Multimedia Types Research Articles

Other-self similarity, motivation, emotion, and learning

BackgroundEffort investment is a critical component of learning and can be influenced by social comparisons, motivation, and emotion. AimsThe current research investigated to what extent social comparisons and multimedia type associate with learning performance, as well as motivation and emotion, while controlling for spatial ability. SamplesParticipants were 129 (Study 1) and 138 (Study 2) female undergraduate students. MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to study groups that received different visual interventions and multimedia types. The visual interventions showing learning progress in terms of effort were the same for both studies. However, in Study 2, the visual interventions with social comparison information also included textual other-self similarity information. ResultsStudy 1 showed no significant main effects of the visual interventions or multimedia type on task performance. As expected, spatial ability was associated with task performance. Motivation declined over time in all study groups. While Study 2 also showed no significant main effects, spatial ability did not covary with task performance. Motivation and emotion increased over time in all study groups except for the control group. These findings suggest that other-self similarity information is associated with motivation and emotion, as well as learning outcomes independent of spatial ability. ConclusionsThe research offers unique empirical evidence of the influence of effort feedback when accompanied by other-self similarity information on motivational-affective consequences and cognitive performance.

Guidelines to support the design, and selection and appraisal of multimedia teaching aids for microbiology education.

Microbiology education has a serious handicap - the lack of visibility of the players of the subject and their interactions - which engenders a disproportionate reliance upon multimedia teaching aids (MTAs). The International Microbiology Literacy Initiative (IMiLI) is creating educational resources in societally-relevant microbiology complemented by appropriate MTAs. However, proper guidance supporting microbiology educators in locating and selecting, or commissioning the creation of, adequate MTAs for different target audiences and learning objectives is lacking. The aims of this study were to (i) identify important considerations regarding educational/didactical standards and the design of educational multimedia and (ii) create an evidence-based guideline for selecting and appraising existing, and informing the creation of new, microbiology MTAs. This investigation is based on an exploratory, mixed-methods approach. The results of two literature reviews (covering educational and good practice multimedia design) informed the collation of a preliminary appraisal guideline for videos, animations, comics, and video games. A web-scraping approach was utilised to locate and retrieve existing exemplars of the four multimedia types and create four pertinent multimedia databases (including metadata). The preliminary guideline was piloted (and revised accordingly) by appraising quasi-random (or purposive) samples of each multimedia type. Educational multimedia experts were interviewed to discuss the findings. Finally, the guideline was updated to reflect the expert comments together with the results of the pilot appraisals. The final guideline has four components: (i) central considerations for selecting and appraising multimedia for specific audiences and educational purposes, (ii) multimedia selection tool, (iii) multimedia appraisal tools, and (iv) extensive background information as appendices linking all sections for further comprehension. Broad utilisation of the guideline has significant potential for simplifying and systematising multimedia selection/creation, leading to superior multimedia-based learning outcomes, establishing a rapid selection database (pre-appraised multimedia), reducing disparities in microbiology education and incentivising educational content creators.

STUDENTS PREFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA MATERIALS FOR EXTENSIVE LISTENING ACTIVITY

One of English language skills that widely use multimedia as a teaching medium is listening skills. This is because the most prominent teaching media for this skill is audio media. Meanwhile, audio media can be easily obtained in types of multimedia that have audio and visual elements such as videos, films, songs, games, etc. Apart from these two elements, other elements such as text and images are often found also in multimedia used in teaching listening skills. Teaching extensive listening skills in particular makes extensive use of multimedia in the teaching process. The aim of this research is to determine the type of multimedia chosen by students in extensive listening practice, and explain their reasons for choosing certain type of multimedia. This research use literature review design using content analysis to analyze data from the references. There are three steps applied in the content analysis process, namely data reduction, data display, and verification. Among the five multimedia listening materials used, film clips and documentaries are the materials that are always chosen, while songs are the materials that are least often chosen for extensive listening activities.

