Type Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Identification and quantification of physical activity in critically ill burn patients: a feasibility study

BackgroundPhysical activity is essential in burn care to counteract the effects of severe burns and inactivity during hospitalization. However, detailed knowledge of performed physical activities is lacking. This study evaluated the feasibility of a dual accelerometer-based method to assess type, frequency, and duration of physical activity in critically ill burn patients during hospitalization. MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at the burn center of the Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands. Eligible were patients with a total body surface area (TBSA) burned of ≥15% or an indication for intensive care. Patients wore two accelerometers, one on the chest and one on the diagonally opposite thigh. An algorithm converted accelerometer data into type, frequency, and duration of activities common for intensive care patients. An activity diary was used to assess non-wear time and its content, e.g., surgery. ResultsFive patients (20-60 years, 13-31% TBSA burned, LOS 30-65 days) were included. Per patient, 14-49 days (17380-61796min) could be analyzed of which 7%-14% was non-wear time. During wear-time, 86-95% of activities could be identified and quantified. However, processing the data was a labor-intensive process. ConclusionThe dual accelerometer-based method proved feasible for research purposes. For clinical application, further refinement of data-processing is required.

Socio-Economic Determinants of the Physical Activity Intensity in Russia

The study examines the socioeconomic, demographic and health determinants of physical activity intensity in Russia. Using RLMS-HSE (the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics) data for 2021 and indicators of six levels of physical activity intensity, the authors built ordered probit models and calculated average marginal effects for a set of covariates. The independent variables were selected based on the SLOTH microeconomic model describing individual preferences towards physical activity.The ordered probit regression provided empirical support for Meltzer and Jena's theoretical framework, stating that as income increases, with the pronounced substitution effect, the time spent on physical activity decreases, and the intensity of physical activity rises. In our study, the thesis about an increase in intensity with rising income was confirmed for a subsample of men but not women. For women, the intensity was determined by factors such as multiple morbidity and residing outside of Moscow or Saint Petersburg, which were not significant in the regressions for men.The study resulted in several important conclusions. The intensity analysis showed that physician recommendations regarding the type of physical activity should consider patients' workload. For individuals with a busy schedule, recommended types of exercise that require a long time (for example, walking) are not suitable. At the same time, intense workouts (such as tennis or gym classes) can be built into the schedule. There is a need to develop sports infrastructure at workplaces, allowing individuals to allocate time for classes without bearing additional time and monetary costs associated with travel to the location of workouts. As income increases, exercising near the workplace allows an individual to increase the intensity of physical activity without incurring additional time costs

The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue.

The precise molecular processes underlying the complement's activation, which follows exposure to physical stress still remain to be fully elucidated. However, some possible mechanisms could play a role in initiating changes in the complement's activity, which are observed post-exposure to physical stress stimuli. These are mainly based on metabolic shifts that occur in the microenvironment of muscle tissue while performing its function with increased intensity, as well as the adipose tissue's role in sterile inflammation and adipokine secretion. This review aims to discuss the current opinions on the possible link between the complement activation and diet, age, sex, and health disorders with a particular emphasis on endocrinopathies and, furthermore, the type of physical activity and overall physical fitness. It has been indicated that regular physical activity incorporated into therapeutic strategies potentially improves the management of particular diseases, such as, e.g., autoimmune conditions. Moreover, it represents a favorable influence on immunoaging processes. A better understanding of the complement system's interaction with physical activity will support established clinical therapies targeting complement components.

Diets, ergogenic supplements, and microbiota in professional and non-professional athletes

