Type Of Rhinosinusitis Research Articles

Analysis of Microbiota and Mycobiota in Fungal Ball Rhinosinusitis: Specific Interaction between Aspergillus fumigatus and Haemophilus influenza?

Fungal ball (FB) rhinosinusitis (RS) is the main type of non-invasive fungal RS. Despite positive direct examination (DE) of biopsies, culture remains negative in more than 60% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance/efficacy of targeted metagenomics (TM) to analyze microbiota and mycobiota in FB and find microbial associations. Forty-five sinus biopsies from patients who underwent surgery for chronic RS were included. After DE and culture, DNA was extracted, then fungal ITS1–ITS2 and bacterial V3–V4 16S rDNA loci were sequenced (MiSeqTM Illumina). Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were defined via QIIME and assigned to SILVA (16S) and UNITE (ITS) databases. Statistical analyses were performed using SHAMAN. Thirty-eight patients had FB and seven had non-fungal rhinosinusitis (NFRS). DE and culture of FB were positive for fungi in 97.3 and 31.6% of patients, respectively. TM analysis of the 38 FB yielded more than one fungal genus in 100% of cases, with Aspergillus in 89.5% (34/38). Haemophilus was over-represented in FB with >1000 reads/sample in 47.3% (18/38) compared to NFRS (p < 0.001). TM allowed fungal identification in biopsies with negative culture. Haemophilus was associated with FB. Pathogenesis could result from fungi–bacteria interactions in a mixed biofilm-like structure.

Regional prevalence of different types of sinusitis at a tertiary care centre in Northern India

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of different types of rhinosinusitis in patients attending ENT Department OPD at a tertiary care centre in Ruhelkhand area of Northern India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was done at department of Otorhinolaryngology, RMRI, Bareilly, India, a tertiary-care Teaching hospital. A total number of 39823 patients (22379 females, 17444 males) were included in this study from December 2017 till February 2020. Age range of selected patients was 3 months to 76 years, 3883 patients were having Rhinosinusitis and remaining having other ENT diseases. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; During 27 months period from December 2017 to February 2020, 39823 patients were seen in the OPD and patients were categorized in different disease groups, like chronic suppurative otitis media and acute suppurative otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections, acute and chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Fourth most common disease group was different types of rhinosinusitis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study assessment was done of different ENT patients attending OPD. Chronic rhinosinusitis (46.1%) was the most common type of rhinosinusitis, followed by Acute type (29.7%).&lt;/p&gt;

Eosinophilic Mucin Rhinosinusitis in Iranian Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis is a type of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Diagnosis and treatment of this condition play a significant role in reducing the patients' clinical symptoms. This type of rhinosinusitis has a higher relapse rate, compared to the other types. This disease is more resistant to treatment and more dependent on corticosteroid therapy, compared to the other types of rhinosinusitis. Regarding this, the present study was designed to evaluate the frequency of eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis in patients undergoing sinus surgery in a tertiary referral center and examine some clinical and laboratory characteristics regarding this type of rhinosinusitis. This cross-sectional observational study was performed on patients over the age of 16 years, who were diagnosed with CRS in the otolaryngology clinic of a referral tertiary-level hospital, and were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery. Based on the detection of eosinophilic mucin, the subjects were divided into two groups of eosinophilic mucin and non-eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis (controls). The groups were compared in terms of sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores, Lund-Mackay staging scores, osteitis status, immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, and eosinophilia. In this study, 46 subjects participated, 29 (63%) cases of whom had eosinophilic mucin. The SNOT-22 score and serum IgE level were significantly higher in the eosinophilic mucin group, compared to those in the control group. Osteitis and Lund-Mackay scores were also higher in the eosinophilic mucin group than those in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Patients with eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis showed a more severe clinical involvement. Seemingly, the Iranian patients have a lower and higher frequency of eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis, compared to the patients from the Western countries and East Asia, respectively.

Correlations between Cu, Zn- Superoxide dismutase and Macrophages or MUC5AC in Human Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with eosinophilic infiltration (ECRS) has been noted a severe and intractable type of rhinosinusitis, which is often associated with asthma. Macrophages as well as eosinophilic infiltration have been reported to take part in the processes of severe asthma. Mucus hypersecretion and persistent airway inflammation results from the increased expression of mucin gene (MUC5AC). Oxidants are well known to induce the characteristic features that aggravate asthma. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a cytoprotective enzyme against oxidants, has been extensively studied in airway diseases. From the viewpoint of “One way one disease”, we examined whether SOD could be associated with infiltrating macrophages, MUC5AC and other factors that exacerbate the rhinosinusitis. Methods: Parts of each specimen derived from the nasal polyps of ECRS and chronic rhinosinusitis without eosinophilic infiltration (non-ECRS) were divided and fixed in 10 % phosphate buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, processed routinely and then prepared as semi-thin sections (3.5 μm). We immunohistochemically observed copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) and macrophages by using CD68 and IL-17A as factors that promoteMUC5AC. Results: The mean numbers of macrophages (CD68 positive cells) and IL-17A positive cells in the ECRS were significantly greater than in non-ECRS. The mean percentage of epithelial cells with Cu, Zn-SOD positive reaction in non-ECRS was significantly greater than in ECRS. There were significant negative correlations in all cases between Cu, Zn-SOD and CD 68, IL-17A or MUC5AC. Conclusions: Our study suggests that loss of Cu, Zn-SOD in epithelia of ECRS could increase both IL-17 A and MUC5AC, resulting in the infiltration of macrophages and mucus over production.