Boat Type Research Articles

Design and Optimization of the Shape of a Single-person Submersible based on ANSYS

Due to the complex growth environment of wild sea cucumbers, the difficulty and low efficiency of traditional ROV identification, at present, wild sea cucumber fishing is mainly obtained through manual fishing, in order to ensure the life safety of divers and improve the fishing efficiency of sea cucumbers, new ideas and solutions for single-man submersibles suitable for shallow water operations are proposed. Under the condition of ensuring the driver's operating space, the shape and structure of an easy-to-process manned submersible are designed to optimize its resistance performance. Creo was used to establish a model of a single-man submersible for shape design, and three design schemes were proposed: scheme 1 flat spindle type, scheme 2 imitation unmanned boat type, and scheme 3 imitation airfoil type. The drag performance of the single-man submersible is simulated and analyzed by using the Fluent module in the analytical fluid dynamics simulation software Ansys, and the results show that the drag performance of scheme 3 imitation airfoil type is better than that of other schemes.The conclusion was verified by simple experiments.It provides effective reference information for the subsequent structural optimization of single-man submersibles.

Skin Boats in Scandinavia? Evaluating the Maritime Technologies of the Neolithic Pitted Ware Culture

AbstractThe Early and Middle Neolithic (3500–2300 [Before Current Era] BCE) Pitted Ware Culture (PWC) was a critical component of the historical trajectory of Scandinavia’s maritime history. The hunter-gatherer societies of the PWC were highly adapted to maritime environments, and they fished, hunted, travelled, and traded across great distances over water. Exactly what boat types they used, however, is still an open question. Understanding the maritime technologies used by the PWC is a critical research area as they had an important impact on subsequent maritime adaptations in Scandinavian prehistory. Unfortunately, finding intact boats from Neolithic contexts is extremely difficult. Here, we present indirect evidence for the use of skin boats by PWC people as a first step towards building a dialog on the types of boats that would have been used during this period. We argue that multiple lines of evidence suggest that skin boats were widely used for every-day activities and long-distance voyages by PWC peoples and will discuss the implications of possible complex boat use by Neolithic peoples for our understanding of early Scandinavian maritime societies.

A Study on the Percentage of Pacing Strategies in Elite Asian Rowers: Analysis of Crew, Boat Type, and Gender

Background: For optimal performance, rowers should maintain a consistent rowing cadence over the entire distances. However, the rowing cadence of each category can be influenced by several factors. Understanding the rowing strategy related to these factors may help improve rowing performance. Objective: This analytical research aimed to examine the pacing strategies used by elite Asian rowers in different categories: crew, boat type, and gender during competitions at the 2023 Asian Games. Methods: The official Final A competition results of 14 events, comprising 42 male and 37 female rowers, totaling 79 datasets, were used for statistical analysis. Pacing techniques for each category were analyzed in the 500 m intervals and expressed as a percentage. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess rowing interval correlation. Results: The 2- and 2X showed the most percentage change (9.56%), while the 8+ showed the lowest (6.83%). After 8.33% and 8.37% adjustments, sweeps and sculls were essentially identical. Male rowers changed 7.08%, while female rowers changed 9.49%. The 500 m and 1000 m interval had a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.462), while the 2000 m distance had a significant negative correlation (r = -0.750) and the 1000 m had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.818) (p0.05). Conclusion: Rower’s size and gender are the major factors influencing pacing percentage. Smaller boats are more affected than larger ones. Males are less different per interval than females. Crew, boat type, and gender may impact rowing performance during certain intervals. Coaches and athletes need specialized pacing strategies for competition success.

