Type Of Distribution Network Research Articles

A new data-driven distributed power grid load storage resource-wide area voltage self-optimization control method for distribution system

Abstract Different from the conventional energy distribution network, which solely relies on energy distribution, the novel distribution system gradually exhibits a complex and interconnected form of various resources, such as source network load storage. These resources possess characteristics of “multi-point, wide area, and small amount” distribution. Investigating the potential for wide-area voltage regulation by using distributed resources like renewable energy power generation, distributed energy storage, and flexible loads is crucial for constructing a highly integrated source network load storage in the new type of distribution system. This paper proposes a novel data-driven method for optimizing control of wide-area voltage through distributed power network load storage resources. By comprehensively and cooperatively controlling renewable energy power generation, energy storage systems, and flexible loads, this approach enhances the quality of wide-area voltage in the distribution network while ensuring optimal utilization of energy storage capacity and minimizing network losses. The effectiveness and advanced nature of this method are demonstrated by applying it to an urban distribution network example. Compared to traditional voltage regulation methods, this approach aligns better with the requirements for voltage regulation in the new type of distribution network.

Research on distribution–microgrid-coupled network demand response based on a multi-time scale

Under the background of “dual carbon” strategy, the integration of renewable energy adds volatility to the grid. Relying solely on generation-side resources for regulation is inadequate, necessitating a flexible demand response from diverse demandside resources. This paper employs a physical connection and information exchange between the distribution network and microgrids to leverage the advantages of centralized-distributed optimization. This establishes a coordinated demand response model between the distribution network and microgrids, gradually establishing a new type of distribution network that integrates interconnected grids and microgrids. This also necessitates the analysis of the response characteristics of various load resources within microgrids and the categorization and modeling of loads based on their response speeds. Additionally, a method for evaluating the multi-time scale schedulable capacity of microgrids is proposed. Finally, a coordinated demand response model between the distribution network and microgrids based on the schedulable capacity assessment is established. This model is validated through case studies, demonstrating its effectiveness. The coordinated demand response between distribution networks and microgrids enables them to operate in a collaborative and economically safe manner.

Renewable photovoltaic-thermal combined heat and power allocation optimization in radial and meshed integrated heat and electricity distribution networks with storages based on newly developed hybrid shuffled frog leaping algorithm

Benefiting from favorable operational efficiencies, photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) technology is considered as a viable alternative for combined heat and power (CHP) distributed generation; however, the realization of a full economic profit requires allocation optimization in terms of placement and size in integrated heat and electricity distribution networks. Also, the inability for dispatching renewable PVT requires considerations of heat and electricity storages. Further, the concerns with uncertainties in heat and electricity loads and uncertainties associated with solar irradiation for PVT-CHP must be addressed. The goal of this study is to develop a simulation model for allocation optimization of PVT-CHP as well as storages in radial and meshed integrated heat and electricity distribution networks considering growth in loads and prices, in addition to uncertainties, where the distribution company's (DisCo's) yearly economic profit from the employment of renewable PVT-CHP units is maximized over a long-term operation horizon. To enhance the utilization of PVT-CHP, electric heat pumps (EHPs) are used as links for the integration of heat and electricity distribution networks. For optimization, a newly developed hybrid shuffled frog leaping algorithm is proposed and validated in terms of accuracy and speed. The simulation results show that the DisCo's yearly economic profit is highly dependent on the allocation of PVT-CHP units, storages, EHPs, and the type of distribution network.

Drivers of non-revenue water: A cross-national analysis

Reducing water losses is seen as key to sustainable water management, but turns out to be challenging. This paper applies a panel data analysis with fixed effects to assess the major drivers of non-revenue water, some of which are under the control of utilities and some of which are not. The analysis finds that the most important drivers are population density per kilometer of network and type of distribution network, which are mostly resulting from urbanization patterns which are factors mostly out of the control of the utility. Yet, low opportunity costs of water losses and high repair costs of water losses have an important adverse effect on water loss reduction. We also found that the country environment in which the utility operates has an important impact on non-revenue water levels.

