Type Of Electromagnetic Actuator Research Articles

Structural Design and Analysis of New Electromagnetic Actuator

active vibration control can effectively restrain low-frequency line spectrum vibration. As an output end of control force, an electromagnetic actuator has the problem of low precision of output force and zero drift. Therefore, a new type of electromagnetic actuator is designed in this paper. The parametric modeling of the magnetic circuit structure is carried out, and it is verified that the magnetostatic attraction in direct current (DC) magnetic circuit is zero. Then, a calculation method of electromagnetic force in alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) magnetic circuit is deduced. The mechanical-electrical-magnetic-thermal multi-physical coupling field simulation of the electromagnetic actuator is carried out, which shows that the improved magnetic circuit structure effectively solves the zero drift, improves the precision of output force of the actuator, and allows the actuator to have lower electromagnetic heat output and electromagnetic loss.

Compact electromagnetically driven liquid-filled lens with bidirectional wide range focus tuning capability

A novel compact focus tunable liquid-filled lens using electromagnetic actuation method is presented. It consists of a specially designed elastic membrane that incorporates an annular ridge structure and non-uniform thickness contour for actuator integration and dynamically improving optical quality over the whole focal length tuning range, respectively. Moreover, a custom-designed moving coil type electromagnetic actuator together with a refractive index matching strategy between the filling liquid and the membrane are adopted for providing bidirectional, wide-range focus tuning capability. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a new process combining injection molding with 3D printing is developed to fabricate the proposed lens with effective aperture size of 4 mm with high reliability and repeatability. Nearly symmetric focal length tuning from infinity to ±40 mm and reduced spherical aberration characteristic are experimentally disclosed for the as-fabricated device, and its application in dynamic focusing imaging is also successfully performed. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. • A customized electromagnetic actuation mechanism is designed • A refractive index matching strategy is used for wide-range focus tuning • A specially designed elastic membrane is used for improving dynamic optical quality • Nearly symmetric focal length tuning from infinity to ±40 mm is achieved

Three-Degree-of-Freedom Electromagnetic Microactuator With Powder-Based Sm-Fe-N Magnets and Parylene Beams

In this paper, we report a moving magnet type electromagnetic actuator with three-degree-of-freedom, namely the displacement in XY axes and rotation around Z axis, by utilizing rare earth magnetic powder Sm-Fe-N. Parylene was utilized to fabricate springs to suspend four drive units and a center moving stage located in the four corners and the center of the actuator, respectively. The rare earth magnetic powder Sm-Fe-N with wax were embedded in the silicon frames of the drive units with a parylene layer, followed by magnetization by an 8 T pulse magnetic field to obtain permanent micromagnets. The motion of the center moving stage can be controlled by the drive units. To obtain an in-plane displacement in the XY axes, compensation coils were fabricated in a print circuit board (PCB) to eliminate the Lorentz force in the Z axis. The application of a direct current (DC) allowed the center moving stage to move in the XY axes by 55 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and rotate almost 3 degrees around the Z axis, respectively. The resonance frequencies of the motion in the XY axes and the rotation around the Z axis were 630 Hz and 675 Hz, respectively.

Multi-Axis Moving Coil Type Electromagnetic Actuator with Pure In-Plane Large Displacement and Rotation Angle by Using Parylene Beam and Metal Spring

Multi-Axis Moving Coil Type Electromagnetic Actuator with Pure In-Plane Large Displacement and Rotation Angle by Using Parylene Beam and Metal Spring

Design of a dual-coil type electromagnetic actuator for implantable bone conduction hearing devices

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the design and implementation of a dual-coil type electromagnetic actuator for implantable bone conduction hearing devices.OBJECTIVE: The structure of the proposed actuator was designed to generate maximum Lorentz force via the dual-coil method with a closed magnetic circuit. To satisfy the indications required by implantable bone conduction hearing devices, high output was generated within a specific frequency range using a vibrational membrane with a cantilever.METHODS: The structure of the membrane consists of a fixed ring, a circular plate, and two cantilevers connected symmetrically. Variable elements of the vibrational membrane affecting the actuator frequency characteristics were analyzed through mathematical modeling and finite element analysis, based on the analysis used to derive the optimum structure of the vibrational membrane. The components of the actuator were fabricated through chemical etching and computer numerical control process, and the bone conduction actuator was fabricated through the precision assembly process.RESULTS: The output characteristics of the implemented actuator were measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer. As a result of measurement, the proposed actuator generated mechanical resonance at 1.2 kHz.CONCLUSIONS: By comparing the measured results with the finite element analysis results, we confirmed the validity of the proposed actuator design.

