Type Of Infant Feeding Research Articles

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Different Infant Feeding Types: The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER.

To observe and compare the environmental impacts of different types of infant feeding, considering the use of formula, infant feeding accessories, potentially increased maternal dietary intake during breastfeeding (BF) and food consumption habits. An observational cross-sectional multicentre study conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area of the Catalan Institute of Health. Data were collected from 419 postpartum women on infant feeding type (formula milk and accessories), maternal dietary intake (24-h register) and food consumption habits from November 2022 to April 2023. The environmental impacts (climate change (CC), water consumption and water scarcity) of the infant feeding types and maternal diet were calculated using the IPCC, ReCiPE and AWARE indicators, respectively. The differences in impacts were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant differences for the three environmental impacts were observed. The CC impact of formula milk and feeding accessories was 0.01 kg CO2eq for exclusive BF, 1.55 kg CO2eq for mixed feeding and 4.98 kg CO2eq for formula feeding. While BF mothers consumed an extra 238 kcal, no significant differences were found related to maternal diet across feeding types. Exclusive BF was the most sustainable type of infant feeding, considering formula and infant feeding accessories. In our study, the difference between the impacts of BF and non-BF mothers' diet was insignificant. Offer informative and educational support for midwives and other healthcare professionals on BF and a healthy, sustainable diet to transfer this knowledge to the general public. Raise the general public's awareness about BF and a healthy, sustainable diet. To reduce environmental impacts through behavioural changes. STROBE. Patients of the Catalan Health Service reviewed the content of the data collection tools. (for the whole GREEN MOTHER project): NCT05729581 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).

Environmental impact of infant feeding type, accessories used and maternal dietary habits: The GREEN MOTHER-I project, a cross-sectional study protocol

IntroductionBreastfeeding (BF) is the healthiest form of nutrition for babies and is recommended exclusively (EBF) for at least the first six months of life. The carbon footprint of formula feeding (FF) has been studied, but that of BF is unknown.AimTo identify the environmental impact of three types of infant feeding taking into account the accessories needed and the diet of postpartum women in the baby’s first month of life.MethodsThis is a multicentre, cross-sectional study conducted in the Barcelona North Metropolitan Area (Catalonia, Spain). The participating sites are primary care settings that will recruit 408 postpartum women (4–6 weeks) as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. The data will be collected through a GREEN MOTHER Survey that includes 4 dimensions: 1) socio-demographic and clinical data; 2) data on the newborn and accessories used in infant feeding; 3) general data on the mother's diet (food consumption habits), and 4) recording of 24 h of the mother’s diet. The data analysis will be performed to check the prevalence of infant feeding types at birth and month 1, as well as a comparative analysis of three types of infant feeding on environmental impact (climate change; water consumption, and scarcity).Ethics.This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jordi Gol i Gurina University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research (IDIAP) under code 22/101-P dated 22/02/2023.DiscussionA second phase of the GREEN MOTHER study is planned, which will consist of an educational intervention to promote breastfeeding, nutrition and sustainability. This intervention will be based on the results obtained in Phase I. We expect that the project results – through the publication and dissemination of scientific papers and reports among relevant stakeholders (association of community midwives, healthcare and primary care attention professionals and the public) – will increase public awareness of breastfeeding and its impact on sustainability.Trial registrationBoth phases of the GREEN MOTHER study protocol were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05729581.

The Early Appearance of Asthma and Its Relationship with Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review.

Asthma is, worldwide, the most frequent non-communicable disease affecting both children and adults, with high morbidity and relatively low mortality, compared to other chronic diseases. In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma has increased in the pediatric population, and, in general, the risk of developing asthma and asthma-like symptoms is higher in children during the first years of life. The "gut-lung axis" concept explains how the gut microbiota influences lung immune function, acting both directly, by stimulating the innate immune system, and indirectly, through the metabolites it generates. Thus, the process of intestinal microbial colonization of the newborn is crucial for his/her future health, and the alterations that might generate dysbiosis during the first 100 days of life are most influential in promoting hypersensitivity diseases. That is why this period is termed the "critical window". This paper reviews the published evidence on the numerous factors that can act by modifying the profile of the intestinal microbiota of the infant, thereby promoting or inhibiting the risk of asthma later in life. The following factors are specifically addressed in depth here: diet during pregnancy, maternal adherence to a Mediterranean diet, mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, and type of infant feeding during the first three months of life.

Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review.

