Types Of Misbehavior Research Articles

Investigating English as a Foreign Language Classroom Management in the Mauritanian Secondary Schools

This research is conducted to investigate the issue of EFL classroom management, aiming at discovering the various types of students’ misbehavior, their reasons, and teachers’ management strategies. In accordance with these objectives, a qualitative method was employed through the use of one-to-one interview technique. The participants were limited to 14 teachers from different secondary schools in Mauritania and 102 students from three secondary schools located in Nouakchott, Boghe and Maata Moulana. The study revealed four types of misbehavior made by students: verbal, non-verbal, confrontational and non-confrontational, and the reasons were summarized as lack of time management, unfriendly relationship, inappropriate instructional methodologies, students’ disengagements in learning, poor learning environment, teachers’ characteristics, students’ low proficiency, affective attitudes, lack of ethics, and overcrowding. To deal with this issue, teachers adopted four coping management strategies: preventive, supportive, corrective and ignoring strategies. These strategies decrease the students’ disruptive behavior and contribute to their focus on achieving better academic results.

Whose misbehavior is inexcusable—And which one? Job‐related discrimination against ethnic minority and majority women

AbstractBased on the model of intersectional invisibility, we tested the consequences of work‐related misbehavior for women of Turkish and German descent (i.e., misbehavior involving mistakes that are stereotypically associated with masculine or feminine traits, eliciting negative evaluations). Across a series of four preregistered experiments (Ns = 746, plus two pre‐registered experiments in an Additional Supplement), we investigated evaluations of female targets in a male‐typed, highly qualified job context. We focus on exclusion and promotion decisions. A single‐paper meta‐analysis substantiates findings across samples who have different experiences regarding racism and in personnel selection. Our findings reveal a nuanced picture: Misbehavior associated with stereotypically feminine traits led to more negative consequences for Turkish women than for German women, resulting in more frequent exclusion and less frequent promotion for Turkish women. In contrast, misbehavior associated with stereotypically masculine traits led to more favorable outcomes for Turkish than German women. Thus, revealing a complex relationship between type of misbehavior and ethnicity, we identify leader prototypes as an explanatory mechanism, rather than aversive racism or shifting standards. Results suggest that Turkish women are discriminated against most for showing stereotypically feminine behavior confirming gendered racialized steretoypes, but may experience less backlash when showing counter‐stereotypical behavior than German women. We find double standards in evaluations of highly qualified women of Turkish versus German descent, with interactions with the type of misbehavior suggesting complex interplays of gender, ethnicity, and information provided about the individual in career advancement and exclusion.

Shared Access Control using Triple DES in Decentralized Cloud

Abstract: As Cloud computing is a new emergent technology despite having many beneficial factors, it faces many threats in various ways. To give the security with degrading the performance. In this project we propose an access control model featured with the efficient key update function in data outsourcing environment. Our access control is based on the combination of triple DES and role based access control (RBAC). The certificate is distributed in the form of token generated by the system and sent through the mail for secure transaction. In Our project a user’s key is incorporated into the token which will be used to decrypt the triple DES based on role based. This 3DES and RBAC together makes hybrid encryption and can be accessed using token generated key of that role user. This significantly reduces the overheads in updating and distributing keys of all users simultaneously compared to the existing 3DES based schemes. Decentralized Multi-Authority ABE (DMA), which is derived from 3DES that is resilient to these types of misbehaviour. Our system distinguishes between a data owner (DO) principal and attribute authorities (AAs): the DO owns the data but allows AAs to arbitrate access by providing attribute labels to users. The data is protected by policy encryption over these attributes. Finally our system is highly secured as hybrid encryption on 3DES and RBAC to secure the data and key to decrypt is token generated and shared in the distributed system. The decentralized system helps in the parallel computing the secure transaction between the users efficiently with high performance in cloud

Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Related Factors among Elderly Referring to Social Security Outpatient Clinic in Yasouj, Iran

Introduction: Elder abuse is a major public health concern worldwide. Considering the high prevalence of misbehavior towards the elderly, this study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse and its related factors among the elderly people in Yasouj, Iran in 2021.
 
 Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, this cross-sectional study included 299 older adults aged over 60 years referring to the Social Security Outpatient Clinic in Yasouj. To collect data, we used the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire. To analyze the data, chi-square and multiple logistic regression statistical tests were used.
 
 Results: Of the participants, 55.2 % reported at least one type of misbehavior. While psychological misbehavior had the highest prevalence (41.8 %), rejection had the lowest prevalence (10.7 %). Multiple regression analysis showed that elder abuse was statistically associated with higher educational status (p = 0.002), lower economic status (p = 0.002), and single people reported a higher rate of elder abuse (p = 0.001).
 
