the effect of robot role on consumers' intention to adopt the robots, while the mediating effect of affective trust is not significant. As for the hedonic service, affective trust mediated the effect of robot role on the intention to use, whereas the mediating effect of cognitive trust is not significant.

Drug Shortages: A Scoring System to Evaluate and Prioritize the Clinical Importance of Drugs in Canada

Drug shortages are an ongoing global health issue and pose significant challenges to policy-makers and health care providers. They may result from various factors (e.g., supply chain disruptions and recalls) and have a negative impact on patient outcomes and health care expenditures. The ability to accurately predict drugs at risk of a shortage would be a vital aspect in the effective management of drug shortages and help ensure proactive measures for consistent drug supply and optimized patient care; however, these drugs must also be prioritized in a meaningful way to identify high priority targets among the large number of drugs in the market and help ensure resources are allocated to the most important at-risk drugs. The purpose of this Environmental Scan aimed to identify a systematic method of objectively evaluating and ranking the value of drugs based on important clinical criteria and adapt the selected tool to prioritize the clinical importance of drugs in Canada. A total of 5 potential scoring systems were considered, and 1 scoring system was selected and adapted (based on expert panel member feedback). Finally, an assessment of 9 clinical criteria was made across 5 broad categories. The criteria include an evaluation of disease severity, size of the population, clinical guidelines, comparator interventions limitations (unmet needs), improvement of efficacy or effectiveness, improvement of safety and tolerability, improvement of patient-reported outcomes (PRO), type of medical service (e.g., symptom relief, prolonging life, cure), and public health interest. The proposed tool can be used in situations where decision-making requires an objective and systematic evaluation of drugs' clinical importance. Additionally, it will help inform a drug shortage risk framework in Canada, which will consider both the clinical importance and supply chain risks of drugs as part of the Health Canada Drug Shortages Task Force.

Satisfaction of Patients and Physicians with Telehealth Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed significant challenges to healthcare systems, prompting the widespread adoption of telehealth to provide medical services while minimizing the risk of virus transmission. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction rates of both patients and physicians with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. We included studies that utilized telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and reported satisfaction data for both patients and physicians. Data extraction was performed using a form designed by the researchers. A meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models with the OpenMeta-Analyst software. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the type of telehealth services used: telephone, video, and a combination of both. From an initial pool of 1,454 articles, 62 met the inclusion criteria for this study. The most commonly used methods were video and telephone calls. The overall satisfaction rate with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic was 81%. Satisfaction rates were higher among patients at 83%, compared to 74% among physicians. Specifically, telephone consultations had a satisfaction rate of 77%, video consultations 86%, and a mix of both methods yielded a 77% satisfaction rate. Overall, satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic was considered satisfactory, with both patients and physicians reporting high levels of satisfaction. Telehealth has proven to be an effective alternative for delivering healthcare services during pandemics.

Exploring the Influence of Financial Literacy on Mobile Financial Service Usage: An Ordered Probit Analysis

Mobile financial service, an emerging form of financial services that has developed alongside the internet and mobile devices, are becoming increasingly significant in the global financial market. Financial literacy is crucial for safely and effectively using these services, as it equips individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the digital financial landscape, make informed decisions, and manage their finances responsibly. This study explores the link between financial literacy and the use of mobile financial services, aiming to promote financial inclusion and help users benefit from mobile banking technologies. The results indicate that the impact of objective financial literacy varies significantly across different types of mobile financial services. It boosts the utilization of mobile banking services, with coefficient 0.025 (p<0.01), while simultaneously reducing the frequency of mobile payments and transfers, with coefficients -0.041 and -0.012 respectively (p<0.01). The results also show that subjective financial literacy always positively relate to the use of mobile banking, mobile payments and mobile transfers, with coefficients 0.038, 0.044 and 0.03 respectively (p<0.01). Further, this paper investigates how financial literacy miscalibration affects the use of mobile financial services. The results show that individuals who over-evaluated their financial literacy are more likely to use mobile financial services than individuals who under-evaluated or correct-evaluated their financial literacy. The results serve as decisive evidence for policymakers to enhance consumer financial literacy, thereby improving their use of mobile financial services. Future studies could delve deeper into the underlying reasons for the differential impact of objective financial literacy on various MFS types.

