Types Of Devices Research Articles

The interaction of technological affordances and user preferences: A corpus-based study of graphic features across Twitter and Discord

This paper investigates the influence of communication device on linguistic variation across two levels of scale. Drawing on the notion of affordances (Hutchby, 2001), it explores how technological differences between the computer and smartphone may shape, without ultimately determining, the use of graphic features. To do so, the empirical study uses the methodological approach of ‘scaling down’ the analysis of two features across device types: first letter capitalisation and emoji. The first step of analysis is purely quantitative, focusing on linguistic variation in a corpus of a million messages from Twitter (now X). The second step of analysis uses quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the same features within several thousand messages, by two known participants, across the platforms Twitter and Discord. Thus, the study integrates initial results from a large, anonymous corpus with a much smaller but more detailed one. Overall, device affordances are found to influence feature use; however, statistical tendencies regarding variation across device type do not necessarily hold true for each dimension of context or individual. The combination of different scales thus leads to a more thorough understanding of the influence of technology on linguistic variationand its limits in favour of contextual factors and individual preferences.

Experimental analysis on the prototype of decentralised air handling unit with ball-packed regenerator

Decentralised, wall mounted ventilation is one of alternative to typical – cross flow or “heat wheel” recovery air handling units (AHU) system when it is not possible to install it. It solves problems such as the need for more space, power consumption of fans, and investment costs. This experimental study aims to analyse the performance of the unique constructed decentralised air handling unit (DAHU) prototype that has a special balls-packed regenerative heat exchanger. The development of the DAHU also aimed to simplify the operation and production of the unit to make it more affordable and easier to manufacture. As the DAHU is constructed from individually sized components, the pressure losses of the diffuser, the regenerator, the screens to hold the balls, the filter and the fan were measured and the actual DAHU airflow was determined. The general operation of the DAHU was tested in a climatic chamber to determine the appropriate cycle times for this type of device, as well as the heat recovery efficiency at different outdoor air temperatures. Five different DAHU operating cycles were analysed. It was found that the duration of supply air must be longer than the duration of extract air to achieve higher efficiency. Therefore, DAHU's subsequent heat exchanger studies were performed for four airflows. The highest DAHU heat recovery efficiency was achieved (above 70%) with a supply and extract duration of 150 s. It has been found that the efficiency of this DAHU increases with decreasing outdoor air temperature because of the storage properties of the balls. The analysis showed that this type of DAHU could be suitable for use in cooler and colder climates.

Association Between Impella Device Type and Short-Term Prognosis in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock Receiving ECPELLA Support.

The prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) remains unsatisfactory even in the era of Impella, especially among the patients who receive concomitant veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support (i.e., ECPELLA). The prognostic impact of Impella device type in patients with AMI-CS receiving ECPELLA support remains uncertain.Patients with AMI-CS who had received Impella-incorporated temporary mechanical circulatory support between 2020 and 2022 were prospectively registered in the Japanese Registry for Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device (J-PVAD). The prognostic impact of Impella device type on the 30-day mortality in patients receiving ECPELLA therapy was retrospectively investigated.A total of 996 patients receiving ECPELLA therapy (median 69 years; out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 36.8%; lactate 8.2 mmol/L) were included. The device type of Impella 5.0/5.5 (n = 73) was associated with a lower 30-day mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.575 (95% confidence interval 0.369-0.895, P = 0.0143) and a lower 30-day cumulative mortality (35.6% versus 56.8%, P = 0.0002) compared with the Impella 2.5/CP (n = 923).Among the patients with AMI-CS receiving ECPELLA support, Impella 5.0/5.5 use was significantly associated with a lower 30-day mortality compared with smaller Impella devices. Implementing an Impella 5.5 or Impella upgrade from CP to 5.5 may improve the short-term prognosis in patients with advanced AMI-CS who are receiving ECPELLA support.