 Conclusion: According to our results, more than half of the participants reported at least one type of elder abuse, and psychological abuse was the most common type of abuse experienced by the elderly. Since elder abuse can have serious effects on the health and well-being of the elderly, it is critical to identify the related risk factors. Furthermore, it is essential to implement screening programs to increase the awareness of the elderly and caregivers.

EXPLORING MANET SECURITY ASPECTS: ANALYSIS OF ATTACKS AND NODE MISBEHAVIOUR ISSUES

Mobile ad hoc networks are susceptible to various security threats due to their open media nature and mobility, making them a top priority for security measures. This paper provides an in-depth examination of MANET security issues. Some of the most critical aspects of mobile ad hoc networks, including their applications, have been discussed. This is followed by a discussion of MANETs' design vulnerability to external and internal security threats caused by inherent network characteristics such as limited battery power, mobility, dynamic topology, open media, and so on. Numerous MANET-related attacks have been classified based on their sources, behaviour, participating nodes, processing capability, and layering. The many different types of misbehaviour a node can exhibit and the various ways a node can behave were investigated. Two major types of MANETs misbehaviour have been evaluated, classified and analysed. Notably, mitigating node misbehaviour in MANET is a critical issue that must be addressed to ensure network node functionality and availability. Strategies for detecting network nodes that misroute packets are also examined. Finally, the paper emphasises the need for effective solutions to secure MANETs.

An incentive system for decentralized DAG-based platforms

Decentralized public platforms are becoming increasingly popular due to a growing number of applications for various areas ofbusiness, finance, and social life. Authorless nodes can easily join such networks without any confirmation, making a transparent system of rewards and punishments crucial for the self-sustainability of public platforms. To achieve this, a system for incentivizing and punishing Workers’ behavior should be tightly harmonized with the corresponding consensus protocol, taking into account all of its features, and facilitating a favorable and supportive environment with equal rights for all participants. The main purpose of re-wards is to incentivize Workers to follow the protocol properly, and to penalize them for any type of misbehavior. The issues of block rewarding and punishing in decentralized networks have been well studied, but the DAG referential structure of the distributed ledger forces us to design methods that are more relevant. Since referential structures cannot be reliably validated due to the fact that they are built on the basis of the instantaneous visibility of blocks by a certain node, we propose to set rewards for blocksin the DAG network based on the degree of confidence of topological structures. In doing so, all honest nodes make common decisions based only on information recorded into the ledger, without overloading the network with additional interactions, since such data are al-ways identical and available.The main goal of this work is to design a fair distribution of rewards among honest Workers and estab-lish values for penalties for faulty ones, to ensure the general economic equilibrium of the Waterfall platform. The proposedap-proach has a flexible and transparent architecture that allows for its use for a wide range of PoS-based consensus protocols. The core principles are that Workers' rewards depend on the importance of the conducted work for block producing and achieving consensusand their penalties must not be less than the potential profit from possible attacks. The incentivizing system can facilitate protection from various kinds of attacks, namely, so-called Nothing-at-stake, Rich-get-richer, Sybil, and Splitting attacks, and from some specif-ic threats related to a DAG structure.

‘It’s not a big deal’: customer misbehaviour and social washing in hospitality

PurposeThis study aims to examine customer misbehaviour in the hospitality sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on a cross-sectional survey of employees in the Scottish hospitality sector highlighting customer misbehaviour as a key concern during the pandemic. Prevalent types of abuse and harassment experienced are outlined along with employee and management responses to incidents of misbehaviour.FindingsVerbal abuse and sexual harassment from customers are the most prevalent types of misbehaviour either experienced or witnessed by respondents. Customer misbehaviour is commonly thought of as “part of the job” and therefore “not a big deal”. Managers, largely, expect workers to tolerate abusive behaviours from customers and do not take reports of incidents seriously.Practical implicationsTransformational managers need to foster workplace well-being with a focus on physical and psychological safety. Recognition of the issue and greater support for victims are furthermore required at an industry level and on the policy front.Social implicationsThe research points to an uncomfortable reality in the service economy that needs to be confronted by society. It has, therefore, important implications for key stakeholders in ensuring fair, dignified and safe hospitality workplaces.Originality/valueCustomer misbehaviour is reportedly worsening in times of COVID-19 as demonstrated by this study. Despite rhetoric that abuse and harassment are not tolerated, dismissive attitudes from managers – who expect workers to tolerate abusive behaviour – and employee silence about incidents lead the authors to argue that the failure to acknowledge and address this issue constitutes a form of “social washing” in hospitality.