Kualitas Pelayanan Penerbitan Sertifikat Pengganti pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Blitar

A land certificate is legal and very important proof of land ownership. Therefore, people need to look after and maintain it well. However, there are still cases where the certificate is lost, so the land owner needs to make an application to obtain a replacement certificate at the local National Land Agency. In the certificate replacement process, there are several obstacles, such as the high costs for publication in the mass media, the length of bureaucracy that the applicant must go through, the long time required to complete the service, and the large number of documents that the applicant must submit. This research aims to evaluate the quality of service in the process of issuing replacement certificates at the Blitar City National Land Agency and identify the obstacles faced in this process. This research uses qualitative methods whose results will be processed into descriptive data. The data collected includes primary data obtained from interviews and observations, as well as secondary data obtained from literature reviews. The data collection process was carried out through interviews, direct observation and documentation. The results of this research are based on a series of analysis processes from interview data, observation and documentation, showing that the quality of replacement certificate issuance services at the Blitar City National Land Agency is good. Judging from the five indicators of service quality used, namely Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. There are obstacles faced, namely the occurrence of errors in the KKP system which is used to process all types of services, obstacles in making the oath agenda schedule which can hinder the completion of services

Predictors of patient satisfaction to nursing service in government hospitals in eastern Visayas Philippines

This study assessed the patients’ satisfaction level on the nursing service in government hospitals within Eastern Visayas, Philippines and determined the predictors of patient’s satisfaction using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The researcher primarily employed a de-scriptive correlational research design. Further, a standardized questionnaire named Risser -Patient Satisfaction Scale was employed to 203 patient respondents. This study revealed that Patients have greater satisfaction level on the competencies or capabilities of nurses in their respective field. However, respondents were less satisfied on nurses’ attitude toward patients, and on how they communicate with them. Moreover, this study also revealed that age, ward assignment, and service type was found to be the predictors of patients’ satis-faction.

The Acceptability, Engagement, and Feasibility of Mental Health Apps for Marginalized and Underserved Young People: Systematic Review and Qualitative Study.

Smartphone apps may provide an opportunity to deliver mental health resources and interventions in a scalable and cost-effective manner. However, young people from marginalized and underserved groups face numerous and unique challenges to accessing, engaging with, and benefiting from these apps. This study aims to better understand the acceptability (ie, perceived usefulness and satisfaction with an app) and feasibility (ie, the extent to which an app was successfully used) of mental health apps for underserved young people. A secondary aim was to establish whether adaptations can be made to increase the accessibility and inclusivity of apps for these groups. We conducted 2 sequential studies, consisting of a systematic literature review of mental health apps for underserved populations followed by a qualitative study with underserved young male participants (n=20; age: mean 19). Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, an electronic search of 5 databases was conducted in 2021. The search yielded 18,687 results, of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria. The included studies comprised a range of groups, including those affected by homelessness, having physical health conditions, living in low- and middle-income countries, and those with sexual and gender minority identities. Establishing and maintaining user engagement was a pervasive challenge across mental health apps and populations, and dropout was a reported problem among nearly all the included studies. Positive subjective reports of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability were insufficient to determine users' objective engagement. Despite the significant amount of funding directed to the development of mental health apps, juxtaposed with only limited empirical evidence to support their effectiveness, few apps have been deliberately developed or adapted to meet the heterogeneous needs of marginalized and underserved young people. Before mental health apps are scaled up, a greater understanding is needed of the types of services that more at-risk young people and those in limited-resource settings prefer (eg, standard vs digital) followed by more rigorous and consistent demonstrations of acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Adopting an iterative participatory approach by involving young people in the development and evaluation process is an essential step in enhancing the adoption of any intervention, including apps, in "real-world" settings and will support future implementation and sustainability efforts to ensure that marginalized and underserved groups are reached. PROSPERO CRD42021254241; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=254241.

