Type Of Industrial Policy Research Articles

New regional industrial policy and environmental problems

Aim. The need to accelerate the transition to "green" and digital technologies leads to a more active participation of the state in the economy, including through an active industrial policy. In this regard, the main attention should be paid to the development and use of modern methodological approaches to the formation of a new regional industrial policy, taking into account the environmental aspect.Discussion. One of the main sources of pollutant emissions is industrial production. The article analyses the level of emissions of pollutants from industrial enterprises into the atmosphere in Russia as a whole, as well as for the regions that are leading in the growth of emissions into the atmosphere of industrial enterprises and in the growth in the number of polluting enterprises. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that in many regions of Russia industrial policy is carried out inefficiently. The growth of industrial production occurs extensively by increasing the number of enterprises or industries without taking into account environmental consequences and without the use of modern technologies that reduce the negative impact on the environment. An analysis of methodological approaches to the definition of the "new" industrial policy has been carried out and its general principles have been identified.Conclusion. To date, there is no clear definition of the "new" industrial policy, however, in modern scientific literature there are various methodological approaches that differ from the "old" type of industrial policy. The approaches discussed above differ in the emphasis either on the choice of specialisation – what to produce – or on the process by which prioritization and implementation occurs – how to produce.

High-Tech Accreditation, Technology Spillover, and Innovation

Innovation is the foundation of business survival. The two primary factors that impede enterprise innovation are funding limitations and technology spillover. China’s continuous qualification recognition of high-tech enterprises provides financial subsidies to supported enterprises, thereby resolving a portion of the problem of financing constraints. This paper establishes the duopoly Cournot competition model and incorporates technology spillover into the research process of government subsidies and enterprise innovation R&D. It has been discovered that government subsidies can increase the innovation input of enterprises in proportion to the magnitude of the technology spillover effect and the marginal technology efficiency. In addition, utilizing China’s A-share listed companies in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2021 as the research object, this paper develops a fixed-effect model to conduct an empirical test of the specific impact of high-tech enterprise qualification recognition in Shandong Province on enterprise innovation. The test results indicate that recognizing the qualifications of high-tech businesses is advantageous for boosting the innovation level of businesses. Nevertheless, this type of industrial policy has a more evident stimulative effect on catering innovation.

Spatial political economy: the case of metropolitan industrial policy

Industrial policy has become the focus of much more interest in recent times. Of particular note is mainstream economists’ fascination and their peculiar claims about how and why this new industrial policy promotes growth, redistribution, and sustainability. Such contentions warrant scrutiny. Using metropolitan data, plans, and laws, along with regional and national data from census and survey reports, this paper addresses three questions related to growth, inequality, and sustainability. On the basis of the evidence, collected and interpreted from the lens of original institutional economics, it is argued that industrial policy has been too strictly tied to (urban) economic growth which has not, contrary to expectations, led to ecologically sensitive and inclusive (urban) economic development. Instead, growth policies have cumulatively generated rising urban inequalities and ecological problems in cities and regions. This lack of congruence between the case for, and outcomes from, the pursuit of a particular type of industrial policy can be partly explained by the presence of absentee land ownership. Its entanglements with rent theft, profit seeking, and problematic engagement with persistent inequalities and unsustainability complement the explanation. A different industrial policy could seek to recoup socially-created, but privately appropriated, unearned income, reinvest this resulting revenue in ways that directly build state capacity, address persistent urban inequalities, attend to ecological challenges, and seek to create industries that avoid the problems of ‘progress and poverty’.

Foundations of industrial policy in the countries with different levels of development: lessons for Ukraine