Three-Dimensional Science Animation Implementation and Spatial Ability for Science Concept Reconstruction: A Gender-Based Education Study

Spatial abilities are essential to individual life and development, but gender differences in these abilities, especially in multimedia learning, are of concern. This research aims to examine the influence of gender and type of multimedia on learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (IPA) while still controlling for the influence of spatial abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. The research sample consisted of 164 students. Data were collected through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) techniques using SPSS software. Data analysis was conducted using the MANCOVA technique to test the influence of the independent variables (gender and type of multimedia) on the dependent variable (science learning outcomes) by controlling spatial ability as a covariate. Spatial ability has an overall significant influence on science learning outcomes. Boys consistently performed better than girls in all learning tasks, regardless of multimedia type. Girls also tend to prefer 3D learning media to understand science concepts. This research provides empirical evidence about the separate gender effects of spatial ability when learning using 2D static learning multimedia and 3D animation. The implication is that educational policymakers can pay attention to differences in gender preferences when choosing multimedia learning types to increase the effectiveness of science learning.

Effects and prediction of cognitive load on encoding model of brain response to auditory and linguistic stimuli in educational multimedia

Multimedia is extensively used for educational purposes. However, certain types of multimedia lack proper design, which could impose a cognitive load on the user. Therefore, it is essential to predict cognitive load and understand how it impairs brain functioning. Participants watched a version of educational multimedia that applied Mayer’s principles, followed by a version that did not. Meanwhile, their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Subsequently, they participated in a post-test and completed a self-reported cognitive load questionnaire. The audio envelope and word frequency were extracted from the multimedia, and the temporal response functions (TRFs) were obtained using a linear encoding model. We observed that the behavioral data are different between the two groups and the TRFs of the two multimedia versions were different. We saw changes in the amplitude and latencies of both early and late components. In addition, correlations were found between behavioral data and the amplitude and latencies of TRF components. Cognitive load decreased participants’ attention to the multimedia, and semantic processing of words also occurred with a delay and smaller amplitude. Hence, encoding models provide insights into the temporal and spatial mapping of the cognitive load activity, which could help us detect and reduce cognitive load in potential environments such as educational multimedia or simulators for different purposes.

Application of personalized recommendation algorithm based on Sensor networks in Chinese multimedia teaching system

The development of modern educational methods and educational technology has promoted the development of Chinese language teaching, and this teaching method has many advantages over traditional teaching. In order to extend and develop the teaching of Chinese language majors, this article designs a multimedia type system based on Chinese language teaching by combining data mining technology and recommendation algorithms. This system requires the use of a series of related technologies in the application process, the core of which is data mining technology. This article analyzes this system from different research perspectives and considers it from the user's perspective to improve and optimize the information resource library. And according to the needs of some users for the Chinese language multimedia system, the functions were added. Finally, the relevant experimental data was weighted and the final results were obtained. It was found that it can greatly improve the efficiency of the original teaching system. After experimental comparison, it was found that the improved teaching system can quickly complete some teaching tasks, improve overall work efficiency, and lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the subsequent establishment of a Chinese language multimedia teaching system.

Pemanfaatan Multimedia pada Edukasi untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Transplantasi Ginjal

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of multimedia in education in improving compliance and quality of life of kidney transplant patients. The method used in writing this article is literature review on three databases ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect using the keywords multimedia, education, adherence AND 'quality of life' and 'kidney transplantation’. The results of a review show that the types of multimedia that can be used in education include animated videos, applications and artificial intelligence chatbots. The conclusion of this study is that the use of multimedia in education effectively improves adherence and quality of life for kidney transplant patients. However, the use of multimedia in education must consider accessibility, the elderly population and patients with visual and/or cognitive impairments. Keywords : Education, Adherence, Quality of life, Multimedia, Kidney transplantation

AESN: A Database of Human Eyes, Noses, and Mouths for Person Identification or Facial Expression Recognition