Design of Intelligent Fast Switch Controller Based on CPLD

In view of the large volume, complex structure and many transmission links of the current circuit breaker operating mechanism, a new type of electromagnetic actuator and electronic controller are used to shorten the operation time. This paper introduces the hardware and software design of an intelligent fast switching controller based on CPLD. The hardware circuit design of the controller is mainly described, including power supply conversion and charging voltage monitoring, switch state monitoring, control command monitoring, relay output, LED indicator and split switch driving module. The optocoupler isolation is realized between input and output, and the thyristor module is used to drive the capacitor discharge. The feasibility of the design circuit is verified by the actual sampling waveform, which has the advantages of high-speed operation, intelligent control, high technical performance and reliable operation.

A Novel Design of the Rotary Electromagnetic Actuator and the Analysis of Critical Demagnetization State for Its Permanent Magnet

The rotary type electromagnetic actuator is often used in the electromagnetic mechanical components design, such as high-sensibility switch, signal electromagnetic relay, and so on. This type of actuator is required to have high conversion speed and action frequency, high signal reliability, and low power consumption per volume. In this paper, a new type of rotary electromagnetic actuator with permanent magnet (PM) is designed. Based on the polarity characteristics of PM, a couple of coils are designed in diagonal direction. A flux guide path is designed to optimize the magnetic circuit. PM is applied as the armature, and the electromagnetic system and the contact system are designed individually, which can achieve a high level maximum space utilization. In order to study the characteristic of PM, the PM is divided into several subsections. The migration analysis of the working point based on analytic model is carried on for the selection of PM, and the precise static characteristics of the actuator are analyzed by the finite-element model. The prototype actuator is assembled and tested, and the advantages of fast conversion speed and high reliability is verified by the test.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORCE CHARACTERISTIC OF ROTARY MOTION TYPE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

This paper addresses a rotary motion type of electromagnetic actuator that compares two types of electromagnetic actuators; i.e the Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) and the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator. The Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) actuator is the combination of permanent magnets (PM) and the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator. The force optimizations are accomplished by manipulating the actuator parameters; i.e. (i) the poles ratio of the stator and rotor; (ii) the actuator’s size; (iii) the number of winding turns; and (iv) the air gap thickness between the stator and rotor through Finite Element Analysis Method (FEM) using the ANSYS Maxwell 3D software. The materials implemented in the actuator’s parameters optimizations are readily available materials, especially in Malaysia. The excitation current used in FEM analysis for both actuators was between 0A and 2A with interval of 0.25A. Based on the FEM analyses, the best result was achieved by the Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) actuator. The PMSF actuator produced the largest magnetostatic thrust force (4.36kN) once the size is scaled up to 100% with the input current, 2A respectively. The maximum thrust force generated by the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator was 168.85μN, which is significantly lower in compared to the results of the PMSF actuator.

Automated Stand for Intelligent Actuators Regulators Setup Parameters

Modern electromagnetic actuators, in particular proportional solenoids, are complex mechatronic systems, including both an actuator and its control system. Electromagnetic actuators are often used in control systems of increased liability and therefore continuously evolving. The development of new types of electromagnetic actuators is based on experimental configuring of parameters of regulators and comprehensive product testing. The complexity and the continuous improvement of the currently used magnetic systems require new approaches to the management of high-precision position of the movable elements. This article discusses an integrated approach to research, monitoring, diagnostics and control of DC proportional solenoids. This approach is based on sensorless measuring of the complex flux-ampere characteristics of the electromagnetic system employed detecting malfunctions, and for determining the position of the movable drive member.