Abstract Background Regular physical activity has significant health benefits and can help prevent and manage non-communicable diseases. Intense exercise during training requires diet modulation to support health and performance. Anaerobic sports require high-protein diets, while aerobic sports prefer high-carbohydrate diets. Two-thirds of adult athletes take dietary supplements, and non-professional athletes also use supplements to enhance their appearance. However, dietary stress and imbalanced use of supplements leads the body to different diseases like gastrointestinal diseases and even multifactorial diseases e.g. cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on the specific nutritional intake, supplementations, types of exercises the microbiota can be influenced positively or negatively. A systematic review meta-analysis and a pilot study were conducted to investigate the role of diet and supplementation about the microbial composition of the gut, under different types and intensities of physical activities. Methods The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Number CRD42024500826). In a pilot study gut microbiota (16S amplicon sequencing), anthropometric data, and information on diet and supplementation, physical activity and sport habits were collected in a sample including professional and non-professional athletes. Results Out of 1318 studies, only 9 met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pilot study’s meta-regression analysis and microbiota analysis highlight the role of physical activity type in changing the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (p = 0.001). Conclusions As gut training becomes more popular among athletes, it is necessary to map interactions between microbiota and different personalized diets, physical activities, and the most popular ergogenic supplements to enhance performance and athletic wellness Key messages • The microbiome can be influenced positively or negatively by the specific dietary intake, types of physical activities and ergogenic supplementations. • To map interactions between microbiota and different diets, physical activities, and popular ergogenic supplements is needed to design new strategies to enhance performance and athletic wellness.

Age-Friendly Street Construction: The Synergy of the Physical Environment in Old Urban Communities in Suzhou

Community streets play a crucial role in promoting healthy aging and encouraging active behaviors among older adults. This study focuses on two types of activities of older adults: walking and social interaction. We explored the relationship between physical environmental factors and different activity types using a multiple linear regression model. Eye-level green visibility (GSVN) was used to represent the diversity of facilities (DFN), while betweenness (ABN) accounted for the mixed degree of functions (PNi), enhancing model stability. The results indicate that community environmental factors, both individually (R2 = 0.390) and in combination (R2 = 0.409), have significant effects on active behaviors. Notably, the combined variable model demonstrated greater stability. Moreover, the model’s explanatory power for social interaction (R2 = 0.567) was much higher than for walking behavior (R2= 0.137), underscoring the stronger influence of combined variables on social engagement. The results suggest that creating age-friendly urban environments requires a holistic approach that improves infrastructure, green visibility, and functional diversity to promote both mobility and social interaction. These insights provide valuable guidance for designing inclusive urban spaces that support active aging.

Bridging Generations Through Movement: “How and Why” Intergenerational Programs Operate—A Systematic and Narrative Review

Well-being and social interaction are among the primary goals to be achieved for the elderly. Intergenerational physical activity (PA) has gained increasing attention due to its potential to encourage PA and social interaction, providing both social and physical benefits to both younger and older individuals. This review aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the potential roles of PA in facilitating intergenerational interactions and provide practical insights. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, the systematic review identified specific keywords to search for articles that met the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria (n. 5 RCT articles, selected between 2009 and 2024), conducted by three independent reviewers. Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science were consulted to identify relevant articles. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. For the narrative dissertation, articles were identified across three key areas of focus: types of PA, age groups, and intended goals. Results: Few studies have specifically implemented PA protocols in intergenerational relationships, and most have planned remote activities without monitoring outcomes. The main advantages of intergenerational PA are oriented towards the social and relational sphere rather than simple PA involvement. Conclusions: For the elderly, these programs may help mitigate age-related deficits, while children and adolescents, when adapting to their older counterparts, experience greater effectiveness when provided with clear guidance during shared activities. Considering the characteristics and needs of individuals of different ages, different activities must be proposed to obtain different results. The organization of workshops and preparatory sessions will help in facilitating relationships and interactions among participants.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle of high school students using the «Fitness Mix» means

The article analyzes the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among high school girls and the role of the "Fitness Mix" methodology in this process. The study explores the use of "Fitness Mix" as an innovative tool for enhancing physical activity levels, improving performance, and promoting overall health among adolescents. It emphasizes how combining different types of physical activities, such as aerobics, strength training, and stretching, can be integrated into physical education classes to achieve comprehensive results. In addition to physical exercises, the article highlights the importance of the theoretical component, which includes principles of healthy eating, regular sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and maintaining mental health. Special attention is given to the analysis of scientific research and practical examples that confirm the effectiveness of using fitness technologies in schools. Alternatives to traditional modular physical education programs are discussed, broadening the opportunities for educating and developing adolescents. The study emphasizes the need to consider individual student characteristics when designing exercise programs, ensuring optimal results and maintaining motivation for regular physical activity. The article also provides recommendations for educators and trainers on implementing «Fitness Mix» into the school curriculum to promote the development of sustainable healthy lifestyle habits among youth. A range of examples is analyzed regarding the combination of different types of physical activity, specifically aerobics, strength exercises, stretching, etc., with an additional focus on important aspects such as healthy eating principles, sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and mental health preservation. The importance of considering the individual characteristics of students when designing exercise programs is underscored.

OPTIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR MAINTAINING HEALTHY SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTIONING IN ADULT ATHLETES WITH T1DM

The article analyzes various types of physical activity to find the best option for maintaining healthy skeletal muscle function in adult athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regular exercise is shown to effectively normalize their condition, while muscle training improves glucose absorption without insulin, significantly increasing muscle sensitivity both during and after exercise. The study highlights that proper blood sugar control and avoiding hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during structured physical activity are crucial for managing insulin-dependent athletes. Exercise effects vary based on the sport, intensity, and individual factors influenced by external and internal conditions. The research stresses setting realistic goals for athletes with T1DM to ensure positive outcomes, focusing on avoiding stress. The study also explores physiological responses to different exercises and offers individual or group training recommendations that balance muscle training, condition management, socialization, and a normal lifestyle.

The relationship between physical activity environment, mental wellbeing, flourishing and thriving: A mixed method study

Research shows that mental wellbeing contributes to a greater quality of life and longevity, superior overall health, life success, and fulfillment. High mental wellbeing, such as flourishing and thriving, is associated with a sense of meaning and purpose, mastery and accomplishment, social connectedness, optimism, and contribution to society. Nature-based physical activity participation has been linked with mental wellbeing enhancement over and above the impact of physical activity alone. The present study sought to address a gap in the research by exploring whether the environment in which physical activity takes place and one’s gender moderate the relationship between activity time and various indices of mental wellbeing. Using a mixed methods design, participants (N = 235) aged 18 to 76 (M = 33.41, SD = 13.41) completed an online survey. We divided participants into three groups based on their preferred type of physical activity: indoor, outdoor non-nature-based, and outdoor nature-based physical activity. The moderation analyses highlight the importance of the environment in physical activity, with outdoor nature-based settings consistently showing positive associations with flourishing and thriving. These findings suggest that engaging in physical activities in natural environments can significantly predict an individual's mental wellbeing, for both males and females. Qualitative data supported the findings and also revealed that nature-based physical activity achieves these benefits through developing positive affect, social closeness and engagement, purpose, enhanced experiences, and interests beyond oneself. Findings from this study demonstrate the importance of nature-based physical activity for mental wellbeing promotion and protection, indicating that opportunities for nature-based physical activity should be more effectively provided, perhaps across multiple domains of life such as education, sport, public health, and urban planning.

Characteristics of physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients undergoing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. In Japan, as hospitalization periods have been shortened due to advances in medical technology and government policies, outpatient rehabilitation focused on lifestyle and physical activity (PA) is becoming increasingly important as hospital stays shorten. This study was aimed to identify patient characteristics that define the different types of PA and sedentary behaviors, and patient factors in 92 Japanese outpatients by using accelerometers. The patients were found to spend considerable time being sedentary (663.7 ± 118.1 min/day) and very little time engaging in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, 25.6 (10.6–43.4) min/day). Regression analysis revealed that the daily duration of sedentary behavior was 64 min longer in men than in women (β = 64.2, 95% CI[12.9, 115], p = 0.015); furthermore, men engaged in 22% less light PA (β = -0.245, 95% CI[-0.388, -0.102], p = 0.001). Additionally, MVPA increased by 43% for every 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) task increase in the anaerobic threshold (AT) (β = 0.367, 95% CI[0.035, 0.698], p = 0.031) but decreased by 3% per year of age(β = -0.035, 95% CI[-0.056, -0.015], p < 0.001). The study also found that body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with walking time (β = -0.039, 95% CI[-0.075, -0.003], p = 0.036), while AT was positively correlated with MVPA (β = 0.367, 95% CI[0.035, 0.698], p = 0.031) but negatively correlated with time above the AT (β = -2.06, 95% CI[-2.53, -1.59], p < 0.001). These results emphasize the importance of customizing rehabilitation programs according to sex, age, BMI, and AT differences. Furthermore, monitoring home activities and providing individualized prescriptions may enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

Return to Physical Activity in Individuals with Surgical Stomas: A Scoping Review.

