Types Of Case-control Studies Research Articles

Angka konsumsi ikan, cara pengolahan ikan dan prevalensi stunting Di Desa Kuta Blang, Kecamatan Samadua, Kabupaten Aceh Selatan

Stunting is nutritional status based on the PB/U or TB/U index, which is the anthropometric standard of research on the nutritional status of children the results of these measurements are in the threshold (Z-score) < - 2 SD to -3 SD (stunted). The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is quite high. One of the causes is inadequate nutrition during the growth period. Consuming fish can provide nutritional intake, protein and micronutrients to support the growth and development of children. The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of fish consumption, and fish processing techniques with the prevalence of stunting. This research is a type of case control study. The research subjects were 117 families, with details of 78 non-stunted families and 39 stunting families. This research was conducted in Kuta Blang Village, Samadua District, Aceh Selatan Regency in September-October 2021. The data analyzed using Chi-square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between fish consumption rates and stunting prevalence (p= 309) and there was a relationship between fish processing techniques/ processing methods and stunting prevalence (p=0.002).Keywords: Fish consumption; fishery food; Processing techniques; Stunting

Fish consumption rate, fish processing method and stunting prevelance in Kuta Blang Village, Samadua Sub-District, South Aceh

Stunting is the nutritional status based on the index of PB/U or TB/U where in anthropometric standards of research on the nutritional status of children, the measurement results are in the Threshold of (z-scrore) <-2 SD to -3 SD (short/stunted). Indonesian has a fairly high prevelance of Stunting. One of the causes is inadequate nutrition during the growth period. Rating fish can provide protein and micronutrient nutrition to supportchildern's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fish consumption Rates, processing methods and Stunting prevalence. This research is a type of case control study. With research subjects 117 families (78 non-stunted families and 39 stunted families). The research was conducted in the village of Kuta Blang, Samadua district, South Aceh district in September-October. Statistical analysisi using Chi-square test. From this study, it was found that there was no relationship between the number of fish consumption (p=309) and theprvalence of Stunting and there was a significant relationship between how to process (cook) fish and the prevelance of Stunting (p=0,002).Keywords: fish consumption; how to process; stuntingKeywords: fish consumption; how to process; stunting

Diagnostic evaluation of alpha tumor necrosis factor and iron profile in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with and without anemia

Tuberculosis is the 9th leading cause of deaths worldwide. In chronic diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), inflammation due to bacterial burden play a vital role in patho-physiology of anaemia. Functions of erythropoietin (EPO) is affected by inflammation. The present study was an analytical type of case control study. The study included 100 newly diagnosed anaemic PTB cases and 50 newly diagnosed non anaemic PTB controls. PTB was confirmed by microscopic examination of sputum specimen for the detection of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB). Both cases and controls were subjected to iron profile and serum α-TNF were analysed by ELISA method. Significantly higher levels of α-TNF(214.56±82.30) was observed in anemic PTB cases than that of non-anemic PTB cases (p<0.001). Iron profile was also found significantly higher in anaemic PTB group in non anaemic PTB group. Significantly inverse correlation was observed between α-TNF and iron (r=-0.257, p<0.05) and α-TNF and Ferritin (r=-0.202, p<0.05) and Iron and Ferritin in both the groups. Increased α-TNF associated with increased bacterial burden and relatively decreased Iron. Cytokine-mediated defence against microbial pathogen causes effective withholding of iron within macrophages which affects erythropoiesis.

Assessment of Cytokine (α-TNF) with Erythropoietin and their Correlation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Anaemia

Globally tuberculosis is the 9th leading cause of death worldwide. As pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic disease, anaemia of inflammation due to bacterial burden play a vital role in pathophysiology of anaemia. Inflammation interferes with erythropoietin (EPO) function.
 Methods: The present study was an analytical type of case control study. The study included 100 newly diagnosed anaemic PTB cases and 50 newly diagnosed non anaemic PTB controls. The PTB was confirmed by microscopic examination of sputum specimen for the detection of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB). Both cases and controls were subjected to hematological analysis by automated cell counter and serum α-TNF and EPO by ELISA method.
 Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in levels of both α-TNF and EPO in anemic and non-anemic PTB groups (p<0.001). α-TNF (214.56±82.30) levels were found to be significantly higher in anaemic PTB group while EPO level (58.44 ±14.97) were found to be significantly higher in non anaemic PTB group. Significant inverse correlation (r1=cases, r2=controls) was observed between α-TNF and EPO (r=-0.257, p<0.05) and α-TNF and Hb (r=-0.202, p<0.05) in both the groups.
 Conclusion: Increased α-TNF with decreased EPO and hemoglobin infers that inflammation interferes with normal functioning of EPO and probably contributes in induction of anemia in tuberculosis patients.