Examining the Efficacy of Accountability Systems in Preventing Nonprofit Misconduct: A Look Beyond Financial Fraud

The purpose of our study is to broaden the investigation of nonprofit misconduct beyond financial fraud perpetrated by individual actors and to identify structural features that are more or less likely to be associated with actual misconduct. We utilize the Charity Navigator Advisory System and related press releases to identify 215 nonprofit organizations with confirmed or alleged misconduct. We also collect the IRS Form 990 information for 133 out of the 215 organizations with known misconduct and 150 organizations without known misconduct to compare their accountability structures. Our findings suggest that, while financial fraud committed by individual perpetrators against their organizations is the most frequently identified type of misconduct, a substantial number of other types of misbehaviors also commonly occur. Our comparison analysis indicates that organizations with known misconduct deviate significantly from scandal-free charities in several structural aspects.

Middle school students’ engagement in and beliefs about student misbehavior: A social domain approach

IntroductionThrough the lens of social domain theory, the present study examined how 7th grade students coordinated social and moral reasoning when thinking about transgressions. MethodEighty-nine 7th-grade students (Meanage = 13.05 years; 46 female students) were sampled to assess their beliefs about and engagement in school and classroom misbehavior. Interactive sorting tasks were employed to examine how participants coordinated competing social concerns inherent in everyday misbehaviors. ResultsAnalyses revealed that engagement and reasoning were domain differentiated; students engaged most in conventional and contextually conventional transgressions and least in transgressions that involved harm to others (moral) or to the self (prudential). Sorting task responses revealed that, over and above domain-consistent reasoning (e.g., moral reasoning used to justify decisions about moral transgressions), students appealed to conventional justifications like teacher authority, school rules, and peer norms when reasoning about all types of misbehavior (i.e., moral, conventional, contextually conventional, and prudential). Reasoning also differed by misbehavior groupings. Analyses also indicated that the number of social cognitive domains that a participant considered relevant when defining a transgression was negatively associated with engagement in that transgression. Finally, a multigroup path analysis model revealed that the association between type of reasoning and misbehavior was moderated by misbehavior group. ConclusionsThe findings from this study increased understanding of the ways that individuals coordinate social and moral concerns in everyday decision making. Moreover, discussion focused on how the results can be used to support domain-based values education and in more effective teacher/administrator responses to student misbehavior.

DEIT: Dempster Shafer Theory‐based edge‐centric Internet of Things‐specific trust model

AbstractThe potential benefits of edge‐centric Internet of Things (IoT) come with increased security threats and because the edge devices may be compromised into sending or forwarding wrong information. To negate the effect of wrong information on inference, such messages need to be identified. Identification and dropping of messages in the network as early as possible would minimize the communication overhead. Trust values of nodes help in the early identification of such messages. In this work, the Dempster Shafer Theory (DST)‐based edge‐centric IoT‐specific Trust Model (DEIT) is designed to compute trust to include the specific characteristics of IoT. Edge servers use DEIT to compute trust value of edge devices in the network. In DEIT, DST combines the available trust messages. DIET also uses the degradation variable, credibility variable, punishment variable, re‐compensating variable, and pardoning variable to compute final trust value. The computed trust value assists the edges in taking correct decisions. Simulation results demonstrate that it can immediately capture two major types of misbehavior, namely, information drop and modification under both sparse and dense traffic conditions. Through scenarios in the results section, the depiction of various possible misbehaviors has been discussed. Scenario 1 and 2 discuss a situation where a malicious edge device misbehaves in two ways, namely, dropping and modification of information, respectively. In scenario 3 and 4, situations are discussed when the trust opinion of the trusted and distrusted devices are neutralized with time using the degradation factor to illustrate and compare changes in trust values in two different situation.

Detection of Misconfigured BYOD Devices in Wi-Fi Networks

As Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy has become widely accepted in the enterprise, anyone with a mobile device that supports Wi-Fi tethering can provide an active wireless Internet connection to other devices without restriction from network administrators. Despite the potential benefits of Wi-Fi tethering, it raises new security issues. The open source nature of mobile operating systems (e.g., Google Android or OpenWrt) can be easily manipulated by selfish users to provide an unfair advantage throughput performance to their tethered devices. The unauthorized tethering can interfere with nearby well-planned access points (APs) within Wi-Fi networks, which results in serious performance problems. In this paper, we first conduct an extensive evaluation study and demonstrate that the abuse of Wi-Fi tethering that adjusts the clear channel access parameters has strong adverse effects in Wi-Fi networks, while providing the manipulated device a high throughput gain. Subsequently, an online detection scheme diagnoses the network condition and detects selfish tethering devices by passively exploiting the packet loss information of on-going transmissions. Our evaluation results show that the proposed method accurately distinguishes the manipulated tethering behavior from other types of misbehavior, including the hidden node problem.