Adaptive Control System of an Electromagnetic Actuator for the Quickly Moving Flap of an Air-impulse-charging Internal Combustion Engine without using Position, velocity, or Acceleration Sensors

An adaptive control algorithm of a fast electromagnetic actuator has been developed without using position, velocity, or acceleration sensors. The algorithm is based on the fluctuation rate of the current in the electromagnet coil, which is measured during anchor movement. The proposed method and control algorithm compensate for external mechanical factors and are based on the interconnection of electric processes in the electromagnetic actuator coil, with mechanical processes relating to the movement of the movable element of the magnetic system. A structural diagram of a hardware device and an algorithm that implement the proposed control method are presented for a resonance type electromagnetic actuator, where there is a current change in the coil of the electromagnetic actuator. At each switching of the drive, parameters are controlled, and the length of pulse-width-modulated pulses is adjusted to ensure reliable switching and regulation of the anchor end. The control system responds to the disturbance in the current switching cycle. To test the adequacy of the proposed algorithm, an experimental model of an actuator with the proposed control system has been constructed, and its characteristics have been studied. It has been found out that the proposed algorithm ensures the required performance in terms of the operation speed and the lowest speed of the anchor landing without using position, velocity or acceleration sensors under external mechanical effects.

A new mount with moving-magnet type electromagnetic actuator for naval shipboard equipment

In this study, a new hybrid mount with a moving-coil-type electromagnetic actuator is developed to reduce the vibration transmitted from naval shipboard equipment to the ship hull structure. The detailed design of the hybrid mount is determined through several design stages with electromagnetic numerical analysis using Maxwell software. The hybrid mount, which combines a rubber mount with an electromagnetic actuator, has a fail-safe function for shock resistance. The mount is fabricated and tested using a universal testing machine to check the design specifications. Finally, control tests are carried out on the hybrid mount to confirm its performance and applicability.

A Study of a Multi-step Pole Type Electro-magnetic Actuator for Controlling Proportional Hydraulic Valve (Magnetic Flux Flow in the Actuator)

A Study of a Multi-step Pole Type Electro-magnetic Actuator for Controlling Proportional Hydraulic Valve (Magnetic Flux Flow in the Actuator)

Electromagnetic Actuators for Gravity Compensation and Vibration Isolation

In contrast with the vibration isolation regime, which requires active elements, the gravity compensation can be provided in a passive manner, i.e., without the need for power consumption. This paper presents two types of electromagnetic actuators whose design focuses on the passive gravity compensation and, furthermore, incorporate active elements which provide adjustability of their force response characteristics. The first actuator type mimics the behavior of a mechanical spring, i.e., positive and constant force stiffness, while the second type is characterized by a constant-force response, i.e., zero force stiffness. Two design solutions are obtained by means of aggressive output space-mapping optimization, and their respective characteristics are discussed.

A Study of a Multi-step Pole Type Electro-magnetic Actuator for Controlling Proportional Hydraulic Valve

In this study, a new electro-magnetic proportional actuator composed of an armature and stator with multi convex teeth to control oil hydraulic valves was designed and examined. Each of the convex teeth forms a magnetic pole, and when multiple magnetic poles produce a force simultaneously, a large thrust force is generated in the actuator. The shape of the teeth was varied and influence on the thrust force was examined. As a result, the interval between the convex teeth could be reduced. A 10-step pole type actuator was designed, and its thrust force was estimated. When the dimensions of this actuator are 52mm height, 68mm width, by 102mm length, its thrust force is constant within 2mm of the armature stroke, producing about 300N at an electric power consumption of 15W, and it generates the thrust force in proportion to the coil current. The thrust force of this actuator is about 2.5 times as large as that of conventional proportional solenoids and linear motors of the same installation area to the valve body, length and power consumption.