Diabetics and Oral Health: A Case-Control Study

Background: Diabetes is a predominant health problem today and characterized by abnormally high blood sugar. According to World Health Organization (WHO) this clinical condition is increasing worldwide due to urbanization and physical inactivity uncontrolled diabetes develop ulceration, infection, tooth decay and decrease oral health status. Objectives: For the assessment of oral health condition and according to treatment required among the diabetic and non-diabetic patients is dental department of Cox’s Bazar Medical College Hospital, Cox’s Bazar. Method: This was a case-control type of study carried among 150 diabetics and 150 non-diabetics for 8 months period. Date was collected by direct interview of both diabetics and non-diabetics and clinical examination of oral cavity & also lab test. Results: Prevalence of Dental caries was higher in diabetics (58.6%) than non-diabetics (21.6%) and also prevalence of periodontal disease more in diabetics (93.2%) than non-diabetics (82.6%). Conclusion: Oral health is mirror image of general health. Dental caries and periodontal disease are more in diabetics than non-diabetics complex treatment required more in diabetics than non-diabetics. So, regular dental care is necessary for diabetic patients. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 32-34

A Study of Serum Zinc level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important reason of death in the world. There are some established risk factors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but measurement of trace element like zinc can be helpful in the prevention and better management of AMI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum zinc in AMI patients. This is a case control type of study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of January 2015 to December 2015 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Acute myocardial infarction patients were selected as case (50) from coronary care unit (CCU), Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Normal healthy individuals were selected as control (50) from the attendants of patients, relatives and doctors. Serum level of zinc was assessed for both case and control groups. The mean values of the variable were compared between them by statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. For all the statistical analysis p<0.05 was considered as significant. The mean values of serum zinc were 73.18±21.14μg/dl in cases. The mean values of serum zinc were 11.04±23.06 μg/dl in control group. Significant differences were found in mean values between case and control groups and differences were very highly significant (p-value<0.001). In AMI serum zinc levels were found to decrease in this study. Serum zinc is an important trace element act as cofactor in many biochemical reactions. Decrease level of this important trace element may contribute to pathogenesis of AMI. So with other biochemical risks parameters, routine assessment of serum zinc level is advocated, which might be helpful for prevention and better management of AMI.
 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2020;15(2): 92-94

Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases with and without Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: - Hypertension is one of the major public health issue and also have an important area ofresearch. Its high prevalence and being a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications.Hypertension accounts for the majority of hypertension in individuals with diabetes, particularly those withType-2 diabetes.Objectives. To study association of hypertension with diabetes and also find out the prevalence ofhypertension in type-II diabetes, CAD patients with or without type-II diabetes mellitus.Materials & Methods: - It is a type of case control study among the rural population of kamothe, whereA total of 120 subjects were included in the study among which 90 were in study subjects and 30 were incontrol groups and among the study subjects (i.e.-90) 30 were in CAD with diabetes, 30 were in CAD and30 in Diabetes mellitus respectively. BMI was calculated by height and weight and BP was recorded. Bloodsugar were measured by enzymatic method on EM-200 analyzerResults:-The mean level of BMI in the group –II that is in the coronary artery disease with diabetes is24.22 ± 1.0, in only coronary artery diseases was 20.65 ± 2.0 and in only diabetes subjects was 24.39±1.0of the study subjects in the comparison of control subjects i.e. 23.17 ± 1.78 and we have also found thestatistical significance (P-0.001) in all the study groups. In the aspects of Blood pressure distribution, wehave distributed it into different stage of hypertension and found that more number of patients from groupIII i.e. only CAD and found 83% diastolic BP in pre hypertension stages and 60% were hypertensive andin only DM, there were 56% SBP and 60% DBP in pre-hypertensive.Conclusion: - Periodic evaluation of patient with pre hypertension and hypertension by applying lifestyle modifications and may favor the good outcome and also prompt the treatment of hypertension andhyperglycemia.