Relevance of the research topic is due to the need of developed and developing states of the world in renaissance and improvement of industrial policy as a key instrument of economic development strategy in a globalizing world. Formulation of the problem. The efficiency of industrial policy in countries with different level of development depends on the fact how principles the policy is based on take into consideration the starting national conditions and requirements and trends of global market. For the countries with the same levels of income it is possible to determine the common directions of industrial development strategies and efficient tools of industrial policy. Under similar starting conditions differences in approaches to industrial policy may also determine the differences in results of its implementation; under different starting conditions they can entail the smoothing out of economic performance and a rapid convergence of economies.Analysis of recent research and publications. Some issues on industrial policy implementation in the countries of the world were investigated by both domestic and foreign scholars: A. I. Amosha, A. Andreoni, K. Warwick, V. P. Vyshnevsky, V. M. Heyets, G. Cresti, J. Lin., V. I. Liashenko, A. Noman, I. Nubler, K. Ohno, H. alazar-Xirinachs, E. Starikov, J. Stiglitz, V. Treichel, K. Shwab. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In spite of the multiple attempts to generalize the approaches and instruments of industrial policy for groups of countries the search of optimal design of industrial policy is still going on, what makes the adoption of important industrial development regulations complicated and is the reason of bitter discussions between the branches of authorities in the course of formation of Strategy of Ukrainian industrial complex development, legislative regulation of «industrial visa-free» and export duties on some types of feedstock. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is generalization of the experience of industrial policies in countries with different levels of economic development and justification of the need to use it in setting the basic principles of domestic industrial policies. Method or methodology for conducting research. In the research we used general and specific scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, historical, comparison, dialectical method of knowledge; also methods of statistical analysis, monographic research for countries’ experience, expert assessment method for elaboration the recommendations on industrial policy implementation in transformation economies. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The industrial policy of three groups of countries – with high, middle and low income – are studied due to their historical development. Socioeconomic and institutional conditions of countries, where the implementation of a certain type of industrial policy had positive or negative results, were determined. The analysis of the Ukrainian industrial performance and industrial policy showed that the policy should be revised according to the relevance of instruments and measures to the challenges of internal and global environment. The priority directions of industrial development are determined and the key principles of industrial policy in Ukraine are justified based on foreign experience. The field of application of results. The results of this research can be applied in the process of industrial regulatory framework formation, in the Concept of state industrial policy and the Strategy of industrial development elaboration by central executive authorities, and in the preparation of relevant sections of programs of regions’ socioeconomic and cultural development. Conclusions according to the article. In the study it is determined that these are the protectionism measures and innovation activity stimulation which are the base of the modern industrial policies in the countries with a high level of development; the middle-income countries should prioritize innovation and technology policies; the low-income states including Ukraine should focus on industrial modernization, import substitution, and the integration into global value chains in order to accelerate their socioeconomic development and strengthen the competitiveness over the world markets.

Smart specialisation strategies and industrial modernisation in European regions—theory and practice1

Based on a seminal policy paper (Foray et al., 2009), the Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) approach was integrated into the reformed cohesion policy of the European Union for 2014–20. This large-scale European experience provides a unique case study of a new type of industrial policy particularly oriented towards the modernisation of industrial sectors. In this paper, we briefly review the fundamentals of the S3 approach. We identify and discuss the main properties of S3 that make it particularly suited to the problem of sectoral modernisation in the context of a mature economy. In the final part, we describe the designing of this policy, which represents a crucial point: whilst the objective of modernising traditional sectors is not in itself anything new, the way of proceeding within the S3 framework is relatively new and innovative.

Industrial Policy for a European Industrial Renaissance. A Few Reflections

This paper raises and attempts to address three questions that add to the recent debate on industrial policies to promote a European “industrial renaissance”. We ask (i) What type of de-industrialisation represents a threat for Europe? (ii) What type of structural change can industrial policy steer in a context of increasing international fragmentation of production, both across European countries and worldwide? (iii) What type of industrial policy shall we advocate, that goes beyond the manufacturing sectors? With no pretence to provide all the answers or yet another wish list of policy tools, we argue that we are “doomed to choose” what type of structural transformation is Europe in need of, in a context of harsher global competition from the emerging countries; of staggering income polarisation within Europe itself; of relentless international fragmentation of production processes. First, we claim that industrial policy should target sectors and segments of value chains that support the manufacturing sector and not necessarily represent a hollowing out of the industrial base. Second, industrial policy should target structural transformation alongside large “missions” and learn from classical debates on industrialisation-led development. Interventions should therefore go beyond the traditional vertical versus horizontal tools distinction and complement a “mission oriented” plea with other tools, to avoid yet another “one size fits all” approach.

Industrial Policy for Growth

There is a large literature on the case for industrial policy and it is argued that, theoretically, industrial policy can help overcome market failures and hence can provide incentives for further industrial development. However, what type of industrial policy should actually be implemented and who should be the direct beneficiaries of industrial policy is contested. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the extent to which countries’ perceived industrial policy package is successful in stimulating economic growth. The analysis builds on a perception based database that includes 22 variables that describe industrial policy-related aspects. Using principal component analysis we distinguish between policy that stimulates industry development, ‘pro-business’ policy, and industrial policy that promotes the development of free markets, ‘pro-market’ policy. We construct indicators to represent these policy types and find that the indicators are positively correlated. The data suggests that high income countries are perceived to implement relatively more pro-business and pro-market policies than middle income countries. On the basis of fixed effects analysis we conclude that our pro-business policy indicator is positively associated with economic growth in middle income countries but not in high income countries. We find no clear evidence of a relation between pro-market policy and economic development.