Practical client-side replication

Client-side replication and direct client-to-client synchronization can be used to create highly available, low-latency interactive applications. Causal consistency, the strongest available consistency model under network partitions, is an attractive consistency model for these applications. This paper focuses on how client misbehaviour impacts causal consistency. We analyze the possible attacks to causal consistency and derive secure consistency models that preclude different types of misbehaviour. We propose a set of techniques for implementing such secure consistency models, which exhibit different trade-offs between the application guarantees, and the latency and communication overhead. Our evaluation shows that secure consistency models impose low overhead when compared with their insecure counterparts, while providing low user-to-user latency and server load compared with traditional client-server architectures. Secure consistency models can be used to enrich server-based architectures with fast and secure peer-to-peer interactions.

The Hayne Royal Commission and financial sector misbehaviour: Lasting change or temporary fix?

The Hayne Royal Commission into Australian financial sector misbehaviour reported in February 2019. It is, however, unlikely to provide a lasting solution to problems of financial sector misbehaviour. It has identified a number of types of misbehaviour, their ‘proximate causes’ and recommended solutions to those. But, reflecting its limited mandate and limited time, it was unable to investigate the complex question of whether there are more deep-seated, fundamental issues driving financial sector misconduct, both in Australia and globally. This article argues that there are, and that consequently the benefits from the Royal Commission will be relatively short-lived, with misconduct likely to resurface, albeit in different guises. JEL Codes: G20, G28, K40

Judging Incumbents’ Character: The Impact of Scandal

This article uses panel survey data from 2010 to 2012 to examine how scandals affect perceptions of House incumbents’ character. Scandals negatively impact impressions of the incumbent’s integrity, indicating that voters incorporate information about their representatives’ behavior. Scandals’ effects on attitudes are shown to vary depending on the type of misbehavior that is alleged, with sex scandals having far deeper and wider impact than other types of scandals. Scandals significantly influence the vote choice, although impressions of the incumbent’s integrity mediate more than one-third of their effect.

Decentralized attribute-based encryption and data sharing scheme in cloud storage

In this paper, we consider the problems of data sharing between multiple distrusted authorities. Prior solutions rely on trusted third parties such as CAs, or are susceptible to collusion between malicious authorities, which can comprise the security of honest ones. In this paper, we propose a new multi-authority data sharing scheme — Decentralized Multi-Authority ABE (DMA), which is derived from CP-ABE that is resilient to these types of misbehavior. Our system distinguishes between a data owner (DO) principal and attribute authorities (AAs): the DO owns the data but allows AAs to arbitrate access by providing attribute labels to users. The data is protected by policy encryption over these attributes. Unlike prior systems, attributes generated by AAs are not user-specific, and neither is the system susceptible to collusion between users who try to escalate their access by sharing keys. We prove our scheme correct under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption; we also include a complete end-to-end implementation that demonstrates the practical efficacy of our technique.

Developing a typology of customer misbehaviours (case study: hotel industry, Iran five stars' hotels, Homa, Parsian Azadi, Esteghlal, Evin)

The aim of this study is to explore and identify the different types of customer misbehaviours from service providers' side (hotel employees) in hotel industry. Data were collected by semi structured in-depth interviews and narratives of service employees of five starts hotels in Iran using critical incident technique (CIT) (n = 60) and then analysed through ATLAS software. Thematic coding was used to identify emergent themes and patterns of consumer misbehaviour. Thematic coding resulted in a comprehensive typology of customers' misbehaviour and identified two main categories of consumer misbehaviour (interpersonally directed and property directed) which interpersonally directed divided into five subcategories: verbal aggression, physical aggression, refusal to participate, illegitimate complaints and needless engagement and property directed misbehaviour classify into theft, vandalism and sabotage and fraudulence behaviour. The results of the findings contribute to identify the most common types of misbehaviour during the interactions.

Developing a typology of customer misbehaviours (case study: hotel industry, Iran five stars' hotels, Homa, Parsian Azadi, Esteghlal, Evin)

The aim of this study is to explore and identify the different types of customer misbehaviours from service providers' side (hotel employees) in hotel industry. Data were collected by semi structured in-depth interviews and narratives of service employees of five starts hotels in Iran using critical incident technique (CIT) (n = 60) and then analysed through ATLAS software. Thematic coding was used to identify emergent themes and patterns of consumer misbehaviour. Thematic coding resulted in a comprehensive typology of customers' misbehaviour and identified two main categories of consumer misbehaviour (interpersonally directed and property directed) which interpersonally directed divided into five subcategories: verbal aggression, physical aggression, refusal to participate, illegitimate complaints and needless engagement and property directed misbehaviour classify into theft, vandalism and sabotage and fraudulence behaviour. The results of the findings contribute to identify the most common types of misbehaviour during the interactions.