435P Hypnotics and risk of cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies

The association between hypnotic drugs and risk of cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate this association. Pubmed and Embase were searched systematically were searched to identify publications up to May 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies was used to assess the quality of studies. All included studies were evaluated by two reviewers independently; any discrepancies were resolved through discussion. A total of 28 observational epidemiological studies including 22 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies with 340,614 hypnotics users and 1,828,057 non-users were included in the final analyses. Hypnotics (benzodiazepines and Z-drugs) use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer (odds ratio [OR] or relative risk [RR] 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.26) in a random-effects meta-analysis of all studies. Subgroup meta-analyses by various factors such as study design, type of case-control study, study region, and methodological quality of study showed consistent findings. Also, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between the use of hypnotics and the risk of cancer. This meta-analysis revealed association between use of hypnotics drugs and risk of cancer. However, a high heterogeneity was observed among identified studies and results were inconsistent in some subgroups. Randomized control trials are needed to confirm the results in future.

A Test-Negative Design with Additional Population Controls Can Be Used to Rapidly Study Causes of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic.

Testing of symptomatic persons for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is occurring worldwide. We propose two types of case-control studies that can be carried out jointly in test settings for symptomatic persons. The first, the test-negative case-control design (TND) is the easiest to implement; it only requires collecting information about potential risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the tested symptomatic persons. The second, standard case-control studies with population controls, requires the collection of data on one or more population controls for each person who is tested in the test facilities, so that test-positives and test-negatives can each be compared with population controls. The TND will detect differences in risk factors between symptomatic persons who have COVID-19 (test-positives) and those who have other respiratory infections (test-negatives). However, risk factors with effect sizes of equal magnitude for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections will not be identified by the TND. Therefore, we discuss how to add population controls to compare with the test-positives and the test-negatives, yielding two additional case-control studies. We describe two options for population control groups: one composed of accompanying persons to the test facilities, the other drawn from existing country-wide healthcare databases. We also describe other possibilities for population controls. Combining the TND with population controls yields a triangulation approach that distinguishes between exposures that are risk factors for both COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and exposures that are risk factors for just COVID-19. This combined design can be applied to future epidemics, but also to study causes of nonepidemic disease.

Serum Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Observation from Bangladeshi Patients

Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but measurement of macro metals like magnesium can be helpful in the prevention and better management of AMI. The aim of this study was to estimate serum magnesium in AMI. This is a case control type of study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of January 2015 to December 2015 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Acute myocardial infarction patients were selected as case (50) from coronary care unit (CCU), Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Normal healthy individuals were selected as control (50) from the attendants of patients, relatives and doctors. Serum level of magnesium were assessed for both case and control groups. The mean values of the variable were compared between them by statistical analysis using SPSS version 16. For all the statistical analysis P<0.05 was considered as significant. The mean values of serum magnesium were 1.63±0.27mg/dl in cases. The mean values of serum magnesium were 2.35±0.28 mg/dl in control group. Significant differences were found in mean values between case and control groups and differences were highly significant (p<0.001). In AMI, serum magnesium level was found to be lower in this study. Serum magnesium is an important trace element that act as cofactor in many biochemical reactions. Decrease level of this important trace element may contribute to pathogenesis of AMI. So with other biochemical risk parameters, routine assessment of serum magnesium level is advocated, which might be helpful for prevention and better management of AMI.
 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 71-73

General concepts in biostatistics and clinical epidemiology: observational studies with case-control design.

Case-control studies have been essential to the field of epidemiology and in public health research. In this design, data analysis is carried out from the outcome to the exposure, that is, retrospectively, as the association between exposure and outcome is studied between people who present a condition (cases) and those who do not (controls). They are thus very useful for studying infrequent conditions, or for those that involve a long latency period. There are different case selection methodologies, but the central aspect is the selection of controls. Data collection can be retrospective (obtained from clinical records) or prospective (applying data collection instruments to participants). Depending on the objective of the study, different types of case-control studies are available; however, all present a particular vulnerability to information bias and confounding, which can be controlled at the level of design and in the statistical analysis. This review addresses general theoretical concepts concerning case-control studies, including their historical development, methods for selecting participants, types of case-control studies, association measures, potential biases, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, concepts about the relevance on this study design are discussed, with a view to aid comprehension for undergraduate and graduate students of the health sciences. This is the third of a methodological series of articles on general concepts in biostatistics and clinical epidemiology developed by the Chair of Scientific Research Methodology at the School of Medicine, University of Valparaíso, Chile.