In this paper, we have constructed AESN, a database for regions of human faces. AESN is an improved dataset of human eyes, noses, and mouths that are clipped from facial photos. It was constructed to identify people, in addition to recognizing expressions of individuals. This database was collected from several resources, some from the Internet, and others taken by our cameras. We have got it through several types of multimedia, either directly from pictures or by extracting frames from videos. The purpose for needing a dataset for eyes was due to the emergence of the Corona pandemic, which obligated people to wear masks. In our work, we need AESN during developing a monitoring system to increase their ability to discover the identity of people through the eyes area only. It was considered a great challenge due to the loss of a large part of the face. We have accomplished promising results when using AESN images in our studies. In addition to the eyes, the remaining parts of the face (nose and mouth) have many interests due to the diversity of the shape of the nose, which mainly serves medical applications and the gestures that occur in the mouth as a result of emotional reflections that help us clarify the emotional state of the person, as well as helping researchers in finding biometrics features for recognition systems.

Successful examples of asynchronous teaching in Polish interactive remote medical education

A thorough theoretical and practical preparation is crucial in the education of medical professionals. Present-day knowledge recipients expect a broad range of multimedia and interactive resources in the consumed media. The article discusses examples of such implementations for the nationwide education of a pharmacy technician, massage technician, medical sterilization technician, and occupational therapy technician. These examples were created for the Integrated Education Platform of the Ministry of Education and Science in Poland, as part of an EU-funded project. This study delineates the characteristics of e-materials, such as instructional and educational videos, film sequences, scenario-based learning games, interactive documentation, 3D animations, simulators and virtual tours. We prepared a learner benefit analysis based on the e-materials discussed. We aimed to formulate recommendations and guidelines for designing and developing multimedia and interactive resources, paying special attention to educational values and content for the medical industry. Regardless of the type of multimedia, profession and content, materials should prioritize realism, interactivity and detailed presentation of the situations/cases. The same multimedia rarely achieve different learning objectives and learning outcomes. To design and produce high-quality multimedia, it is necessary to know their characteristics and to work with a team of subject matter experts experienced in e-learning development.

Exploring the diversified teaching mode of vocal singing in colleges and universities by integrating audio-visual and multi-sensory senses

Abstract In this paper, starting from the fusion of audio-visual multisensory vocal music feature representation, the RAE algorithm is used to represent the music lyrics text in vocal singing teaching. Due to the heterogeneity of the feature space of the audio modality and the lyrics modality, which makes it exceptionally tricky to directly mine the correlation between these two modalities, it is necessary to optimize the research through the fusion of the audio and the textual modality for the representation of the implicit space of the music. According to the SVM’s optimal classification, hyperplane is not limited by the data dimension. Combined with the kernel function parameters and emotional LFSM fusion, a visual multisensory vocal singing teaching emotion model based on SVM is constructed. The parameter environment and dataset are selected, and the comparison method and evaluation criteria are determined to analyze emotional research on vocal singing teaching in colleges and universities. The results show that in terms of model performance, the SVM model in this paper is 8.5% higher than model 6, reaching the highest 0.873, with stronger emotion extraction and recognition ability, greatly improving the emotion classification results of the model. The multimedia type of audio singing material is the least helpful for expression and physical performance in vocal singing teaching, with a total value of 67. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the emotional changes of students in teaching activities so as to identify problems, improve and optimize them, and give more students guidance and support in performing vocal singing.

Video Steganography

Video Steganography is an extension of image steganography where any kind of file in any extension is hidden into the digital video. It is art of hiding secret data in a non-secret digital carrier called cover media. Data exchange occurs with a variety of purpose, ranging from sharing information or just basic communication between people. Data exchanges that occurs every day make data traffic busier. Data theft is made even easier by utilizing the large number of message sender and the busy data traffic. One popular method used to secure data is steganography method. In this research, End of File steganography method is successfully implemented in the various types of multimedia, namely image, audio, and video. this method provides the effect of increasing the size then it is advisable to use video because generally, video size is always larger than image size because it contains image and audio in one file at a time. Keywords- Data Exchange; Steganography; Multimedia; Security