Application of a Uniform Pressure Actuator for Electromagnetic Processing of Sheet Metal

High-velocity electromagnetic sheet-metal forming and processing has many potential advantages over more conventional techniques, including: higher-forming limits, resistance to wrinkling and springback, one-sided tooling, and physical contact to only one side of the work piece. Traditional electromagnetic actuators are flat spirals that produce a nonuniform pressure distribution, limiting the types of parts that can be formed. A new type of electromagnetic actuator, the uniform pressure (UP) actuator, has been developed. The UP actuator can uniformly and efficiently accelerate conductive sheet metal to velocities on the order of 200 m/s or greater over distances of a few millimeters. When the material is arrested by impact with a tool, high-forming pressures can be imparted to it. The utility of the UP actuator is illustrated here by demonstrating its ability to form sheet metal components with intricate shape, to shock harden, and also to pick up nearly arbitrarily small details from a die surface. Thus, electromagnetic processing with the use of the UP actuator offers the unprecedented ability to simultaneously form and engineer the surface morphology and microstructure of sheet metal samples.

Inertial vibration control using a shunted electromagnetic transducer

Inertial drives and passive tuned-mass dampers utilize a suspended mass to reduce the vibration experienced by a host structure. Active vibration control systems typically include a voice coil type electromagnetic actuator to develop the required reaction forces. In this paper, the technique of sensorless active shunt control is applied to inertial vibration absorption. An electrical impedance is designed and connected to an electromagnetic coil with a view to minimizing structural vibration. Standard optimal control tools can be applied to design the required shunt impedance. This technique requires no additional feedback sensors. Vibration in an experimental structure is heavily attenuated by the application of an active shunt impedance.

A simple approach to electromagnetic actuator control based on asymptotically exact linearization

This paper deals with system identification and robust control of a nonlinear electromagnetic actuator and proposes a simple, robust, and easy-to-implement compensation law for linearization, known as asymptotically exact linearization. There are many practical applications where this type of electromagnetic actuator is used: electromagnetic valve actuators of combustion engines, artificial heart actuators, electromagnetic brakes, etc. The investigated system is open-loop unstable and nonlinear and has a restricted equilibrium region. System identification experiments are presented with an emphasis on the design procedure of an Open image in new window controller. The experimental results demonstrate that the controller design problem can be successfully handled within the framework of robust control. This paper reflects a rather pragmatic control approach and, although it does not introduce novel control strategies, might be valuable reading for practicing engineers.

PROOF-MASS INERTIAL VIBRATION CONTROL USING A SHUNTED ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSDUCER

Inertial drives and passive tuned-mass dampers utilize a suspended mass to reduce the vibration experienced by a host structure. Active vibration control systems typically include a voice-coil type electromagnetic actuator to develop the required reaction forces. In this paper, the technique of sensor-less active shunt control is applied to inertial vibration absorbtion. An electrical impedance is designed and connected to an electromagnetic coil with a view to minimizing structural vibration. Standard optimal control tools can be applied to design the required shunt impedance. The technique requires no additional feedback sensors. Vibration in an experimental structure is heavily attenuated by the application of an active shunt impedance.

328 System Identification and Robust Control of an Electromagnetic Actuator

The paper deals with system identification and robust control of an electromagnetic actuator. There are many practical applications where this type of electromagnetic actuator is used : electromagnetic valve actuators, magnetic levitation, active magnetic bearings, etc. The investigated system is open loop unstable, nonlinear, and it has a restricted equilibrium region. A single input, single output analytical model and system identification experiments are presented with emphasis on the design procedure of an H_&vprop; controller. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the controller design problem can be successfully handled within the framework of robust control.

Development of a Hybrid Haptic Master System Without Using a Force Sensor

A hybrid type master system is proposed to take the advantage of the link mechanism and magnetic levitation mechanism without using a force sensor. Two different types of electromagnetic actuators, moving coil type and moving magnet types are used to drive the master system which is capable of 4-DOF actuation. It is designed that the rotation motions about x-y axis are decoupled and the whole system is represented by simple dynamic equations. The force reflection is achieved by using the simple relation between the force and applied current and position. The simulation and experimental results are presented to show its performance.