Correlation between Type of Clefting and the Incidence of Otitis Media among Children with Lip and/or Palate Clefts

Introduction: Otitis media is a frequent condition among children with high morbidity. Orofacial clefts are undoubtedly one of the most well-established risk factors for otitis media during childhood. The clinical spectrum of disease in orofacial clefting is broad according to the subtype of malformation. This study aims to correlate the occurrence of otitis media among lip and/or palate cleft children with clinical and epidemiological parameters, in particular with the subtypes of malformation diagnosed. Methods: This is a clinical, retrospective, case-control type of study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from medical records of children born between 2005 and 2008 and attending a multidisciplinary center for cleft patients. Results: 53% of the patients had registers of middle ear disorder during follow-up, and secretory otitis media was the most frequently diagnosed condition. Five children (1.39%) had chronic otitis media during the study period. Those patients with malformations including involvement of structures located posteriorly to the incisive foramen were more frequently diagnosed with otitis media than those with isolated pre-foramen cleft (p value < 0.001, odds ratio: 5.33). Gender and bilateral malformations did not correlate with increased occurrence of middle ear disease (p value > 0.05). Conclusion: Otitis media is frequent among lip and/or palate cleft children, although the grade of middle ear involvement seems to vary widely within this population. Post-foraminal malformations are clearly associated with increased incidence of otitis media, as well as with more severe diseases.

Interpretation of synovial biopsy –A retrospective study

Interpretation of synovial biopsy –A retrospective study - ACHR- Print ISSN No: - 2581-5725 Online ISSN No:- 2456-9267 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.achr.2019.039, IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research-IP Arch Cytol Histopathol Res

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and Weaning Status of Infants Admitted in Selected Hospitals of Rajshahi- A Case Control Study

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Infections of the respiratory tract are perhaps the most common human ailment. While they are a source of discomfort, disability and loss of time for most adults, they are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs. ARI in children is most common among others because heir constant contact with other kids who could be virus carriers. Children often don’t wash their hands regularly. They are also more likely to rub their eyes and put their fingers in their mouths, resulting in the spread of viruses. For prevention of malnutrition and infection of child breast feeding is an important determinant of child health in the prevention of malnutrition and infection but in many cultures other food was introduced years before the cessation of breast feeding. In Bangladesh, many infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of breast feeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluate the association between ARI of infant and weaning status of infants admitted in selected Hospitals of Rajshahi. Study place and Method: This study provided a wide range of information regarding ARI and weaning status of infants admitted in selected hospitals of Rajshahi and from the surroundings. This was a case control type of study. A total of 230 caregiver or mothers were interviewed.&#x0D; Result &amp; discussion: It was found that the relationship between weaning status of infants and occurrence of ARI was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). It was showed that majority of the babies of the case group were weaned by Cow’s milk and within the control group by mashed rice. The association between occurrence of ARI and type of weaning food was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). It was also found that majority of the babies living in rural areas developed ARI and also within the case group majority (29.6%) of the babies who were not exclusively breast fed developed ARI and the association between occurrence of ARI and EBF was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study suggests that proportion of ARI is more among the infants who were weaned earlier.&#x0D; TAJ 2019; 32(1): 70-81

Serum homocysteine levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion

Purpose: To find out role of high serum homocysteine levels in retinal vein occlusion patients at Dr. D.Y. Patil medical College. Design: A matched case control type of study was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Materials and Methods: Total serum homocysteine (tHcy) was measured in patients coming at Dr. D.Y. Patil medical college, aged 20 years and above. We evaluated the presence of high homocysteine levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion. We evaluated serum homocysteine levels in 50 patients with retinal vein occlusion coming to our clinic. Control subjects consisted of age and sex matched patients that were referred to our clinic for retinal disease other than vascular occlusion. homocysteine levels between 4 µmol/L to 15 µmol/L were considered normal. High homocysteine level was defined as a total serum homocysteine level above 15 µmol/L. Results: The mean serum homocysteine level were 13.80+/-8.08 µmol/L (range, 4–33 µmol/L) for cases, and 6.43+/-1.38 µmol/L (range, 4–10 µmol/L) for controls. The mean serum homocysteine levels in cases were more than double that of controls. This difference was very highly statistically significant. Out of the 50 patients with retinal vein occlusion, 13 (26.00%) patients had serum homocysteine levels above normal levels as compared to the controls where none out of the 50 patients had homocysteine levels above normal. (Chi square = 14.94, d.f.=1, p in both cases and control groups. Conclusion: High homocysteine levels is a statistically significant risk factor for retinal vein occlusion and it should be evaluated in every patient with retinal vein occlusion. Keywords: Hyperhomocysteinemia, Retinal vein occlusion.