Timeline Binder: A Caption-based Approach for Creating Semantic Video Timeline

Video is an important type of multimedia which has myriad characteristics such as richer content and little prior structure. Major applications such as surveillance, medicine, education, entertainment, and sports heavily use videos. Internet protocol video is dominating the World’s Internet traffic. Large number of videos are made and uploaded daily. Looking for topics of one’s interest in these videos is a cumbersome task. Mostly, people are only interested in small portions of videos as opposed to the whole video. It is better to look for small but related segments of interest. Our proposed system Timeline Binder is an attempt to tackle this problem. For Timeline Binder, we have created our own dataset of online videos with subtitles. Based on those subtitles’ files, a concept vector is obtained. If a concept vector has a match for a user’s query tag, then timed segments for all related videos to that matched concept in the concept vector are combined into a single timeline thus making all related segments into a single video. In this research, we present performance measurements between Timeline Binder and other available applications such as Google2SRT and NR8. The results show that Timeline Binder performs better than Google2SRT and NR8.

Ilustrando el aprendizaje de vocabulario a través de los sitios web educativos

Introducción The web is a great medium of communication and is well suited to shorter documents with lots of links. The Web is not good for very long documents that need to present an ever-evolving argument. Some of the Internet technologies for the development and use of Websites are grouped in Web 2.0 tools. Which are a set of interaction mechanisms with visitors to a website where programmers offer new services on the sites, achieving greater interactivity to enable the formation of virtual communities. Educaplay is a platform for the creation of multimedia educational activities, characterized by attractive and professional results. Is aimed at creating a community of users with a vocation to learn and teach while having fun. The platform provides various possibilities for teaching professionals to install their own online educational space on the platform, where everyone can take classes to another level of participation. In addition, this application allows teachers to create different types of multimedia and interactive activities with educational orientation, through different scenarios such as Riddles, Complete, Crossword, Dialogue, Dictation, Order letters, Order words, Test. Objetivos To identify the importance of Educational Websites (Educaplay) for teaching vocabulary. Método The research was important to take into account and consider the different types of resources such as technical, technological, and human. Technical resources, books, articles, and online theses from the Universidad Técnica de Ambato repository, among others, were used to obtain the necessary information and guide the research. On the other hand, to apply the first variable were used some technological resources like computers, smartphones, and Educational websites (Educaplay). Then, to measure the second variable the Reading and Writing Part of Flyers Cambridge exam was chosen . Finally, in terms of human resources, there were 22 students from Unidad Educativa Sagrada Familia in 9th grade “A” of EGB, of which 12 students were women and 10 were men. This research was also based on a qualitative approach. It was qualitative because a series of interventions and observation techniques were carried out on the Educational Websites (Educaplay) and the influence on vocabulary teaching. Principales resultados The test that was applied consists of 3 parts. The first part comprised a dialogue between two people in which students completed multiple selection questions. The second part was about a gap-fill activity in which students chose an appropriate word to complete sentences. The third part featured a variety of sentences in which students had to read and choose the appropriate word that defines it. The rubric used allowed the students to obtain a score of 2.5 out of 2.5 points, for parts 1 and 2, on the other hand, in part 3 the students were able to obtain a score of 5 points. The student could obtain a maximum score of 10 points at the end of the test. For the analysis and interpretation of the results, a series of tables and graphs were prepared, which allowed a better understanding. These tables show the average result of each part that was evaluated in both the pre-test and the post-test. Conclusiones The use of this educational website (Educaplay) contributed to the development of abilities and skills, achieving a better understanding of vocabulary. The vocabulary level of students was reflected in the pre-test (A2 Flyers) taken at the beginning of the process. The overall percentage obtained was 5.23 out of 10 points which means that they had a medium level. This evidenced that the students had shortcomings in their vocabulary, they could not identify the meaning of some words that were unknown to them and that at their level they should have known. The results of the post-test were obtained to later infer that the use of educational websites for the English language had a significant impact on student’s learning. The percentage that students obtained was 9.59. As it can be seen, the score was high and that means that they improved their vocabulary level. Therefore, the use of educational websites is an important factor in the development of vocabulary skills in students.