The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly during the first years of life. Differences in GM between breastfed and formula (F)-fed infants may influence long-term health outcomes. This systematic review aims to compare the gut microbiota of breastfed infants with that of F-fed infants and to evaluate the clinical implications of these differences. We searched databases on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the following keywords: "gut microbiota", "gut microbiome", and "neonatal milk". The inclusion criteria were articles relating to the analysis of the intestinal microbiome of newborns in relation to the type of nutrition, clinical studies or case series, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 13 publications for this work. Breastfed infants showed higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while F-fed infants had a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile and Enterobacteriaceae. Infant feeding type influences the composition of oral GM significantly. Breastfeeding promotes a healthier and more diverse microbial ecosystem, which may offer protective health benefits. Future research should explore strategies to improve the GM of F-fed infants and understand the long-term health implications.

Infant Feeding Pattern during the First Six Months of Age among Primipara Mothers

The exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are low globally and in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify the type of infant feeding practiced during the first six months of age and determine if there is an association between demographic characteristics and the type of breastfeeding. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 401 primipara mothers who attended 15 primary health care centers (PHCCs)by using a self-administered questionnaire. Only 17.2% of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 65.8% were given mixed feeding in the first six months of life. The breastfeeding rate declined from 99.8% in the first month to 76.3% by six months, with a corresponding increase in the use of formula milk, plain water and dates from 31.7%, 24.9%, and 24.7% in the first month to 53.1%. 49.1%, and 32.7% in the six months, respectively. Mothers also used herbs, lump sugar, glucose water and honey every month. A chi-square test reveals no association between the demographic characteristics and type of breastfeeding (EBF, predominant breastfeeding and mixed feeding). The primipara mothers had low EBF rates indicating the need to provide culture-specific education, support and counselling.

Prenatal and postnatal exposure to antibiotics and risk of food allergy in the offspring: A nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea.

There are only preliminary studies examining the associations of postnatal antibiotic exposure with food allergy in childhood, and the effect of antibiotic exposure in utero has not been resolved. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of food allergy in childhood. Using the nationwide birth cohort in South Korea, all 3,163,206 infants (pairing mother; n = 2,322,735) born in South Korea between 2010 and 2017 were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of food allergy, and the observation period was between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020. We implemented four different designs for the study, which consisted of a full unmatched cohort, 1:1 propensity-matched cohort, sibling comparison cohort, and health screening cohort along with multiple subgroup analyses. During the follow-up period (median 6.92 years [IQR, 4.72-9.00]) of the 3,161,858 infants (52.6% male) in the birth cohort, 29,973 (1.9%) were diagnosed with food allergies. After a 1:1 propensity score matching, the use of antibiotics increased the risk of overall food allergy (prenatal [HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09] and postnatal [HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10] periods). The association was more significantly accentuated when antibiotic exposure was used in the short term, and the children were born preterm or with low birthweight; however, a trimester-specific effect was not observed. We observed more pronounced risks of food allergy in the health screening cohort (prenatal, 17%; postnatal, 15%), thus addressing the adverse effects of critical factors including maternal BMI, smoking status, and type of infant feeding. Similar trends were observed across all four differnt cohorts. This study reported a moderate association between early-life antibiotic use and subsequent food allergy during childhood throughout four different designs of analyses. This study suggests that clinicians need to consider the risks and benefits of antibiotics when administering antibiotics to individuals in the prenatal and postnatal periods.

Infant microbiota formation: mother – placenta – fetus – baby

Gut microbiota is one of the main components that influence human health status. The gut microflora begins to establish as early as the prenatal period, however, the most intensive colonization of the infant by maternal and environment microorganisms occurs during the intranatal and postnatal periods. The mother-placenta-fetus system lays the foundation for early formation of microbiota. The maternal microbiota starts changing during pregnancy in order to modify metabolism to make it more favourable to the fetus, and continues throughout pregnancy, influencing the incubation of the fetus's own microbiota. The development of the fetal microbiome is also affected by the microbiome of the uterus, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord, although these organs were previously thought to be sterile, like the fetal gut. Multi-year research findings refuted these assertions and proved the existence of a separate meconium microbiome, which does not coincide with the maternal microbiota. The postnatal factors, such as mode of delivery and type of infant feeding, also influence the development of the gut microbiota. Vaginal birth exposes infants to maternal vaginal microbiota. During cesarean section, infants are exposed to environmental microbiota, which disrupts natural microbial colonization. Breast milk has its own microbiome, which can change and adapt to the infant needs. Exclusive breastfeeding affects Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides colonization rates, which metabolize breast milk oligosaccharides, producing short-chain fatty acids as a byproduct. Probiotic therapy can be used to maintain sufficient levels of Bifidobacterium to form a healthy microbiota. This review presents the stages and conditions for the formation of the infant’s gut microbiota, as well as the relationship between them in the course of ontogenesis.

Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a clinical, highly prevalent worldwide condition described in the early 2000s. Evidence about its aetiology is still missing, and preventive strategies can’t be established. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on possible correlations between maternal and infant nutrition during the first thousand days of life and the occurrence of MIH.
 Methods: Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using MedLine (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar (from 2017 to February 1st, 2023).
 Results: The search strategy identified 1815 potential articles: 99 from PubMed, 6 from Scopus, and 1710 from Google Scholar. After removing duplicates, papers not meeting the inclusion criteria or being irrelevant, 6 papers were included. They were published between 2019-2022 and were clinical trials or longitudinal studies conducted in Egypt, New Zealand, Turkey, Denmark, Germany and Norway. The sample size was 2005 subjects (mean: 334). All reporting data on MIH was diagnosed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The nutritional exposure variables were: i) malnutrition; ii) vitamin D serum levels in the mother and the child at different stages; iii) celiac disease; iv) the type of infant feeding, such as exclusive breastfeeding and/or type of weaning; v) supplementation with high-dose vitamin D during pregnancy.
 Conclusion: High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may be protective against MIH in children. There is a need for structured epidemiological studies specifically designed to investigate the aetiology of MIH in mother-child cohorts.

Validation of the Arabic Maternal postpartum quality of life questionnaire among Lebanese women: A cohort study.

The postpartum period is an important phase in a woman's life. Yet, there is a paucity of validated instruments that assess maternal postpartum quality of life issues. The aim of this study is to describe the adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL) questionnaire. This instrument validation cohort study tested an adapted Arabic version of the MAPP-QOL questionnaire on a convenience sample of 485 healthy Lebanese postpartum women. The MAPP-QOL reliability and validity were investigated by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis, and by correlating the participants' MAPP-QOL scores with their scores on the Arabic Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES-A), age, and education. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to examine how well the original factor structure of MAPP-QOL fits with our observed data using STATA 14. All other statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 23. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the Arabic MAPP-QOL was 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the following five components: Functioning (11 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.82), Socioeconomic (9 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.81), Relational (9 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.75), Psychological (4 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.74), and Health (6 items, Cronbach's alpha of 0.59). The overall Arabic MAPP-QOL score was positively but weakly correlated with the MBFES-A score (r = 0.177, p < 0.001), its Maternal Enjoyment/Role Attainment subscale score (r = 0.108, p = 0.023), and Lifestyle/Body Image subscale score (r = 0.286, p < 0.001). There was no significant association between the type of infant feeding at one month and the Arabic MAPP-QOL score (p = 0.932). Similarly, the Arabic MAPP-QOL score was not correlated with the participant's age (r = 0.043, p = 0.362) or education (p = 0.451). After modification of indices, Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the goodness of fit indices corresponding to the 5-factor model in the original questionnaire indicate a reasonable fit with RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.847 and SRMR = 0.062. The Arabic MAPP-QOL has good psychometric properties and may be a useful tool for clinicians and researchers interested in measuring maternal postpartum quality of life. Further replication of our findings in other Arab contexts is needed.

Associations between Dietary Sugar and Fiber with Infant Gut Microbiome Colonization at 6 Mo of Age

BackgroundThe taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome undergoes rapid development during the first 2–3 y of life. Poor diet during complementary feeding has been associated with alterations in infant growth and compromised bone, immune system, and neurodevelopment, but how it may affect gut microbial composition is unknown. ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between early-life nutrition and the developing infant gut microbiota at 6 mo of age. MethodsLatino mother–infant pairs from the Mother’s Milk Study (n = 105) were included. Infant gut microbiota and dietary intake were analyzed at 6 mo of age using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and 24-h dietary recalls, respectively. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was performed to examine associations between dietary nutrients and microbial community abundance while adjusting for infants’ mode of delivery, antibiotics, infant feeding type, time of introduction of solid foods, energy intake, and body weight. A P value of <0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance in the study. ResultsInfants with higher consumption of total sugar exhibited a lower relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides (β = −0.01; 95% CI: −0.02, −0.00; P = 0.03) and genus Clostridium belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family (β = −0.02; 95% CI: −0.03, −0.00; P = 0.01). In addition, a higher intake of free sugar (which excludes sugar from milk, dairy, and whole fruit) was associated with several bacteria at the genus level, including Parabacteroides genus (β = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.001). Total insoluble fiber intake was associated with favorable bacteria at the genus level such as Faecalibacterium (β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.52; P = 0.02) and Coprococcus (β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.52; P = 0.03). ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that early-life dietary intake at 6 mo impacts the developing gut microbiome associated with the presence of both unfavorable gut microbes and dietary fiber-associated commensal microbes.