The future and technique challenges of high-speed ground effect vehicle enrolled in maritime transportation

This paper presents a high-speed ground effect vehicle (HS-GEV) used specifically for maritime transportation. Given the limitations of current vessels, including various types of watercraft and high-speed boats, in fulfilling of needs in different maritime transportation scenarios, the HS-GEV emerges as a promising solution to address unmet requirements. To efficiently accomplish maritime transportation missions with quickness and safety, several critical features are emphasized, including short take-off on water, flight maneuverability and flight stability. The key techniques required to achieve these features, as well as recent progress highlights, are introduced. Following and promoting these crucial techniques is also suggested as a future step to improve HS-GEV performance. With its predominant features, the HS-GEV holds immense application value in enhancing a high-speed maritime transportation system that aligns with the evolving needs of the real world.

Performance enhancing strategies in sailing sports: beyond training and nutrition

PurposeSailing is a water sport comprising several disciplines distinguished by the type of boat and number of crew. The sailor must constantly accommodate the movement of the hull according to the weather conditions. The study aims to provide targeted guidance regarding training and nutrition for sailor athletes.MethodsComplete and effective training requires a synergistic combination of sport-specific elements and strategies designed to improve overall strength. Extensive discussion has been made of the types of workouts aimed at improving performance and preventing injury.ResultsOur research findings revealed that even though sailors’ training considers the development of strength, endurance, speed, balance, and coordination, which are necessary to counteract the continuous adaptations of posture to weather conditions, these athletes are exposed to the risk of injuries that predominantly affect the knee and lower back. Sailing is an aerobic/ anaerobic sport in which there are no explicit suggestions regarding the nutritional aspect and supplementation and what their contribution could be in improving performance.ConclusionsWe hypothesise that targeted training paths for sailing athletes and personalisation of nutritional suggestions by timing the intake of macro- and micronutrients as well as taking specific supplements, can reduce the risk of injury and better impact recovery and performance in this discipline.

ANIMASI KETINTING SURYA SEBAGAI FILM EDUKASI PEMANFAATAN ENERGI DI WILAYAH KALIMANTAN UTARA

Short animated film inspired by the surrounding environment in North Kalimantan which often uses boats called outboard motorboats or ketinting boats as a means of river transportation. Ketinting is a type of traditional boat that uses a motor propeller and is placed at the back in a position immersed in the water as a driving force to run the boat using diesel fuel, and is often found in various areas, especially the North Kalimantan region. Ketinting boats are usually used as a means of transportation to move places via river routes, and are usually also used by fishermen as transportation to find income in the form of fish. This animation tells the story of the life of a computer student who has parents who work as fishermen. This animation tells the problem of how difficult and expensive it is to get diesel fuel and then the students find a solution by using technology that uses solar energy as a substitute for diesel fuel. The animation creation process consists of pre-production, production and post-production using dialogue and music as support. The results of the animated video are created as a medium for entertainment, information and education related to solar energy that can be watched by all groups.

Do stormy seas lead to better boats? Exploring the origins of the southern Californian plank canoe through ocean voyage modeling

What constraints and conditions are conducive to the innovation of more advanced watercraft technology? This paper explores this question by modeling ancient voyages in the Channel Island region of southern California. The Chumash and Tongva cultures of this region invented an advanced form of boat, the sewn plank canoe, around 500 CE. This new technology led to a rapid increase in maritime travel and transformed the maritime political economy of the region. In this paper we use agent-based ocean voyage modeling to examine the capacities of a range of indigenous boat types to travel important routes in the Channel Region at different times of the year. Our results indicate that while several different boat types would have been conducive for voyaging from the mainland coast to adjacent islands such as Limuw (Santa Cruz) and Pimu (Catalina), voyages to outlying islands, including Tuqan (San Miguel) and especially Haraasnga (San Nicolas), would have been difficult for much of the year in dugout or reed boats. We argue that early mariners plying these routes would have been under strong pressure to innovate faster and more seaworthy craft, possibly leading to the eventual development of the sewn plank canoe.