Interactive Multimedia Research Trends in Higher Education: A Review of Assisted Literature NVivo 12 Pro

The rapid use of technology in lecture activities, especially the use of interactive multimedia since the pandemic conditions and until now, has attracted researchers to comprehensively analyze patterns of interactive multimedia utilization. This study aims to provide information on the pattern of interactive multimedia utilization and its development to date. The research method adopted a qualitative design, through a review of various studies from 2020 to 2023, and a literature search using the free Publish or Perish program. Further reduction and screening processes were carried out using the PRISMA method. The final results of the articles that have been selected are then mapped and codified with NVivo Pro 12 program, including the development and use of interactive multimedia in universities. In the development of interactive multimedia in the university, literature is grouped into forms of interactive multimedia and tools in designing interactive multimedia. The use of interactive multimedia in institutions is grouped into two, including the types of interactive multimedia used and how the impact of the use of interactive multimedia on lecture activities. Results obtained 1) Multimedia forms developed in universities include E-modules, Software, Websites, Android applications, Autoplay, Classpoint, E-learning, and tutorial models; 2) equipment in designing interactive multimedia including Kwisoft Flopbook Maker, live streaming, Macromedia Flash, Microsoft Way, Moodle, Adobe Flash Professional CS6.5, App Inventor 2, Autocad, Power Point, and Courselab 2.4; 3) types of interactive multimedia used in learning activities in universities include Android applications, Macromedia Flash, Lectora Inspire software, Adobe Flash, Adobe Premiere, and E-learning; 4) The effect of interactive multimedia on lecture activities can increase interest or motivation, also have an impact on student achievement.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Implementasi User Interface Pada Multimedia Interaktif E-Komik

In order to facilitate effective communication between system users and developers, the prototype was designed to provide a common perception and initial understanding of the user interface's fundamental processes. Learning media now includes a variety of multimedia types, starting with graphic images and animated videos and moving on to sound, images, and text. Particularly learning media as computerized comics.

A New Dataset for Forged Smartphone Videos Detection: Description and Analysis

The advancement of Internet technology has significantly impacted daily life, which is influenced by digital videos taken with smartphones as the most popular type of multimedia. These digital videos are extensively sent through various social media websites such as WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The development of intelligent and simple editing tools has favoured the transformation of multimedia content on the Internet. As a result, these digital videos’ credibility, reliability, and integrity have become critical concerns. This paper presents a video forgery (Copy-move forgery) dataset in which 250 original videos are manipulated mainly by two forgery techniques: Insertion and Deletion. Inserting transparent objects into the original video without raising suspicion is one type of manipulation performed. Another type of forgery presented on the dataset is the removal of objects from the original video without notifying the viewers. The videos were collected from five different mobile devices, namely, IPhone 8 Plus, Nokia 5.4, Samsung A50, Xiomi Redmi Note 9 Pro and Huawei Y9-1. The forged videos were created using a popular video editing software called Adobe After Effects as well as usage of other software such as Adobe Photoshop and AfterCodecs. Since the source of the videos is known, PRNU-based methods can be suitable for applying to the dataset. Experiments were performed using classical and deep learning methods. The results are recorded and discussed in detail, showing that improvements are essential for the dataset. Furthermore, the forged videos of this dataset are comparatively large when compared to other datasets that performed copy-move forgery.

Fast colored video encryption using block scrambling and multi-key generation

Multimedia information usage is increasing with new technologies such as the Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data processing. Video is one of the most widely used types of multimedia. Videos are played and transmitted over different networks in many IoT applications. Consequently, securing videos during transmission over various networks is necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the video's content. The existing securing schemes have limitations in terms of high resource consumption and high processing time, which are not liable to IoT devices with limited resources in terms of processor size, memory, time, and power consumption. This paper proposed a new encryption scheme for securing the colored videos. The video frames are extracted, and then, the frame components (red, green, and blue) are separated and padded by zero. Then, every frame component (channel) is split into blocks of different sizes. Then, the scrambled blocks of a component are obtained by applying a zigzag scan, rotating the blocks, and randomly changing the blocks' arrangements. Finally, a secret key produced from a chaotic logistic map is used to encrypt the scrambled frame component. Security analysis and time complexity are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in encrypting the colored videos. The results reveal that the proposed scheme has high-level security and encryption efficiency. Finally, a comparison between the proposed scheme and existing schemes is performed. The results confirmed that the proposed scheme has additional encryption efficiency.