In surgically treated individuals with surgical stomas, the return to physical activity is an indicator of quality of life that reflects their well-being. With the aim of synthesizing the available evidence regarding the return to physical activity in individuals with surgical stomas, a scoping review was developed following the methodological approach of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews criteria. Searches were conducted in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl, and Lilacs, as well as the meta-search engines TripDatabase and Epistemonikos, using MeSH terms. Included studies were written in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and German, without any limitation on the year of publication. A total of n = 15 studies was included (n = 2 qualitative; n = 2 case reports; n = 1 case series; n = 1 cohort; n = 8 cross-sectional; and n = 1 randomized clinical trial), which showed variability in the quality of the designs. The qualitative studies explored themes such as motivation, beliefs about physical activity, and other lifestyle factors. The case reports described physiological, psychological, and functional implications of returning to physical activity for specific individuals after ostomy surgery. Quantitative studies evaluated the effects of different types of physical activity on quality of life and tolerance to physical activity in these individuals, employing various measurement instruments. In conclusion, the evidence on returning to sports and physical activity after stoma surgery is limited and varied. While studies highlight the importance of social support and self-confidence, they generally lack rigor and primarily focus on adults and oncology patients. There is a need for more research to establish clear guidelines on physical activity type, frequency, and intensity to ensure safe and beneficial outcomes for individuals with stomas.

Exploring Job-Related Factors and Exercise Intentions in Relation to Overall Physical Activity and Its Subdivisions.

This study examined the relationships between job-related factors and overall physical activity (PA), including its subdivisions: leisure-time PA, transportation PA, and work-related PA. Additionally, this study investigated the associations between exercise intentions and different types of PA. A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire to collect data on participants' demographics, job-related characteristics, exercise intentions, and levels of PA. A total of 400 full-time workers voluntarily participated in this study. The findings identified women, white-collar workers, those with longer working hours, and individuals with low exercise intentions as high-risk groups for insufficient overall PA in multiple linear regression analysis. After controlling for covariates, occupation was found to be associated with both overall PA (β = 0.146) and work-related PA (β = 0.236). Shift workers exhibited higher levels of work-related PA (β = 0.234). Furthermore, exercise intentions showed associations with overall PA (β = 0.243), leisure-time PA (β = 0.523), and transportation PA (β = 0.176) but did not demonstrate a significant relationship with work-related PA. This study highlights the importance of implementing comprehensive approaches in workplace health promotion programs aimed at enhancing various types of PA. Strategies should focus on improving exercise intentions to boost leisure-time and transportation PA, while work-related PA requires tailored interventions based on job-specific factors.

Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment in measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift and non-shift workers

BackgroundPrevious studies assessing shift workers’ behaviours have mainly used self-report recall questionnaires, however these measures don’t always account for variations in work schedules. Alternative methods that allow for real-time assessments tailored to capture variations in work patterns might provide more accurate measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), which provides real-time evaluations of PA and SB in shift workers. A secondary aim was to compare shift workers and non-shift worker responses.MethodsParticipants (n = 120; 58% female, mean Mage=36.0), included 69 shift workers and 51 non-shift workers. After downloading the EMA app, shift workers received either interval-contingent tailored (SW-T) or standardized EMA prompts (SW-S) over 7–10 days, while non-shift workers received standardized prompts (NSW-S) for seven days. Prompts were scheduled five times daily, every three hours. The EMA survey asked participants to report their current activity, including type, duration, and location of physical activity and sitting. Feasibility was assessed by analysing recruitment, retention, and compliance rates (EMA surveys completed) across SW-T, SW-S, and NSW-S groups.ResultsApproximately 78% of invited workers enrolled, and all enrolled workers completed at least one prompt on 4 out 7 days in the NSW-S and 7 out of 10 days in the SW group. Workers who chose not to participate reported unwillingness to travel for meetings (n = 14), while others did not respond (n = 20). Participants completed an average of 24 surveys per day, each one taking less than 30 s to complete. Overall, 64% of EMA surveys were started and completed. SW-S completed the least prompts (57%), while SW-T and NSW-S completed 64% and 68%, respectively (p = 0.90). On average, workers missed 36% EMA surveys which was similar for SW and NSW (p = 0.05).ConclusionOur study represents one of the few studies that has used EMA in the shift work population with adaptation to shift schedules. The findings showed a modest compliance to EMA. Strategies are needed to enhance compliance rates. However, EMA shows promise for capturing real-time behaviours in shift workers’ natural work environments.