The Gut Microbiota Differ in Exclusively Breastfed and Formula-Fed United States Infants and are Associated with Growth Status

BackgroundEvidence regarding the effects of infant feeding type (exclusive breastfeeding compared with exclusive formula feeding) on the gut microbiota and how it impacts infant growth status is limited. ObjectivesThe primary objective was to compare gut microbiota by feeding type and characterize the associations between gut microbiota and infant growth status. MethodsStool samples from healthy, full-term infants (4–5 mo-old) who were either exclusively breastfed (BF) or exclusively formula-fed (FF) in Denver, CO, United States were collected, and fecal 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene-based profiling was conducted. Length and weight were measured at the time of stool collection. Length-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores were calculated based on the World Health Organization standards. Associations between gut microbial taxa and anthropometric z-scores were assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation test. ResultsA total of 115 infants (BF n = 54; FF n = 61) were included in this study. Feeding type (BF compared with FF) was the most significant tested variable on gut microbiota composition (P < 1 × 10-⁶), followed by mode of delivery and race. Significant differences were observed in α-diversity, β-diversity, and relative abundances of individual taxa between BF and FF. BF infants had lower α-diversity than FF infants. Abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were greater in the breastfeeding group. FF infants had a higher relative abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.001), which was associated with a higher WAZ (P < 0.001) and length-for-age z-score (P < 0.01). Lactobacillus was inversely associated with WAZ (P < 0.05). ConclusionsFeeding type is the main driver of gut microbiota differences in young infants. The gut microbiota differences based on feeding type (exclusive breast- or formula feeding) were associated with observed differences in growth status.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02142647, NCT01693406, and NCT04137445.

P18-004-23 Associations of Infant Feeding Type and Mode With Frequency and Volume

P18-004-23 Associations of Infant Feeding Type and Mode With Frequency and Volume

Influence of the Infant Feeding on the Taxonomy of the Gut Microbiome and the Trefoil Factors Level in Children and Adolescents

Changes in the gut microbiome are recognized as an important component of obesity in both adults and children. One factor in the gut microbiome formation is the infant feeding type, which may also have a prolonged effect on the microbial community. Breast milk contributes to the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota. In turn, trefoil factors (TFF2 and TFF3) are important components of the mucosal barrier. The aim was to study the composition of the gut microbiota and the trefoil factors level in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity, depending on the infant feeding type. The study included 93 non-obese children (Group 1) and 92 obese children (Group 2). Serum TFF2 and TFF3 levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay in each study participant. The taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiome was determined by metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In general, the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in Groups 1 and 2 was similar. However, Group 2 had less by [Prevotella], Epulopiscium and Haemophilus and more by Clostridium and Catenibacterium. Neither obesity nor the infant feeding type of influenced the serum concentration of TFF2 and TFF3. However, the infant feeding has a prolonged effect on the gut microbiota, and in Group 2 this effect was less pronounced. In Group 1, breastfeeding led to the formation of a complete mucosal tolerance to the microbiome, which did not occur with mixed and bottle feeding. In Group 2, most of the “TFFs–gut microbiome” associations were positive, indicating an unfavorable interaction between intestinal wall and microbiome in obese children and adolescents. Thus, infant feeding type seems to be a weak but significant factor in the gut microbiome formation in children and adolescents, which also affects the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota.

Effect of the Infant Feeding Type on Gut Microbiome Taxonomy and Levels of Trefoil Factors in Children and Adolescents

Effect of the Infant Feeding Type on Gut Microbiome Taxonomy and Levels of Trefoil Factors in Children and Adolescents

Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Celiac Disease: From Pathogenesis to Treatment