How to supply more solar energy to reactive sites for highly efficient artificial photosynthesis

Abstract Artificial photosynthesis mimics the function of natural photosynthesis, producing solar fuels from only CO2 and water using solar energy. Hence, it is a promising technology to reduce net CO2 emission. The first step of the artificial photosynthetic production is harvesting solar energy to supply energetic charge carriers, which is common to solar cells (SCs) used for solar photovoltaics. In this Review, we discuss the means to improve the efficiencies of the first step. The steadiest means is to split solar spectrum into plural ranges using plural light-absorbing materials with different bandgaps. Indeed, this means has been successfully applied to solar photovoltaics to realize highly efficient multijunction SCs. We review concrete implementations of the solar-spectrum splitting on the three types of the artificial photosynthetic devices: the combination of SCs and electrochemical reactors, photoelectrochemical reactors using photoelectrodes, and photocatalytic reactors. In particular, we highlight the similarities and differences in the design criteria between the artificial photosynthetic devices and SCs used for solar photovoltaics; the differences originate from that the former operates at a specific narrow voltage (or carrier energy) range slightly higher than the thermodynamic threshold of the target reaction whereas the latter at the maximal power (product of voltage and current) point. Application of new concepts originally developed for solar photovoltaics including photon upconversion, two-step excitation via intermediate bands, and hot-carrier extraction would be attractive, in particular for the photocatalysts to balance the high efficiency and simple configuration. Some of these concepts on the photocatalysts have been proven, however, not yet improved the performance. Thus, this Review serves as a guide for the strategies to supply more solar energy to the reactive sites. Technological developments on the basis of these strategies could accelerate the practical and widespread use of artificial photosynthesis, contributing to solving the global warming problem.

Self‐Powered High‐Responsivity Self‐Supporting SiC/SnO2 Nanoarray Photoelectrochemical Ultraviolet Photodetector: Toward All‐Scenario Harsh Underwater Applications

AbstractBattery‐free photodetection is necessary for underwater optical communication, which poses extremely high requirements in terms of the self‐powering capability of photodetectors (PDs) and their ability to operate in harsh liquid environments. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC) PDs are appealing owing to their inherent aqueous operation behaviors with highly tunable photoresponses. Herein, a novel self‐powered PEC ultraviolet (UV) PD applicable to all‐scenario harsh underwater environments, including seawater at different latitudes and solutions with different pH values and temperatures, is demonstrated based on integrated self‐supporting SiC/SnO2 heterojunction nanoarrays. The SiC/SnO2 heterojunction nanoarrays are achieved by utilizing the anodic oxidation and chemical bath deposition. The SiC/SnO2 PEC PD demonstrates excellent photodetection performance with rapid rise/decay times (τr/τd, 30/120 ms), high responsivity (Rλ, 1.97 A W−1), remarkable detectivity (D*, 1.98 × 1011 Jones), and large external quantum efficiency (EQE, 65.5%) in seawater under 375 nm UV light illumination with zero bias voltage. Moreover, the PEC PD delivers a high photoresponse and excellent aging stability in different latitudes of the world's oceans. The photodetection capability is robust even under harsh conditions, such as strongly acidic and alkaline liquid conditions, and at high temperatures. The developed device is a new type of photodetection device for future all‐scenario underwater optical communication.

Latching control for pendulum tuned mass damper: Theoretical analysis and proof-of-concept experiment

Long-period vibrations are very common in various flexible structures, such as high-rise buildings and floating structures. Inspired by latching-based phase optimization in wave energy converters (WECs), a latching control mechanism is applied to realize long-period vibration control. Based on pendulum tuned mass dampers which are a traditional type of vibration control device, an innovative pendulum latched mass damper (PLMD) is proposed, fabricated, and investigated for the first time in this study. First, the concept of PLMD is introduced, and the theoretical model is established. Second, the mechanism and semi-active control strategies for the proposed PLMD are designed. Third, an innovative bench-scale PLMD system is designed and fabricated, wherein the latching control is achieved by using a permanent magnet (PM) brake. Proof-of-concept experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to examine the characteristics, feasibility, and effectiveness of the proposed PLMD. The effects of different latching strategies and time delay are particularly discussed. The proposed latching control mechanism will offer a new and promising solution to remarkably advance long-period vibration control and adaptive-frequency vibration control for various engineering structures.