The association of mental health with physical activity and its dimensions in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study.

Selecting the most efficient type of physical activity that improves mental health can assist in choosing appropriate interventions. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between physical activity and its various aspects, including weekly physical activity, weekly walking and exercise sessions, and the frequency of walking and exercise per week, with the mental health of Chinese adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Hangzhou (2023) involving 512 adults aged 18 and 64. Each participant received a self-completed questionnaire comprising three sections. The initial section focused on gathering basic information about the participants, such as gender, age, annual income, and marital status. The second section consisted of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which aimed to evaluate the mental health status of the participants. Lastly, the third section included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Version (IPAQ-SV), which assessed the metabolic equivalent (MET) of activities like walking, moderate-intensity exercises, and high-intensity exercises. The study found that mental health problems affected 25.74% of adults, while physical inactivity was prevalent in 49.63% of adults. The statistical model was highly significant (F = 25.143, p < 0.001), suggesting that at least one predictor has a significant impact on mental health. The model accounted for 39% of the variance in mental health, with all variables showing predictive value. Notably, the number of walking days per week emerged as the most influential predictor of mental health (β = -0.392), followed by level of weekly physical activity in MET, the number of exercise training sessions per week, weekly exercise training in MET, and weekly walking in MET (β = -0.312, -0.301, -0.212, and -0.202, respectively). Adults can allocate more days per week to walking and their usual physical activity to improve their mental health.

The effectiveness of secondary-school based interventions on the future physical activity of adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand: a modelling study.

Secondary schools are important settings for promoting varied physical activity (PA) opportunities for adolescents to promote PA throughout life. However, research on the effect of secondary school-based interventions on future PA is limited. This study examined the potential impact of secondary school-based interventions on the determinants of future PA participation of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) adolescents using simulated modelling. We used data from a nationally representative sample of secondary school students (n = 5035) aged 12-17 between 2017 and 2020 in NZ. We modelled four secondary school-based interventions and their projected impact on five determinants of future PA. Modelled interventions were the technological augmentation of physical education (TAPE), a peer-led PA mentoring programme (PL), physically active learning (PAL) and the inclusion of a natural environment play area (NE). Total weekly PA increased the most from the NE intervention (+ 0.2h/week), followed by TAPE (+ 0.08h/week), PAL (+ 0.05h/week) and PL (-0.06h/week). Current number of PA settings increased the most in NE (+ 1.75 settings/week), followed by TAPE (+ 1.29 settings/week), PAL (+ 1.21 settings/week) and PL (+ 0.73 settings/week). Current number of PA types increased the most in NE (+ 1.57 types/week), followed by PL (+ 1.05 types/week), TAPE (+ 0.34 types/week) and PAL (+ 0.15 types/week). Physical literacy scores increased the most from PL (+ 3.6%), followed by PAL (+ 3.3%), TAPE (+ 0.43%) and NE (+ 0.12%). Social support scores increased the most from PAL (+ 5%), followed by PL (+ 1.9%), TAPE (+ 1.46%) and NE (+ 0.57%). On average, all interventions benefitted determinants of future PA participation to a small degree. Results show differing magnitudes of the intervention effect by determinant, indicating the complexities surrounding the promotion of PA adherence. Future interventions could be improved through detailed consultation alongside, and involving, adolescents and stakeholders within schools. Researchers should also prioritise the collection of longitudinal PA data and explore its connection with sociodemographic differences between adolescents.