Evidence of Large Vessels and Sail in Bronze Age Scandinavia

This paper argues that the Nordic boatbuilding tradition and the use of sail in Scandinavia can be traced back to the Early Bronze Age when it developed in response to emerging chiefdoms and an associated need for long-distance trade in bronze metals. The southern Scandinavian boat imagery dated to the Bronze Age (BA) depicts different types of boats and means of propulsion, including large vessels and the use of sail. This paper focuses on crew-lines on such imagery as indicative of boat length in relation to both the 350 BC Hjortspring boat, a BA type boat and the width-to-length ratio of BA ship-settings. This comparison suggests the BA boat imagery and ship-settings depict the same type of plank-built vessels and that the BA ship-settings are likely to represent ‘real’ vessels. Centrally positioned post holes in four of these ship-settings are therefore likely to represent masts, providing a direct link with mast-like features also present in the rock art boat imagery. Available BA boatbuilding technologies, based on analysis of the Hjortspring boat, and other indirect evidence of BA boatbuilding technologies, suggests that large, sailed vessels most likely existed, propelled in combination with mainly paddling.

Analisis Peran Transportasi Sungai (Ketek) Pada Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa Rantau Rasau Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur

Rantau Rasau Village, which is one of the villages in Berbak sub-district, Tanjung Jabung Timur district. To get to Rantau Rasau village we have to use river transportation services in the form of ketek (a type of large boat equipped with a robbins engine), this water transportation. It is the only access to Rantau Rasau village because there is no land road to the village. This thesis aims to determine the role of air transportation in the economy of the people of Rantau Rasau village, East Tanjung Jabung district, to find out what obstacles exist in the use of this transportation.This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods, data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that the role of air transportation in the economy of the Rantau Rasau village community, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, includes mobility for people in and out of the village and also as a bridge for all economic activities of the Rantau Rasau village community. Obstacles in using this transportation service are tides and unpredictable weather conditions. Keywords: Water Transportation, Community Economy, Watershed

Lagoon Wanderings: Boat hydro-perspectivism in the aquapelagic assemblage of the Venetian Lagoon

In this article I conduct the reader along a journey that follows different waterways within the Venetian lagoon and provides insights into the water-land interactions of this unique aquapelagic assemblage. Leveraging the methodological tool of hydro-perspectivism, I situate the analytical standpoint within two very different kinds of boat: the vaporetto (a local waterbus) and the kayak. The first, native to the lagoon, gives voice to a sample of the massive population of tourists that constantly crowds the lagoon’s islands and waters. Navigating the congested waterways leading from the Lido littoral to Venice’s historical centre, I raise issues such as over-tourism, water quality, and wave motion. Shifting the perspective to the kayak, a type of boat that originates in Inuit culture and is perfectly suited to the lagoon's shallow waters, the article then investigates the potentialities of analysing from the water’s edge, considering other serious problems of the Venetian aquapelago, such as pollution and hydro-morphological alterations. In conclusion, I argue that by conceiving the boat as not only as a means of transport but also as a means of acquiring and formulating knowledge, it is possible to revitalise hydrophilic feelings and thus the precious aquapelagic identity of Venice’s lagoon that has been in decline over the last century.

Effectiveness of vertical error budget model for portable multi-beam echo-sounder in shallow water bathymetric survey

With the increasing availability of portable survey equipment and platforms, hydrographic data acquisition now offers a diverse range of device options and installation methods. Tailoring the mounting and installation of hydrographic survey devices to fit the boat or platform dimensions has become common practice. The use of portable equipment is essential, given the wide selection of combined options available in the market. Consequently, sensor offsets and device performance differ for each survey conducted, necessitating the constant verification of accuracy performance.This paper examines the capabilities of portable multibeam echosounder (MBES) deployments on various types of survey boats. The investigation focuses on error budget modeling and field tests. A model is developed to estimate the propagated uncertainty resulting from different sources of measurement uncertainties. The model primarily considers vertical sources of error in MBES surveys, as they have the most significant impact on hydrographic data quality. To validate the model, field tests are conducted at two different locations using different boat and device configurations. The results demonstrate that the modeled uncertainties align with the measured standard deviations, particularly in the Pramuka area, where the standard deviation of data acquired at the widest beam angle of ±60° is 0.25m, close to the predicted value of 0.28m. However, in the Patimban area, the model overestimates the uncertainty, predicting 0.27m compared to the measured standard deviation of 0.17m.