A quadrupole-based approach for integrated building simulation and energy-efficient load control

This paper is an extension of our previous work in which an exact analytical method was used to model the transient heat transfer behavior in buildings. The method concerns a quadrupole-based approach (QD), where a general equation is set for each zone's heat balance to obtain either temperature or heat rates. The proposed model proved its ability to accurately account for indoor thermal masses with short computation time. In this work, we are aiming to further validate the ability of the quadrupole-based method to model such combined effects as thermal mass, direct solar gain windows, internally generated heat, infiltration, and more particularly, setback thermostat control, with heating and cooling control inside a single zone by developing a convenient algorithm. For this, two reference cases from the Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST), reported in ANSI/ASHRAE standard 140, are selected: the 640 case (light-weighted materials) and 940 case (heavy-weighted materials). Results of the simulations in terms of annual energy demand as well as power peaks have been compared between the QD-based algorithm and other whole building simulation programs. For a more accurate analysis, results of our developed algorithm have been compared to those issued from EnergyPlus (EP) alone, in reference to the BESTEST methodology, by generating monthly energy demand, power peaks as well as annual energy demands. Indeed, some discrepancies have been noticed since both models use different algorithms. However, our model has been successfully validated by the BESTEST methodology and proved its efficiency in terms of defining the required exact power that needs to be deployed. In addition to this, the algorithm can be immediately used in real physical control regardless of the type of heating device.

Plume discharge strategies for artificial downwelling in stagnant linear stratified environments

Artificial downwelling (AD) potentially mitigates oceanic hypoxia by utilizing pipelines or other artificial structures to transport oxygen-rich seawater from the surface to greater depths. However, limited research has focused on determining the discharge parameters for surface waters, which can often rise back to the upper layer or scour the seafloor sediments if discharged at inappropriate parameters. To address this issue, this study proposes a theory for determining the optimal discharge height of oxygen-rich plumes based on their hydrodynamic characteristics. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a linearly stratified flume to validate the theoretical model. The results show that the proposed theory can effectively calculate the important parameters of the AD jet, including the maximum depth, spread depth, and thickness of the intrusion layer. Furthermore, based on the theory of optimal discharge height, this paper provides plume discharge strategies for a typical AD device in field applications to regulate the operating parameters of the AD equipment, which can effectively keep the oxygen-enriched seawater completely in the hypoxic layer, avoid sediment-suspended secondary pollution, and maximize the oxygenation efficiency in different sea conditions.

3D Nano Hafnium‐Based Ferroelectric Memory Vertical Array for High‐Density and High‐Reliability Logic‐In‐Memory Application

AbstractA new type of ferroelectric memory device with high reliability and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility characteristics is an important condition for achieving integrated memory and computing chips. Here, 3D stacked ferroelectric memory devices based on ferroelectric materials of HfO2 are fabricated. The device exhibits high speed (50 ns), low read voltage (0.5 V), and great reliability with no substantial degradation after 1010 cycles and a 10‐years data retention at 85 °C. The IMP and NAND logic are achieved with stable memory window (>200 mV) across the vertical devices’ interconnection. On this basis, combining with the traditional CMOS logic device, multiple combination logic functions containing NOT, AND, and NOR are achieved by simulation. The collaboration of devices in the vertical direction providing the possibility of combining multi‐bit logic in memory functions and paves the way for the implementation of high‐density, high‐reliability, and low‐energy consumption computing‐in‐memory chips compatible with the CMOS technology.

Respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users without an established smoking history in the VERITAS cohort

Prior research on e-cigarettes’ health impacts is inconclusive due to confounding by previous tobacco smoking. Studies of e-cigarette use among people without an established smoking history are informative for this question. A cross-sectional survey was administered across six geopolitical world regions to adults aged 18+ without a history of established cigarette smoking or regular use of other nicotine/tobacco products. Two cohorts were defined based on e-cigarette use: “Vapers Cohort” (N = 491) who used e-cigarettes in the past 7 days and “Control Cohort” (N = 247) who never regularly used e-cigarettes. Frequency of respiratory symptoms (Respiratory Symptom Evaluation Score (RSES)) were compared between cohorts, adjusting for sociodemographics. Tobacco use history and patterns of e-cigarette use was also examined. Respiratory symptoms were rare among both the Vapers and Control Cohorts: 83.3% and 88.4%, respectively, reported “rarely” or “never” experiencing all five RSES items (p = 0.125). The Vapers (vs. Control) Cohort reported modestly more frequent respiratory symptoms (adjusted mean RSES 1.61 vs. 1.43, respectively, p < 0.001); however, this difference (0.18) did not reach the threshold of clinical relevance (0.57). The Vapers (vs. Control) Cohort more often reported former cigarette experimentation (30.8% vs. 12.1%) and former infrequent use of other nicotine/tobacco products (18.1% vs. 5.8%). The Vapers Cohort most often used disposable devices (63.7%) and multiple flavors (approximately 70–80% across primary device type). In this cohort of adults without a history of established combustible tobacco use, e-cigarette use was statistically linked to more frequent respiratory symptoms, though not in a clinically meaningful way. The cross-sectional design of this study cannot establish causality between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms.

Spintronic Pathways in a Nonconjugated Radical Polymer Glass

AbstractRadical chemistries have attracted burgeoning attention due to their intriguing technological applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, and magneto‐responsive systems. However, the potential of these magnetically active glassy polymers to transport spin‐selective currents has not been demonstrated. Here, the spin‐transport characteristics of the radical polymer poly(4‐glycidyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl) (PTEO) allow for sustained spin‐selective currents when incorporated into typical device geometries with magnetically polarized electrodes. Annealing thin films of PTEO above its glass transition temperature results in a giant magnetoresistance effect (i.e., an MR of ≈80%) at 4 K. Additionally, ferromagnetic resonance spin‐pumping results in a relatively large effective spin‐mixing conductance of 1.18 × 1019 m−2 at the NiFe/PTEO interface. Due to the large spin‐density and radical‐radical exchange interactions, there is effective propagation of pure spin currents through PTEO in the NiFe/PTEO/Pd multilayer devices. This results in the transport of spin current over long distances with a spin diffusion length of 90.4 nm. The spin diffusion length and spin mixing conductance values surpass those reported in inorganic and metallic systems and are comparable to conventional doped conjugated polymers. This is the first example of spin transport in a nonconjugated radical polymer, and these findings underscore the promising spin‐transporting potential of radical polymers.

Theoretical and numerical study of the thermo-mechanical coupling effect on the fluid viscous damper

The fluid viscous damper (FVD) is a typical passive energy dissipation device applied to civil engineering structures for vibration control. However, the heat generated during its operation will alter the properties of the fluid, thereby affecting the damping force. This study explores the thermo-mechanical coupling effect on the performance of the FVD. A theoretical model is developed based on fluid dynamics and thermodynamics to reflect the interaction between the real-time damping force and temperature of the FVD. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to investigate the impact of the thermo-mechanical coupling effect on the hysteresis performance of the damper and validate the proposed calculation method. The dynamic behavior and vibration mitigation effectiveness of the FVD considering the thermo-mechanical coupling effect are examined based on time history analysis on a single-degree-of-freedom and a multi-degree-of-freedom system. The results indicate that the increased temperature will lead to a reduction in the damping force, while the degraded force will in turn slow the temperature rise. Long-duration and high-intensity excitations can significantly amplify the impact of the thermo-mechanical coupling effect, thus it is essential to be considered in designing dampers for loads in the service stage and major earthquakes. The thermo-mechanical coupling effect on the supplemental damping ratio of the damper is greater than that on structural response control effectiveness, thereby it cannot be neglected when the damping ratio is used as the design criterion for FVDs.