8137 Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Dominican Children With Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract Disclosure: L.D. Rojas Rodríguez: None. M.J. Mateo Pérez: None. L.C. López Sención: None. V.T. San Martin: None. A. Grullón: None. Background: Overweight and obesity can be detrimental to the health of children with congenital heart disease, potentially leading to or contributing to other chronic medical conditions such as hypertension. This, in turn, may increase the cardiovascular demands of these patients whose lives are already affected by a defective heart anatomy. Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Dominican children with congenital heart disease. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease attending the Pediatric Cardiology Department at Children's Hospital (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic), from July to December 2022. The study population was classified into categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight or obesity using the CDC Body Mass Index-for-age growth chart (2022), based on their age, weight, height, and sex. The parents of the patients were interviewed to gather information about their children’s medical history, as well as their diet type and level of physical activity. Diet type was assessed through a questionnaire about daily meals; diets in which processed foods and simple carbohydrates were predominant were categorized as unhealthy, while those with a predominance of proteins and complex carbohydrates were categorized as healthy. Physical activity levels were measured using the Assessment of Physical Activity Level Questionnaire (APALQ). Additionally, blood pressure values were categorized as normal or elevated/high based on the American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2017). Results: A total of 84 patients with congenital heart disease were analyzed, with 11.9% (10/84) categorized as having overweight and 23.8% (20/84) categorized as having obesity. Among patients with overweight or obesity, unhealthy eating habits predominated in 66.7% (20/30), while a sedentary level of physical activity was reported in 56.7% (17/30). Additionally, among patients with overweight or obesity, 36.7% (11/30) had elevated/high blood pressure. Conclusion: About one-third of Dominican patients with congenital heart disease were found to have overweight or obesity. Additionally, about one-third of those with excess weight were found to have elevated/high blood pressure. These findings stress the need for urgent implementation of personalized interventions and educational programs focused on fostering healthier lifestyles. The ultimate goal is to reduce cardiovascular risks and improve the overall well-being of children living with congenital heart disease. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Association of Physical Activity with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mediation of Frailty: Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

The existence of an association between physical activity (PA) and asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been confirmed in observational studies. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal whether there is a risk-effect relationship between physical activity and asthma and COPD through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) analyses were performed to examine the associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), accelerometer-assessed physical activity (AA), and strenuous exercise or other exercise (SSOE) with asthma and COPD. The methods of analysis were dominated by Inverse Variance-Weighted (IVW), Weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger methods. In addition, multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were performed to correct the effects of four types of physical activity on asthma and COPD. Finally, potential mediating effect relationships were identified through mediation analyses. The results of Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis showed that SSOE could reduce the risk of asthma and COPD(asthma: OR=0.15,95% CI=0.04-0.58, P=0.006; COPD: OR=0.05, 95% CI=0.01-0.33, P=0.002). The results of the Multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis showed that SSOE was still able to reduce the risk of asthma and COPD after adjusting for the effects of different types of physical activity(asthma: 95% CI=-2.77--0.31, P=0.014; COPD: 95% CI=-4.00--0.50, P=0.012). Mediation analyses showed that frailty intervened in the causal relationship between physical activity and asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SSOE is a protective factor for asthma and COPD in the European population, while frailty plays a mediating role.

Physical Activity Elements and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Guangdong (PEAKING) project: protocol for a prospective cohort study

IntroductionPhysical inactivity is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most previous studies have relied on subjective questionnaires to assess levels of physical activity...

Starting Physical Activity From Scratch is Never Easy

Physical activity is a powerful intervention that addresses physiologic and functional changes stemming from age, pathology, as well as recovery from injury and illness. However, only 9% of older adults complete the recommended amounts and types of physical activity weekly. This article provides a step-by-step process for initiating a physical activity program with individuals who are starting from a baseline of little to no activity. In addition, this article reviews quantifying baseline levels of physical activity, identifying what matters most, determining readiness to perform physical activity, developing goals, creating an action plan, addressing barriers, assessing self-efficacy, and follow-up for challenges.

The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities.

We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival. This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions. Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries. To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.