Celiac disease (CD) is a common systemic disorder that results from an abnormal response of human immunity to gluten intake, affecting the small intestine. In individuals who carry a genetic susceptibility, CD is triggered by environmental factors, including viral infections and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiome is essential in controlling the immune system, and recent findings indicate that changes in the gut microbiome may contribute to various chronic immune disorders, such as CD through mechanisms that still require further exploration. Some bacteria exhibit epitopes that mimic gliadin and may enhance an immune response in the host. Other bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may work in conjunction with gluten to trigger and escalate intestinal inflammation. The microbiota may also directly influence antigen development through the production of immunogenic or tolerogenic gluten peptides or directly influence intestinal permeability through the release of zonulin. Finally, the gut microbiome can impact intestinal inflammation by generating proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. It is crucial to consider the impact of genetic factors (specifically, HLA-DQ haplotypes), perinatal elements such as birth mode, type of infant feeding, and antibiotic and infection exposure on the composition of the early intestinal microbiome. According to the available studies, the gut microbiome alterations associated with CD tend to exhibit a decreased presence of beneficial bacteria, including some anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium species. However, some controversy remains as some reports have found no significant differences between the gut microbiomes of individuals with and without CD. A better understanding of the gut microbiome's role in the development of CD would greatly benefit both prevention and treatment efforts, especially in complicated or treatment-resistant cases. Here, we have attempted to summarize the available evidence on the relationship between the gut microbiota and CD, with a particular focus on potential therapeutic targets.

Evaluation of hepatitis B virus antibodies in serum in vaccinated children at Tishreen University Hospital in Syria

Background: This study was done to evaluate the level of serum antibody titers in children vaccinated for HBV at Tishreen University Hospital, and to compare the titers of anti-HBs between the different age groups. This study also aimed to evaluate the relation between the infant feeding type and the response to the vaccine. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 children aged 1-12 years including 73 girls and 97 boys were gathered from pediatric department in Tishreen University Hospital. All the children in this study have undergone hepatitis B vaccine program according to the national standards (3 doses at 0, 1, 6 months after birth). The study sample was distributed into three groups according to age as follow: Group1 included children aging [1-4] years, Group2 included children aging [5-8] years, and Group3 included children aging [9-12] years. Plasma anti-HBs titers were measured. In the first age group, it was studied the response rate, and effects of both gender and infant feeding type on immune response to the vaccine. between response due to vaccination and that due to past infection. Results: Children who had a titer higher than 10 miu/mL were considered as responders. Our results revealed that the response rate was (81.1%). No significant difference was observed in antibody concentration between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.14). However, significant statistical difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.0009), and between groups 1 and 3 (P=0.01). There was no signifi¬cant difference between girls and boys regarding the response rate (P = 0.65). On the other hand, the statistical analysis showed that there was no relation between the infant feeding type and the response rate. (P=0.96). Conclusion: The response rate to HBV vaccine in our study was 81.1%, which is less than the expected international rate (90-95%). Significant relation was observed between age and waning of antibody titer. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between type of infant feeding and response to HBV vaccine.

The Association Between Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Mode of Infant Feeding.

Introduction: It is well established that low breastfeeding self-efficacy is associated with early breastfeeding cessation. Over the past several decades, expressed human milk feeding has increased among parents of healthy infants. Researchers have hypothesized an association between maternal breastfeeding confidence and expressed human milk feeding, but it has not been empirically examined. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the associations between breastfeeding self-efficacy and human milk expression practices. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of breastfeeding self-efficacy on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort design. From 2017 to 2018, we recruited 821 healthy mothers with term births in two public hospitals in Hong Kong. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire in the immediate postpartum period, which gathered information about sociodemographic characteristics and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). Participants were followed up for 6 months or until infants were weaned. The proportion and type of infant feeding were assessed at telephone follow-up. Results: The overall mean BSES-SF score in our sample was 46.5 (standard deviation = 10.1). Every one-point increase in the BSES-SF score was associated with 4-5% lower risk of any expressed human milk feeding and 4-7% higher odds of breastfeeding continuation across the first 6 months postpartum. Conclusion: Higher breastfeeding self-efficacy is associated with a lower risk of expressed human milk feeding and a longer duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. Further studies should explore how improving breastfeeding self-efficacy may affect the mode of human milk feeding.

Infant feeding type and maternal sleep during the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the associations among infant feeding types, sleeping habits, and maternal sleep postpartum. Databases including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied-Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched in addition to reference lists from selected articles and other key references. A critical review of relevant articles from the data sources was conducted with attention to the infant feeding types and maternal night-time sleep. The methodological quality was assessed systematically. The pooled mean difference was calculated. Narrative summaries were also used. A total of 6,472 participants from seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model demonstrated a significantly higher maternal night-time sleep in breastfeeding mothers than non-breastfeeding mothers with a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.24 h (95% confidence interval 0.03-0.46, p = 0.026). Co-sleeping with infants during the night also increased the sleeping hours in breastfeeding mothers. Homogeneity was observed with a Tau2 of 0.0308 and I2 of 44.3%. Funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests revealed no evidence of publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that breastfeeding may be associated with a longer night-time sleep postpartum and the synthesis of the literature suggested that co-sleeping with the infant was associated with longer sleep duration in breastfeeding women. Further research into factors involving maternal decisions on infant feeding types and their effects on maternal sleep is needed to better understand the mothers' attitude toward infant feeding and their own sleep.