Modern industrial policy and zoning: Chicago, 1910–1930

ABSTRACT:Industrial policy has long been considered a federal responsibility. Indeed, most scholars date modern local economic development programmes as starting in the 1960s. Before that, in this view, industrial policy wasad hoc, unco-ordinated and fragmented. In this article, I argue that the origins of modern industrial policy initiated by the local state slowly emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century in Chicago. Using an assortment of sources, I show that a new type of industrial policy was forged in the conflict over the 1923 zoning ordinance. The city's real-estate, financial and political elites were able to mobilize information, science, funding, individuals and arguments to convince industrialists that zoning was to their advantage. In the process, the city's industrial interests were able to frame the new zoning ordinance to their ends.

Industrial Policy in Italy viewed through the journal L’Industria

The aim of this paper is to review the articles published in the journal L’Industria over the last 30 years, focusing on issues related to industrial policy. Articles published in the journal have both analysed the characteristics of Italian industry and discussed industrial policy implications. Attention has never been exclusively turned to the Italian case: industry in other countries has been considered, not only in Europe but also elsewhere in the world, in Asia and America. Foreign cases are used as examples to follow or as analyses of partners of or markets for Italian firms. Regarding industrial policy, three phases can be identified in this review. The first 10 years (in the 1980s) discussed the « dirigiste » or « interventionist » type of industrial policy, whereby governments directly intervened in markets by command-and-control and by buying also producers. The second decade, that of the 1990s, saw the adoption of a new approach to industrial policy, whereby governments no longer directly intervene in markets but rather induce behaviour by appropriate incentives and, in terms of structural policy, provide the conditions for competitiveness. These phases correspond to the phases of industrial policy implemented in Italy and the EU. The 21st century starts with a new phase of industrial policy, that this paper tries to characterise by looking at the papers published in L’Industria. The main conclusion is that the new industrial policies are still in the process of being defined in the real world, perhaps waiting for industrial economists to provide guidance. Economists and policy-makers writing in the journal stress that in the current context new models have to be built and new solutions have to be suggested. We add that a number of issues has to be examined for solutions to be proposed.

Industrial Policy through the Restriction of Capital Flows: A Test of Several Claims Made about Industrial Policy

We examine the extent and effect of an interest rate-based industrial policy in Japan, France, Great Britain, and West Germany while using the United States as a control case. We argue that some governments have undertaken industrial policies that achieve a belowcompetitive interest rate, thereby allowing the redirection of financial flows to firms in the form of cheaper capital. Zysman, Shonfield, and others believe these restrictions on interest rates cause additional firm investment, change the time horizon of managers, and transfer wealth from domestic savers to domestic firms. We first examine the role of industrial policy by assessing the relationship between domestic interest rates and Eurocurrency rates. We argue that the degree of difference between these rates is an indication of the extent of one type of industrial policy. We then evaluate the relative influences of domestic and external interest rates on stock prices as a way of measuring the consequences of these industrial policies. If the policy were completely effective (i.e., insulating the relevant interest rate from market forces), only the domestic interest rate would influence stock prices. We assess the conditions under which states demonstrate sufficient strength to undertake policies to insulate domestic markets. We find that only France under the Socialists succeeded in positively affecting economic activity through this type of industrial policy, and that Britain prior to Thatcher's election demonstrated ineffective policies. Some evidence also indicates that Japan's industrial policies were less effective than previously believed. No evidence of such policies was found for West Germany under either the Socialists or the CSU/CDU alliance. We tested for partisan political changes in government policies, and except in Great Britain, found none.

EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN EUROPE

Among the most vexing problems facing those concerned with the formation and implementation of industrial policy is deciding what it is, why it exists, and whether there ought to be more or less of it than exists at present. Any random collection of six economists is sure to produce at least a dozen different opinions on the subject, not least because many economists have trouble in reconciling their gut reaction that industrial policy should not exist with the obvious fact that it does. The vigorous debate that now rages between those who believe that industrial policy should and those that believe that it should not be consciously pursued by gov ernments is but a pale reflection of the true diversity of opinion that exists on the subject. Even amongst that group of economists who are enthusiastic about industrial policy, the range of specific policy proposals that have been put forth is enormous, and the debate within this group is no less active (and acrimonious) than that between the pros and antis. Following what is a clear, if unintended, character istic of many of the contributions to this debate, this paper is devoted to complicating ratherthan simpli fying the issues. In particular, the question that we shall explore is whether there might be a type of industrial policy which should be applied at a supra-national level. Although this question has been actively discussed in Europe since the signing of the Treaty of Rome (at least), the revival of free marketideologies, the looming menace of 1992 and recent discussions of European political union have all added a good deal of fuel to the fire. More than a few ambitious European politicians have launched initiatives that apparently usurp national policy prerogatives, and the response by many national governments has become increasingly angry and strident. Traditional liberalism struggled for years to define the boundaries of the state in terms of the