Use of Hypnotics and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

BackgroundPrevious observational epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent results on the relationship between hypnotics use and risk of cancer. To determine the association between hypnotics use and risk of cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of available literature.MethodsWe searched databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additional publications in February 2016. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based on pre-determined selection criteria.ResultsA total of six observational epidemiological studies including three case-control studies and three cohort studies, which involved 1,830,434 participants (202,629 hypnotics users and 1,627,805 non-users), were included in the final analyses. In a random-effects meta-analysis, compared with non-use of hypnotics, the odds ratio for overall hypnotics use was 1.29 for various cancers (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.53). Subgroup meta-analyses by various factors such as study design, type of case-control study, study region, and methodological quality of study revealed consistent findings.ConclusionOur findings from a meta-analysis of low-biased epidemiological studies suggested evidence linking the use of hypnotics to an increased risk of cancers. The results should be cautiously interpreted because of considerable heterogeneity with a Higgins I2 value.

A comparison of the test-negative and traditional case-control study designs with respect to the bias of estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness

Estimation of the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines via the test-negative control study design has gained popularity over the past few years. In this study design, children with severe diarrhea who test positive for rotavirus infection are considered as cases, while children who test negative serve as controls. We use a simple probability model to evaluate and compare the test-negative control and the traditional case-control designs with respect to the bias of resulting estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). Comparisons are performed under two scenarios, corresponding to studies performed in high-income and low-income countries. We consider two potential sources of bias: (a) misclassification bias resulting from imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the test used to diagnose rotavirus infection, and (b) selection bias associated with possible effect of rotavirus vaccination on the probability of contracting severe non-rotavirus diarrhea.Our results suggest that both sources of bias may produce VE estimates with substantial bias. Particularly, lack of perfect specificity is associated with severe negative bias. For example, if the specificity of the diagnostic test is 90% then VE estimates from both types of case-control studies may under-estimate the true VE by more than 20%. If the vaccine protects children against non-rotavirus diarrhea then VE estimates from test-negative control studies may be close to zero even though the true VE is 50%. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay test currently used to diagnose rotavirus infections are both over 99%, and there is no solid evidence that the existing rotavirus vaccines affect the rates of non-rotavirus diarrhea. We therefore conclude that the test-negative control study design is a convenient and reliable alternative for estimation of rotavirus VE.

A Study of Pulmonary Function Test in Type II Diabetes Mellitus-Spirometry Based

A Study of Pulmonary Function Test in Type II Diabetes Mellitus-Spirometry Based

Use of benzodiazepine and risk of cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Several observational epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between the use of benzodiazepine and the risk of cancer. We investigated the association by using a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additional publications in January 2016. Three evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based on predetermined selection criteria. Of 796 articles meeting our initial criteria, a total of 22 observational epidemiological studies with 18 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Benzodiazepine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer (odds ratio [OR] or relative risk [RR] 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.21) in a random-effects meta-analysis of all studies. Subgroup meta-analyses by various factors such as study design, type of case-control study, study region, and methodological quality of study showed consistent findings. Also, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between the use of benzodiazepine and the risk of cancer (p for trend <0.01). The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies suggests that benzodiazepine use is associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Comparison of self-concept of children with cerebral palsy and children without impairments

Introduction: Self-esteem or self-concept is a feeling of self-appreciation. A positive self-concept is essential to maintain normal psychological health. Cerebral palsy results in functional impairments that limit the individual's activities. This could lead to a negative self-concept among these children. Aim: To compare the self-concept of children having cerebral palsy with the children having no impairment. Material and Methods: The study was an observational case-control type of study with n = 56 (28 in each group). The self-concept of the children (age 10-16 years) was assessed using Harter's Self Perception Profile for Children. The mean of each subscale was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test on SPSS version 20. The males and females were compared in each group. Results: There was a significant difference in the two graphs with respect to the aspects of physical appearance ( P = 0.000), behavioral conduct ( P = 0.024), social competence ( P = 0.001), and athletic competence ( P = 0.000). Males with cerebral palsy showed a lower sense of self-concept in the field of social competence ( P = 0.002), athletic competence ( P = 0.00), and physical appearance ( P = 0.016). On the other hand, females with cerebral palsy showed comparatively lower self-concept in the fields of athletic competence ( P = 0.000) and physical appearance ( P = 0.000). Conclusion: Children having cerebral palsy showed reduced self-concept in the domains of social competence, behavioral conduct, physical appearance, and athletic competence. Gender-based differences were observed in the two groups.