RESEARCH EFFICIENCY OF STEGANOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS IN EMBEDDING OR EXTRACTING HIDDEN INFORMATION

The performance indicators multiservice telecommunication networks based on the architectural concept of the next Next Generation Network (NGN) and Future Networks (FN) are analyzed, using promising steganographic methods, algorithms and technologies that support a wide range cryptographic strength. As a criterion for complex indicators of the effectiveness steganographic systems, both the throughput of the covert channel, the channel utilization factor, and the probabilistic-temporal characteristics are chosen. The issues constructing covert channels, taking into account the length service packets for transmitting covert data, are considered. As a result of the study, a new approach to the construction of a mathematical model (MM) of the bandwidth steganographic systems as a communication system is proposed, which is based on the entropy approach. On the basis of the model, complex indicators effectiveness steganographic systems are studied, taking into account the parameters of the threat and stability of steganosystems. On the basis MM, the maximum throughput of a covert channel is investigated, taking into account the informative characteristics of steganographic systems. Analytical expressions have been obtained to evaluate the complex indicators steganographic systems for hiding data transmitted over communication channels when embedding and when extracting data with the necessary parameters. A numerical analysis was carried out and a graphical dependence of the maximum throughput of a covert channel on the channel utilization factor was plotted for a given system speed. Based on the results obtained, one can judge the effectiveness of modern steganographic systems in embedding and extracting hidden multimedia type data in packet-switched communication networks.

Penggunaan Pembelajaran ICT dalam Pelajaran PAI di MA Nihayatul Amal Rawamerta Karawang

Technology in this digital era has become a very important study in teaching and learning activities in schools. So from now on, educators in schools need to be equipped with information and communication technology that will support the course of learning in e-learning in the future. Educational institutions strive to produce human resources who master the demands of the times, of course, know science and technology better and have professional qualities in their fields. Leads to Information and Communication Technology or what is called technology related to data retrieval, collection and storage and distributing it to a human audience which is presented in the form of software or other printed magazines. The purpose of this paper is to find out how proficient the teacher's activities at the Nihayatul Amal school are when using ICT learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects for students studying at school. To answer the problem, the researcher uses a literature study with qualitative research methods with a library research approach and is combined with the Filed Research approach, so that data collection uses observational studies and interviews so that the collected data is complementary to one another. The results obtained from this study are that ICT-based learning emphasizes the development of abilities (competencies) using multimedia in the learning process with certain standards so that the results can be felt directly by students. When viewed from the implementation, the ICT-based PAI learning process carried out at the Nihayatul Amal MA Rawamerta Karawang has been running and scheduled well. Based on the observations made by the researchers, the teacher was disciplined in teaching and the students were diligent in following the lesson. The ICT-based PAI learning process at SMP Negeri 2 Semarang has several components that must be fulfilled, namely learning planning, learning implementation, learning methods, types of multimedia or ICT use, learning methods and evaluation.

No Negative Effects of Reading on Screen on Comprehension of Narrative Texts Compared to Print: A Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT While some argue digital reading media may impair text comprehension, the empirical literature is ambiguous, in particular when it comes to the reading of narrative texts. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic meta-analysis of studies exploring the effect of screen reading media on reading comprehension of narrative texts was conducted (k = 32, N = 2239). Multimedia and interactive functions in general, the type of multimedia and interactive functions, the change in effect over time, and the type of digital reading device (computer, e-reader, and tablet) were explored as moderating variables. In general, the analyses did not reveal a significant impact of the reading medium (screen vs. paper) on the reading comprehension of a narrative text. Moreover, there does not seem to be a difference over time and between different types of digital reading devices. Also, the analysis of the subsample of studies using plain digital text without any additional functions in comparison to print showed no significant differences. In contrast, multimedia and interactive functions of digital texts affect reading comprehension positively, regardless of the type of additional function. In conclusion, the results do not suggest a negative effect of digital reading media on reading comprehension when reading narrative texts.