Internal Medicine Acting Internship Trends in Rotation Structure and Student Responsibilities: Results from a 2023 National Survey.

The acting internship (AI) in internal medicine plays a key role in the transition from medical school to residency. While there have been recent changes in medical education including a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 and increasing use of competency-based assessment, there has not been a large survey of the state of the AI in many years. To assess the current landscape of the internal medicine AI and identify areas in need of standardization. This was a voluntary online survey of medical schools in the United States (U.S.). Course directors of the AI rotation at U.S. medical schools. Number of AI rotations required for graduation, length of AI rotation, types of services allowed for AI, clinical responsibilities of students, curricular components. Response rate was 50.7% (71/140 LCME accredited schools). All responding institutions require at least one AI for graduation, with nearly all schools integrating students into resident teaching teams, and almost half also allowing AI students to work on hospitalist services. Students carry 3-4 patients per day on average with a maximum of 5-6 in most institutions. Students are responsible for most aspects of patient care including notes, orders, interprofessional communication, and transitions of care. Night call or night float responsibilities are infrequently required. The structured curriculum published by AAIM is used by only 41% of schools. The internal medicine AI continues to be a staple in the medical school experience, but there is variation in the structure, curriculum, and expectations on the rotation. Opportunities exist to improve standardization of the AI experience and expectations to better prepare medical students for the transition from medical school to residency.

Reaping Digital Dividends: The Impact of Supply Chain Finance on Corporate Technological Innovation in China

ABSTRACT As a new type of financial service, supply chain finance closely relates to the production and innovation behaviors of micro-size enterprises. This research thus explores whether and how supply chain finance affects corporate technological innovation. Using a sample of China’s A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2020, the results show that (1) supply chain finance significantly enhances the technological innovation of enterprises; (2) the beneficial effect of supply chain finance on enterprises’ cooperative innovation is more pronounced compared to that on independent innovation; (3) mechanism tests find that supply chain finance promotes enterprise innovation by alleviating financing constraints and adjusting supply chain relationships; and (4) this promotion effect is stronger for private enterprises, small-scale enterprises, in west regions, and for regions with a high level of digital financial development. Our empirical results thus enrich the literature, provide insights into the optimization of supply chain finance development, and can help improve the financial regulatory framework.

Community health services in European literature: A systematic review of their features, outcomes, and nursing contribution to care.

To meet the population's needs, community care should be customized and continuous, adequately equipped, and monitored. Considering their fragmented and heterogeneous nature, a summary of community healthcare services described in European literature is needed. The aim of this study was to summarize their organizational models, outcomes, nursing contribution to care, and nursing-related determinants of outcomes. A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase in October 2022 and October 2023 (for updated results). Quantitative studies investigating the effects of community care, including nursing contribution, on patient outcomes were included and summarized. Reporting followed the PRISMA checklist. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022383856). Twenty-three studies describing six types of community care services were included, which are heterogeneous in terms of target population, country, interventions, organizational characteristics, and investigated outcomes. Heterogeneous services' effects were observed for access to emergency services, satisfaction, and compliance with treatment. Services revealed a potential to reduce rehospitalizations of people with long-term conditions, frail or older persons, children, and heart failure patients. Models are mainly multidisciplinary and, although staffing and workload may also have an impact on provided care, this was not enough investigated. Community health services described in European literature in the last decade are in line with population needs and suggest different suitable models and settings according to different care needs. Community care should be strengthened in health systems, although the influence of staffing, workload, and work environment on nursing care should be investigated by developing new management models. Community care models are heterogeneous across Europe, and the optimum organizational structure is not clear yet. Future policies should consider the impact of community care on both health and economic outcomes and enhance nursing contributions to care.