Economic Behavior of Coastal Communities and Strategy in Fulfilling the Needs of Fisherman’s Household

The decreasing quality of fishery resources results in resource scarcity, abrasion and flooding. Communities, especially those living near the coast, are often accused of being the cause of the damage and scarcity of these resources. Various government policies and programs are oriented towards efforts to preserve fisheries resources and improve the economy and standard of living of communities around the coast. Research objectives: 1) To describe the activities of fishermen households in earning a living, 2) To describe the economic behavior of fishermen households, namely the income structure and the structure of household expenditure, 3) To analyze the share of food consumption expenditure of fishermen households, 4)To analyze the influence of household income level factors, education of housewives, and number of household members on household food expenditure, 5) To identify social and economic strategies of fishermen households in meeting the economic needs of their households. This research was conducted in Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, for eight months. Survey research method by conducting in-depth interviews with fisherman households. Data analysis used descriptive analysis, income and expenditure analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that fishing activities in the sea, fishermen consider the available resources (type of boat and equipment) with preparation before going to sea, such as the duration of time at sea, tamping capacity, distribution of results and the radius of the fishing location. The income structure of fisherman households in Cambayya Village, Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City is sourced from income as a fisherman of IDR 2,602,857 per month with a percentage of 75.38%, and the income earned from side jobs other than fishermen is IDR 850,000 per month with a percentage of 24.61%. The expenditure structure of fisherman households in Cambayya Village, Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City is allocated for food consumption spending on average IDR 974,257 with a percentage of 43.79% and non-food consumption expenditure of IDR 1,250,357 with a percentage of 56.21%. The share of food consumption expenditure for fisherman households in Cambayya Village, Ujung Tanah District, Makassar City is 43.79% and is included in the food secure category. 85.71% of the respondents carried out a social strategy to meet their household needs when not going to sea is to find a side job. On the other side, the economic strategy carried out by fishermen is to involve the family (wife, children, and other family members) in earning a living.

Transition process from fossil energy to photovoltaic energy power of ethnic communities belonging to the natural parks in the Colombian Pacific: A diagnostic study

AbstractFor an energy transformation project with emerging technologies to be viable and sustainable, it requires community participation, the social appropriation of the knowledge of the technology to be implemented, and the assessment of its social and environmental impact. In this context, this research carried out a diagnostic study on the energy consumption of ethnic communities belonging to National Natural Parks in the Colombian Pacific in order to provide indicators of the potential and relevance of portable photovoltaic solar energy for small-scale energy supply in these communities. For this purpose, four strategic sites in the district of Buenaventura were selected to implement questionnaires to collect technical data on demographic characterization (age, occupation, ethnicity, educational level, residence time), solar exposure, architectural infrastructure, energy sources, use of electrical elements, and energy consumption. The study focused on five sectors of interest: (i) housing, (ii) microenterprises, (iii) schools, (iv) health centers, and (v) boats. Fuelwood and diesel were found to be the main sources of energy in the region; this represents continuous pollution of gases and noise. Electricity is supplied mainly through diesel power generators with a cost per kWh higher by 86% than the average value in the interconnected area. It was identified that the most representative economic activities of these communities are fishing, and other activities associated with tourism; therefore, after diagnosing the use of low-power electrical elements in different types of boats, we propose a portable photovoltaic solar system adjusted to local environmental conditions and the needs of artisanal fishing.