Illegitimate Economic Practices in Bulgaria: Findings from a Representative Survey of 2,005 Citizens

Illegitimate Economic Practices in Bulgaria: Findings from a Representative Survey of 2,005 Citizens

Undeclared Economic Activities of Croatian Companies: Findings from a Representative Survey of 521 Companies

This report presents the findings of a survey on undeclared economic practices undertaken by Croatian companies. In order to obtain the rigorous evidence on undeclared work in Croatia, we previously investigated citizens’ experiences with undeclared work and the practice of envelope wages. With this representative survey of 521 companies, we focus on frequency of company engagement in the undeclared economy. Four out of ten survey respondents estimate that 20% to 50% of trade in their sector is undeclared, while more than one quarter (21.8%) believe that this percentage is higher than 50%. Only one sixth of survey respondents state that the percentage of trade in their sector conducted through the undeclared economy is less than 10%. 40% of respondents believe that 20% to 50% of employees in their sector are working without a contract, while 11.8% estimate that this percentage is greater than 50%. One quarter of the company representatives (26.12%) think that less than 10% of employees in their sector do not have contracts. More than half of the survey respondents (59.3%) believe that the extent of envelope wages in their sector is between 20% and 50%, while 17% deem that underreporting of salaries is higher than 50%. A little less than one quarter (23.8%) of respondents evaluated that envelope wage practices are not widespread in their industry and that they represent less than 20% of salaries. Administrative and support service and accommodation and food service activities are at the top of the list of sectors that always apply the practice of envelope wages. On the other side, such a practice is never applied in a significant number of companies in arts, entertainment and recreation and in education. Regarding the characteristic years in business, mentioned behaviour is less prevalent in companies with business activity from one to three years and from four to ten years. Almost a half (47.28%) of survey respondents believe that the proportion of the total wage payments that are paid unofficially is in the 20-50% range of the total wage payments, while around 16% state that this percentage is greater than 50% and another 16% stated that the range is between 10% and 20%. A little over one fifth (21.2%) of respondents evaluate that such undeclared payments represent less than 10% of total wage payments. According to views of the surveyed firm representatives, the most important reason for companies in Croatia underreporting salaries of their employees is the intention to keep labour costs down, followed by longer working hours. All different types of misbehaviour among the competitors, except illicit exporting/importing of goods, false documentation or no documentation, happens in 50% to 60% of the cases. In addition, 42.64% of the interviewed representatives think that illicit exporting or importing never happens, while 17.16% assessed that this behaviour happens in almost all cases. Regarding the VAT fraud, almost half of the interviewed representatives (49.39%) stated that it happens sometimes, while 28.61% never observed such behaviour. This similar structure of responses was found for hiding, not paying taxes, duties and/or excises - more than a half of the interviewed representatives stated that this happens sometimes, while 23.4% believed that it never happens. Overall, the survey respondents widely agreed with the majority of measures for tackling undeclared economic activities undertaken by companies, therefore supporting a combination of various policies and measures. The majority of the interviewed representatives (53.73%) supported the notion that companies, which employ undeclared workers, under-report salaries or have outstanding social security payments should be banned from participation in public tenders and should not receive subsidies. Furthermore, 44.05% of companies believe that by simplifying the processes for hiring workers on small or occasional jobs would reduce undeclared work. In contrast, less than 20% of the surveyed participants think that public exposure of undeclared work and/or awareness campaigns about the negative consequences of operating unregistered would result in significant reduction in the undeclared economy.

Dyskretny urok wstydu

This article seeks to analyze the category of shame, leaving aside some specific areas of human activity attendant upon shame. It seems that the problem of shame is most often found in the area of human sexuality, a fact that impoverishes the category of shame. I treat moral shame as an existential category, which means that it is directly connected with the internal discernment of the person that is ashamed. Understood in such a manner, it is impossible to persuade a person to be ashamed; even the social and cultural contexts that identify concrete types of misbehavior as shameful turn out to be insufficient. We are ashamed when we ourselves believe that a particular situation should not have taken place. Meanwhile, when we tell someone “you should be ashamed,” it will bring about no effect if the person we are reprimanding does not think in the same way. Shame indeed is an emotion we would like to avoid, if possible, nevertheless it plays an extremely important role in our moral lives.