Data analysis software for medical wearables

Abstract. The medical wearable device data analysis software of this product analyzes the measurement data through the data connection with various types of medical wearable devices, compares the standard values of various data of each age group, and a number of data that do not meet the standard values or a certain item that does not meet their daily average value for many days will be identified as an abnormal situation, and the user will be reminded to do a personalized physical examination, and the software will recommend a suitable time for the user to conduct a personalized physical examination according to the users location. And through the introduction of blockchain technology, the safe storage and sharing of medical wearable device data is realized while protecting user privacy. In addition, the medical wearable device data analysis software is built into a social health management platform, where users can share and exchange health data, experiences and recommendations. By socializing the app, you can increase user engagement and loyalty, and attract more users to use the app.

Room‐temperature Magnetocapacitance Spanning 97K Hysteresis in Molecular Material

AbstractMagnetic capacitor, as a new type of device, has broad application prospects in fields such as magnetic field sensing, magnetic storage, magnetic field control, power electronics and so on. Traditional magnetic capacitors are mostly assembled by magnetic and capacitive materials. Magnetic capacitor made of a single material with intrinsic properties is very rare. This intrinsic property is magnetocapacitance (MC). The studies on MC effect have mainly focused on metal oxides so far. No study was reported in molecular materials. Herein, two complexes: (CETAB)2[CuCl4] (1) and (CETAB)2[CuBr4] (2) (CETAB=(2‐chloroethyl)trimethylammonium) are reported. There exist strong H−Br and Br−Br interactions and other weak interactions in complex 2, so the phase transition energy barrier is high, resulting in the widest thermal hysteresis loop on a molecular level to date. Furthermore, complexes 1 and 2 show large MC parameters of 0.247 and 1.614, respectively, which is the first time to observe MC effect in molecular material.

The Impact of Digital Devices on Children's Health: A Systematic Literature Review.

The impact of prolonged digital device exposure on physical and mental health in children has been widely investigated by the scientific community. Additionally, the lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic further exposed children to screen time for e-learning activities. The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022315596) was to evaluate the effect of digital device exposure on children's health. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was additionally explored to verify the further exposure of children due to the e-learning environment. Available online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, BASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for study selection. The PICO model was followed by including a target population of children aged 2 to 12 years, exposed or not to any type of digital devices, while evaluating changes in both physical and mental health outcomes. The quality assessment was conducted by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines were followed to provide data synthesis. Forty studies with a total sample of 75,540 children were included in this systematic review. The study design was mainly cross-sectional (n = 28) and of moderate quality (n = 33). Overall, the quality score was reduced due to recall, selection, and detection biases; blinding procedures influenced the quality score of controlled trials, and outcome validity reduced the quality score of cohort studies. Digital device exposure affected physical activity engagement and adiposity parameters; sleep and behavioral problems emerged in children overexposed to digital devices. Ocular conditions were also reported and associated with higher screen exposure. Home confinement during COVID-19 further increased digital device exposure with additional negative effects. The prolonged use of digital devices has a significant negative impact on children aged 2 to 12, leading to decreased physical activity, sleep disturbances, behavioral issues, lower academic performance, socioemotional challenges, and eye strain, particularly following extended online learning during lockdowns.

A scoping review of digital fabrication techniques applied to prosthetics &amp; orthotics: Part 2 of 2—orthotics

Introduction: Traditionally, orthosis manufacturing is time and labor-intensive. Digitalization of some of the fabrication process is already ubiquitous, yet extension across device types could reduce the burden of manual labor and advance automation to help unblock access to assistive technologies globally. It seems, however, that appropriately strong evidence is holding this back. This review looks to thoroughly examine the current state of evidence to make this clear. Objectives: To identify gaps in the literature that create barriers to decision-making on either appropriate uptake by clinical teams or setting research directions, by identifying what forms of evidence the current research literature provides to the orthotics community. Study design: Scoping literature review. Methods: A comprehensive search was completed in the following databases: AMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health Archive, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ACM, IEEE, and Engineering Village, resulting in 3487 articles to be screened. Results: After screening, 121 lower limb orthosis, 104 upper limb orthosis, and 30 spinal orthosis articles were included in this review. For some areas such as CAD/CAM-produced insoles and spinal orthoses, the evidence base is strong. For most additive manufacture articles, long-term, larger-scale studies as well as research into training requirements are lacking. Conclusion: The advantages of digital fabrication technology that could streamline orthotic device production in many cases are still blocked by a lack of strong formal evidence, ie large longitudinal studies with a range of evaluation measures. Increased collaboration between clinicians, patient/service users, academia, and industry could be a route to addressing these gaps and creating a better pathway to market for new technologies.