Conflicts of interest in the hiring of non-audit services provided by audit firms: are the anti-conflict corporate policies adopted in Brazil adequate?

The present study analyzed the policies and procedures adopted to prevent conflicts of interest situations in Brazilian publicly traded companies that hired the same audit firm to perform both the financial statement audit and other types of non-audit services in the fiscal year 2020. Using content analysis technique, the study examined information available in the Management Reports for the year ended December 2020. which are mandatory disclosures to the market, and in the Policies for Hiring Non-Audit Services of their Independent Auditors valid in the year 2020. optionally submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The observed results suggest a low level of detail in the information provided by companies, as most use standardized and concise texts in their respective Management Reports. Through best practices, it is noted that the Policies for Hiring Non-Audit Services of their Independent Auditors in the majority of analyzed companies identify the Audit Committee as responsible for service contracts. Some companies include a list of prohibited services and establish percentage limits for non-audit services to be provided. As a contribution, the study aimed to outline the policies adopted by companies in response to regulatory requirements and highlight some existing evidence in the disclosed information.

A perspective on the Center for Open Science (COS) preprint servers

Preprints, which are non-peer-reviewed documents that are typically precursors of peer-reviewed papers, or as open access archival forms of published papers (post-prints), are increasingly becoming part of the publishing open access culture. Preprints have been lauded as a rapid form of publication, but for them to be useful and reliable sources of information, they and information pertaining to them (e.g., bibliometric indicators) need to be effectively managed by the servers where they are hosted. In recent years, a number of new preprint servers have emerged. One type of preprint server is owned by publishers, while another is ownership or financial support by philanthropic organizations This paper focuses on one case of the latter type. In 2016, the Virginia, US-based, philanthropically-funded Center for Open Science (COS) launched three preprint services (engrXiv, PsyArXiv, SocArXiv) and started Open Science Framework (OSF) Preprints in 2017. The latter was used as a “template” service to attract thematically-linked communities of academics that also wished to have their own preprint servers. In June 2024, COS listed 29 preprint servers, although 14 of them have ceased publication or hosting of preprints by COS / OSF. One reason may be due to the commercialization of the COS / OSF “template” service, which charges preprint managers an annual fee based on the volume of preprints published annually. In the light of the 14 preprint servers that are no longer hosted at or by COS / OSF, this paper briefly discusses the financial sustainability and information stability of preprint servers, which mostly allow authors to publish preprints for free. Authors’ preprints are usually screened by fairly superficial screening and moderation processes, and it is not unusual to find opaquely or “silently” deleted preprints from preprint servers, including those of COS/OSF. Given that this organization is a well-funded leader of the open science movement, greater transparency is required regarding its own funding, operations, and management, as well as a more frank and an open debate regarding the ethical limitations associated with preprints.

Public Services: A Satisfaction Survey of Dumai City Hospital Services

Public service is a frequently discussed issue in Indonesia. However, when it comes to execution, local governments as service providers must consider a variety of factors. Regarding the government-owned regional hospital services that have been operating. One of them is monitoring the public satisfaction index for the services provided by Dumai city hospital. With the expectation that the findings may help policymakers at the regional hospital enhance future services. This article is intended to assess public satisfaction with the services offered by Dumai city hospital. The study used a quantitative technique measuring the Community Satisfaction Index established by the Regulation of the minister of state apparatus empowerment and bureaucratic reform of the republic of Indonesia number 14 of 2017 concerning guidelines for compiling public satisfaction surveys of public service provider units. There are nine items that are measured: requirement, systems mechanisms and procedures, time to completion, fees/rates, product specification type of service, officer behavior, competence of service officers, handling, complaints, suggestions and input, facilities and infrastructure. The study's population represents the entire community that has received services. The sample size was determined using the accidental sampling technique with 100 respondents. A questionnaire has been used for collecting the data required. The research study found that the community satisfaction index was 80.75, and the assessment category service satisfaction was good.