Distribution and speed of recreational boats in Danish waters based on coastal observations and satellite images: Predicting where boats may affect harbour porpoises

Danish coastal waters are a hotspot for recreational boating and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), but as there is little data on the boats’ speeds and distributions, it is difficult to determine where porpoises are likely to be affected by boat noise. To gain knowledge on the potential impacts of small boats we 1) used coastal observations to assess how boat speed is related to boat size, type, distance to marinas, and wave height, and 2) used satellite images to assess the spatial distribution of small boats in Kattegat, the Sound, the Belt Sea and the Western Baltic areas (see map in Sveegaard et al., 2015). This made it possible to determine how the probability of observing boats was related to distance to the coast and number of people living within a radius of 5 km from a given area. We found that boat speeds varied among marinas and that speed was positively correlated with distance to the marina. The relationship between boat speed and size depended on boat type, with motorboats being the fastest. The satellite image analysis showed that motorboats were the dominant type in coastal waters, constituting 61.4% of the observed boats. The probability of observing boats on a satellite image covering 0.25 km2 dropped from 0.13 by the shore to 0.04 at a distance of 5 km from shore. The probability of observing boats was >10% in 6.6% of the study area, and the probability of observing boats and porpoises in the same area was >10% in 3.0% of the study area. Coastal waters are important habitats for many aquatic species, e.g., fish, invertebrates and porpoises, that use sound for communication or navigation. Our study uses a combination of observation and satellite data to identity areas where boats overlap with harbour porpoise presence and thus where the animals may be affected by boat noise. The study also illustrates how combining these two methods can yield important information on the potential impacts of boats on wildlife.

Rock Art Surveys in the Sudanese Eastern Desert: Results of the 2018–2019 Atbai Survey Project

The Sudanese Eastern Desert or the ‘Atbai’ is still largely unexplored from the point of view of rock art surveys. As part of the Atbai Survey Project’s fieldwork program, surveys conducted in 2018 and 2019 identified new rock art sites in the deserts around Gebel Nahoganet. Findings included a large tableau of a boat ‘fleet’ along with numerous sites yielding faunal rock art and surface remains. While a generalized boat motif is relatively commonplace in the corpus of rock art from Egypt and Nubia, this specific type of boat encountered in this distant desert exhibits a number of unique features. Notably, the tableau is carved within the walls of a natural tunnel and the features and manner of its execution have few parallels elsewhere. This contribution introduces the hypothesis that these boat motifs may have been the products of local Nubian groups including the A-Group horizon ( c. 3800–3100 BCE). [Formula: see text]

Status Perikanan Tangkap di Kabupaten Kebumen

Capture fisheries in Kebumen Regency has a large potential of fish resources. The status of capture fisheries in Kebumen Regency includes the development of the number of fishermen/RTPs, fishing vessels, fishing gear, fishing production volume, fishery production value, types and catches of fish. The results showed that Kebumen fishermen are included in the category of small fishermen based on the use of boat types less than 5 GT and outboard motorboats. The number of growth of fishermen and the number of fishing boats in Kebumen Regency increased throughout 2016-2020. Types of fishing gear used by fishermen in Kebumen district include fixed gill nets, drift gill nets, trammel nets, fishing rods and hooks. The production volume and production value of the Kebumen capture fishery decreased in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential species caught by Kebumen fishermen were demersal fish with high economic value such as white pomfret (Pampus argenteus), lobster (Panulirus homarus), jerebung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus).

TULAK PALONG TRADITION IN LAYEUN COMMUNITY, ACEH BESAR

This study aims to examine the symbolic meaning of the tulak palong tradition among the people of Layeun-Aceh Besar. Palong is a type of traditional boat used by fishermen on the coast of Aceh Besar. This study uses a qualitative approach in which data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants in this study were panglima laot, fishermen, and the local community. The results of the study show that the tulak palong tradition has been practiced in this area since 1970. The tulak (refusal) process is only carried out the first time when the palong is about to sail, and then the palong will continue to be at sea until it needs to be renovated, usually in 2 to 5 years. In the implementation of tulak palong, there are social values, including mutual cooperation and caring for others. In addition to social values, in the process of practicing tulak palong, there are also symbolic meanings such as beauty in decorating the palong, brotherhood among the community.