Organizational choices and performance in distribution systems

This article studies the performance of distribution networks as the result of a range of organizational choices. The analytical part of the article surveys the vast literature devoted to franchising and dual distribution. From this framework, several testable propositions linking network performance to organizational choices are derived. Three complementary criteria of performance are taken into account: the internationalization rate, the expansion rate and the market share. This article provides evidence for the simultaneity between these performance criteria, analytically related as indicators of the network commercial performance. Thus, the econometrical model is defined as a system of simultaneous equations, free of endogeneity regarding the explanatory variables. The estimations on recent French data obtained using the three-stage least squares method provide robust results and show that the type of distribution network, the number of company-owned outlets in the network, the type of sector and the choice to manage several networks simultaneously affect the performance.

Power distribution architectures to improve system efficiency of centralized medium scale PV street lighting system

Typically, stand-alone/decentralized off-grid solar street lighting solutions are designed for autonomy of 3–5days to meet 3–5days of low or no-insolation period. These decentralized systems meet the lighting load requirements even under bad weather condition but more than two–third of the year, the surplus solar energy remains unutilized. The small amount of unutilized surplus energy from a single street pole may not be sufficient to meet local energy needs. On the other hand centralized system will have enough energy capacity to meet many of the energy needs of rural community, such as by establishing solar charging stations (energy kiosks), or electric vehicle charging stations or even feeding to grid . This paper investigates various centralized power distribution architectures with the objective of improving system efficiency and simultaneously reducing system complexity. Among various distribution architectures for centralized street lighting system, narrow DC voltage bus architecture is most efficient and has higher reliability. Analytical work using MATHCAD has been undertaken to identify the boundaries of efficient distribution network; and is presented in this paper. During analysis, factors like load at each point, distribution range, type of distribution network, extension to grid and safety are taken into consideration. The analytical work though has been undertaken for centralized street lighting system, it is equally relevant to cluster of homes in off-grid or grid connected systems. One such 220V DC centralized street lighting system has been designed and tested in lab as well as in field. Experimental results of 220V DC centralized street lighting system are presented to illustrate system efficiency improvements over conventional 230V AC system.

Performance in Distribution Systems: What is the Influence of the Upstream Firm’s Organizational Choices?

This paper studies the performance of distribution networks as the result of a range of organizational choices made by the upstream firm. The analytical part of the paper surveys the vast literature devoted to franchising and to dual distribution. From this framework, several testable propositions are derived, linking the networks performance to the organizational choices. Three complementary criteria of performance are taken into account : the internationalization rate, the expansion rate, the market share. The paper provides evidence that these criteria are empirically related. Thus, a system of simultaneous equations is defined, free of endogeneity relating to the explanatory variables. The estimations on recent French data by means of the three-least squares method provide robust results, and show that the type of distribution network, the number of company-owned units in the network, the type of sector, and the choice to manage several networks simultaneously affect the performance in distribution systems.

Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve for the transportation problem of cross-docking network

This paper addresses the transportation problem of cross-docking network where the loads are transferred from origins (suppliers) to destinations (retailers) through cross-docking facilities, without storing them in a distribution center (DC). We work on minimizing the transportation cost in a network by loading trucks in the supplier locations and then route them either directly to the customers or indirectly to cross-docking facilities so the loads can be consolidated. For generating a truck operating plan in this type of distribution network, the problem was formulated using an integer programming (IP) model and solved using a novel ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. We solved several numerical examples for verification and demonstrative purposes and found that our proposed approach finds solutions that significantly reduce the shipping cost in the network of cross-docks and considerably outperform Branch-and-Bound algorithm especially for large problems.

Export Marketing Strategies for High Performance: Evidence from Spanish Exporting Companies

ABSTRACT This study argues that certain elements of a company's marketing strategy are more determinant than others of high exporting performance. Results using several multivariate methods (correspondence analysis, discriminant analysis, lineal and logistic regression) show that specific marketing strategies increase the probability of high involvement in foreign markets. For example, our findings reveal that degree of product adaptation, price competitiveness and type of distribution network are explanatory of high performing exporting. The type of distribution network, however, has the largest explanatory power and should be given more weight when designing export promotion policies.