Distinct infant feeding type-specific plasma metabolites at age 3 months associate with body composition at 2 years

Early life is a critical window for adiposity programming and metabolic profile may affect this programming. We investigated if plasma metabolites at age 3 months were associated with fat mass, fat free mass and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat outcomes at age 2 years in a cohort of healthy infants and if these associations were different between infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and those with exclusive formula feeding (EFF). In 318 healthy term-born infants, we determined body composition by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and visceral fat by abdominal ultrasound at 2 age years. High-throughput metabolic profiling was performed on blood samples collected at age 3 months. Tertiles were generated for each body composition outcome and differences in plasma metabolite levels at age 3 months between infants with high and low body composition outcomes at age 2 years were evaluated in general, as well as separately in EBF- and EFF-infants. Distinct plasma metabolite variables identified at age 3 months were associated with body composition at 2 years. These metabolites included several classes of lyso-phospholipids. Associations between the metabolites at age 3 months and fat mass index, fat mass percentage, fat free mass index and visceral fat at 2 years were predominantly found in EBF-infants. Associations between plasma metabolite levels at age 3 months and high body fat mass at 2 years depend on infant feeding type. These findings contribute to our insight into the importance of infant feeding on adiposity programming in early life.

Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Risk of Childhood Obesity

Research Article| April 01 2022 Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Risk of Childhood Obesity AAP Grand Rounds (2022) 47 (4): 40. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.47-4-40 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Risk of Childhood Obesity. AAP Grand Rounds April 2022; 47 (4): 40. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.47-4-40 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: cereals, childhood obesity, obesity, solid food Source: D’Hollander CJ, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Birken CS, et al. Timing of introduction to solid food, growth, and nutrition risk in later childhood. J Pediatr. 2022;240:102-109.e3; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.076Google Scholar Investigators from multiple institutions in Canada conducted a cohort study to compare subsequent growth and eating behaviors in children begun on infant cereal at 4 or 6 months of age. Study participants were healthy children, 0-10 years old, seen at 10 primary care sites and enrolled between 2008 and 2019. Information collected on study participants included demographics, birth weight, gestational age, type of infant feeding (breast/bottle/both), cow’s milk intake, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and maternal BMI. Parents were asked at what month their child began infant cereal; only those who were begun on infant cereal between 4 and 6 months were included in the primary analyses. Anthropometric measurements were obtained on study children to obtain BMI which were converted to z-scores; those with zBMI >2 were categorized as obese. Parents of children 18 months to 5 years old completed a validated questionnaire (NutriSTEP) assessing their child’s nutritional intake and eating behaviors. The overall scores and sub-scores on each of the 2 components were obtained, with higher scores indicative of more nutritional risk. The primary study outcome was zBMI at 1, 5, and 10 years of age. Secondary outcomes included obese status and nutritional risk. Regression analyses were used to compare these outcomes among children started on infant cereal at 4 or 6 months. Potential confounders were included in the models. A total of 8,943 children were enrolled in the study. The mean age at initial study visit was 2.1 years, and average length of follow-up was 4.4 years. Among the participants, 1,558 began infant cereal at 4 months, 1,796 at 5 months, and 3,713 at 6 months of age. Rates of breastfeeding were higher in those who started cereal at 6 months than at 4 months (65.8% and 46.8%, respectively); otherwise, baseline characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. Compared to those started at 6 months, introduction of cereal at 4 months was associated with significantly higher zBMI at 1 and 10 years of age (0.06; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.12 and 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06, 0.28, respectively), with no significant difference at 5 years. Children who began infant cereal at 4 months were significantly more likely to be obese at 10 years of age than those started at 6 months (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.18, 2.80). There were no significant differences between groups in overall NutriSTEP scores or dietary intake sub-scores, but eating behavior sub-scores were significantly higher in those who started cereal at 4 months compared to those started at 6 months, suggesting greater nutritional risk. The authors conclude that initiation of infant cereal at 4 vs 6 months of age was associated with greater zBMI and increased risk of obesity. Dr Doolittle has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a... You do not currently have access to this content.