Effect of bilge keel variations on the designed fast patrol boats to hull resistance and stability behaviours

This study aims to analyse the effect of variations in the addition of bilge keel on the value of resistance, ship stability, and seakeeping performances. The research method is carried out by designing and analysing the hull design of the fast patrol boat type with variations in the addition of a bilge keel. Variations made on the bilge keel include length and width. The length variations are considered by applying 4 m, 5 m, and 6 m, while the variations in width include 0.3 m, 0.4 m, and 0.5 m. This study indicates that the nine variations of the bilge keels model with a combination of length and width do not show a significant difference in the resistance value on each ship. Then, for the stability criteria, the bilge keel model IX, with a length of 6 m and a width of 0.5 m, has the best stability value compared to other variations. Meanwhile, the addition of bilge keel in the seakeeping simulation did not show a significant difference. The parameters of this analysis consider the primary needs of fast patrol boats to support the development of shipping technology.

Local and Migrant Fishermen Marine Cultures in the Atapupu Coastal Area in Supporting the Blue Economy in Maritime Security

<p>Atapupu is a coastal area that has a strategic location because it is directly adjacent to the country of Timor Leste. This study aims to analyze the differences in marine culture at Atapupu Beach in supporting the blue economy in maritime security. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data source comes from primary data by interviewing local and migrant fishermen and secondary data comes from journals. Data analysis in this study used descriptive qualitative. This study found that the differences between the local and migrant fishermen could be differentiated based on their time to go to sea, the fishing gear, and the type of boat used by the fishermen. The migrant fishermen, which come from Buton, are Muslim, so they do not go to sea on Fridays due to Fridays Prayers. They use fishing rods as gear and bigger boats than the local fishermen. Meanwhile, the local fishermen have no special days to go to sea, they go to sea depending on the weather conditions. The local fishermen only use nets as fishing gear and their boats are smaller compared to the migrant fishermen’s boats. These conditions are affecting their range of fishing areas, the type of fish caught, and the average income per month. Cultural differences at sea between local and migrant fishermen will certainly affect maritime security in the blue economy sector. The existence of differences in types and income from catches can lead to less optimal utilization of fishery resources.</p>

Measures of Physical Fitness Improve Prediction of Kayak and Canoe Sprint Performance in Young Kayakers and Canoeists.

Gäbler, M, Prieske, O, Elferink-Gemser, MT, Hortobágyi, T, Warnke, T, and Granacher, U. Measures of physical fitness improve prediction of kayak and canoe sprint performance in young kayakers and canoeists. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-Markers of talent selection and predictors of performance in canoe and kayak sprint are not yet well defined. We aimed to determine the combination of variables (i.e., demographic, anthropometric, and physical fitness) that most accurately predicts sprint performance (i.e., 500- and 2000-m race time) in semielite, young kayakers and canoeists (n = 39, age 13 year, 10F). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Linear regression analyses identified boat type (i.e., kayak or canoe), skeletal muscle mass, and average power during a 2-minute bench pull test, normalized to body mass, as predictors of 2000-m race time (R22000 m = 0.69, Akaike information criterion [AIC] = 425) and together with vertical jump height, as predictors of 500-m race time (R2500 m = 0.87, AIC = 255). This was an improvement over models containing solely demographic variables (R2500 m = 0.66, AIC = 293; R22000 m = 0.44, AIC = 446) and over models containing demographic and anthropometric variables (R2500m = 0.79, AIC = 277; R22000 m = 0.56, AIC = 437). Race time showed the strongest semipartial correlations with the 2-minute bench pull test (0.7 ≤ r ≤ 0.9). Adding physical fitness data (i.e., 2-minute bench pull test) to demographic and anthropometric data improves the prediction accuracy of race times in young kayak and canoe athletes. The characteristics of physical fitness tests should resemble as much as possible the biomechanical (e.g., prime movers) and metabolic (e.g., duration) demands of the sport.