PEMFC Gas-Feeding Control: Critical Insights and Review

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are currently a relatively mature type of hydrogen energy device due to their high efficiency and low noise compared to traditional power devices. However, there are still challenges that hinder the large-scale application of PEMFCs. One key challenge lies in the gas supply system, which is a complex, coupled nonlinear system. Therefore, an effective control strategy is essential for the efficient and stable operation of the gas control system. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the control strategies for PEMFC anode and cathode supply systems based on an analysis of 182 papers. The review covers modern control theories and optimization algorithms, including their design, objectives, performance, applications, and so on. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of these control methods are thoroughly evaluated and summarized.

Non-magnetic continuum quasi bound terahertz non-reciprocal device

The terahertz isolator breaks the Lorentz reciprocity and is a typical non-reciprocal unidirectional transmission device, which is an indispensable and important component in terahertz systems. Due to the loss of terahertz radiation in current non-reciprocal materials, terahertz non-reciprocal devices remain a significant challenge. By combining third-order nonlinearity with the out of plane asymmetry and in-plane breaking of device structures, a nonlinear silicon grating metasurface terahertz isolator is proposed. By controlling the quasi-bound state radiation linewidth of the continuum medium, the designed silicon grating metasurface structure has an isolation of 12.08 dB and an insertion loss of 4.7 dB under terahertz intensity of 0.5 MW/cm2. This device provides a new solution for the design of terahertz non-reciprocal devices and has great application prospects in terahertz integrated systems.

Abstract 4136286: Safety Events with a Large-Bore Aspiration Thrombectomy Device for Pulmonary Embolism: An analysis of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experiences from 2018 to 2024

Introduction: Large bore thrombectomy is increasingly used to treat acute PE. Post-market surveillance using the U.S. FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database may capture serious device adverse events (AE) not described in small pre-market clinical trials. We aim to analyze serious AE associated with use of the Inari Medical (Irvine, California) large bore thrombectomy system to treat PE. Methods: All MAUDE events between January 1, 2018 and May 1, 2024 involving PE treatment with Triever and Flowtriever devices were reviewed and categorized based on device type, incident year, and clinical event. Based on narrative description, AE were placed into categories of cardiac, pulmonary, device malfunction, anemia, and other. Results: A total of 58 AE reports representing 50 unique clinical episodes were included. MAUDE event types were death (n=32), injury (n=23) and malfunction (n=3), and the majority (45/58) involved the larger aspiration catheters (Table 1). Death occurred in 27 of 50 unique episodes. Cardiac injury (n=19) and pulmonary injury (n=18) were most common and included 25 serious perforations. Serious AEs are listed in Table 2. Device malfunction/improper use was rare (n=7) and was not associated with death. Paradoxical embolism was described causing stroke and coronary occlusion. 3 of 4 blood loss AEs occurred prior to 2021. Conclusion: This report includes the largest description of reported AEs with large bore aspiration thrombectomy systems used to treat PE. This report describes serious events, often associated with death, that are likely infrequent and were not detected in pivotal studies or registries. Understanding these AEs may guide future technique and device refinement, and the current findings demonstrate the importance of large post-approval studies.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL BALLISTIC PROTECTION MEANS USED IN THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR

The present scientific paper presents a comparative analysis of the different types of individual ballistic protection devices, particularly focusing on body armor used in the high-intensity conflict between Russia and Ukraine. With the advancement of technologies and the introduction of new tactics in modern conflicts, losses of personnel significantly increased. The use of effective individual ballistic protection devices substantially reduces these losses. The report examines the following parameters to compare different types of body armor: class of ballistic protection, weight, protective area, and comfort in use. To conduct the analysis, available literary sources, military reports, and feedback from the personnel of the countries involved in the conflict were studied.