Type Of Anemia Research Articles

Anemia-associated smaller brain volume and sex differences: a cross-sectional study of magnetic resonance imaging in brain health checkups

IntroductionAnemia is a risk factor for dementia development. However, few studies have examined the relationship between brain volume and anemia. This study aimed to analyze the association between anemia and brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging data from brain health checkups.MethodParticipants underwent brain health checkups between January 2015 and March 2022. Blood samples were collected to measure hemoglobin concentrations and mean corpuscular volumes. The modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive function. Magnetic resonance images were analyzed using voxel-based Morphometry to evaluate the overall patterns of brain volume. After extracting the principal components (PCs) from PC analysis, we investigated their association with MMSE scores and anemia.ResultsThis study included 1,029 participants and identified principal components, representing smaller volume in the frontal lobe (PC1), and smaller volume in the limbic system to the temporal lobe (PC2). A higher PC2 score was significantly associated with a lower MMSE score. Male participants with anemia had smaller bilateral PC1 volumes and left hippocampal volumes, and female participants with anemia had smaller bilateral PC2 volumes and hippocampus volumes.DiscussionPC2 may represent the extent of disease affecting limbic system volume, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Our results suggest that anemia may be associated with smaller volumes in the limbic system, especially in women. Further studies are required to determine which type of anemia is more strongly correlated with smaller brain volumes.

Reduced GATA1 levels are associated with ineffective erythropoiesis in sickle cell anemia.

Ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is defined as the abnormal differentiation and excessive destruction of erythroblasts in the marrow, accompanied by an expanded progenitor compartment and relative reduction in the production of reticulocytes. It is a defining feature of many types of anemia, including beta-thalassemia. GATA1 is an essential transcription factor for erythroid differentiation, known to be implicated in hematological conditions presenting with IE, including beta-thalassemia and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. However, little is known about the role of GATA1 in the erythropoietic defects recently described in sickle cell anemia (SCA). In the present study, we performed a detailed characterization of the role of GATA1 and ineffective erythropoiesis in SCA using both invitro and in-vivo assay systems. We demonstrate a significant decrease in GATA1 protein levels during SCA erythropoiesis and a concomitant increase in oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that an increase in the activity of the inflammatory caspase, caspase 1, was driving the decrease in GATA1 levels during SCA erythropoiesis and that, upon inhibition of caspase 1 activity, SCA erythropoiesis was rescued and GATA1 levels partially restored. Our study further elucidates the defect in erythropoiesis in SCA, and may therefore help in the development of novel approaches to normalise the bone marrow niche prior to stem cell transplantation, or facilitate the production of healthy stem cells for gene therapy.

RISK FACTORS FOR SURGICAL SITE INFECTION FOLLOWING CESAREAN SECTION

Surgical site infections (SSIs) following cesarean sections (CS) are significant contributors to maternal morbidity and healthcare burdens worldwide. Despite adherence to preoperative guidelines, certain risk factors remain associated with increased SSI rates. Identifying and addressing these factors is essential for improving patient outcomes. Objective: To identify and evaluate the risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section (CS) based on the World Health Organization’s recommended preoperative measures in a tertiary care hospital in Mirpur, AJ & K. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Mirpur, AJ&K. A total of 1,500 patients undergoing cesarean sections were enrolled and followed for 30 days post-surgery to monitor for the occurrence of SSI. Data on potential risk factors, such as body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, preoperative antibiotic use, duration of surgery, type of cesarean section (elective vs. emergency), anemia, and personal hygiene practices, were collected at baseline. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI, diagnosed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Risk factors were compared between patients who developed SSI (cases) and those who did not (controls). Statistical analyses, including Chi-squared and Fisher’s Exact tests, were performed to identify significant risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounding factors. Results: Out of the 1,500 patients, 18% (n=270) developed SSI within 30 days of surgery. Significant risk factors for SSI included obesity (BMI >30), which increased the odds of SSI by 2.5 times (p=0.001); prolonged hospital stay of more than 5 days, associated with a 1.8-fold increase in SSI risk (p=0.004); emergency cesarean sections, which raised the risk by 2.1 times compared to elective procedures (p=0.002); and anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dL), which increased SSI risk by 1.9 times (p=0.005). Poor personal hygiene practices were also significantly associated with a higher incidence of SSI (p=0.003). On the other hand, the use of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics was protective, reducing the incidence of SSI by 3.2-fold (p=0.0001). No significant associations were observed between the duration of surgery (p=0.21) or patient age (p=0.15) and the occurrence of SSI. Conclusions: This prospective cohort study identified obesity, prolonged hospital stay, emergency cesarean section, anemia, and personal hygiene practices as significant risk factors for the development of SSI following cesarean section, consistent with the World Health Organization’s preoperative guidelines. The use of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics was shown to be an effective intervention in reducing SSI risk. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive measures, including weight management, prompt hospital discharge, enhanced personal hygiene education, and the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, in reducing the burden of SSIs in cesarean sections.

Identifying potential active ingredients from pomegranate in treating anemia: CPA3 and SOX4 are key proteins

Fanconi anemia is a rare hereditary blood disorder that usually manifests as bone marrow failure, dysplasia, cancer susceptibility and anemia. Pomegranate, as a “secret” for people in Xinjiang, China and India, is commonly used for treating different types of anemia. ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify potential proteins of FA and to discover potential drugs from pomegranates. MethodsFirstly, we downloaded gene expression datasets of myeloid cells from FA patients from the GEO database and screened for key differential genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning algorithms. Next, subcellular localization and external validation datasets were used to verify the reliability of genes. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to predict potential drugs for treating FA with pomegranate. ResultsAfter screening by WGCNA and machine learning algorithms and an external validation set, SOX4 and CPA3 were retained and were highly expressed in erythroid cells of the bone marrow. Based on the above two protein structures, coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside (−8.212 Kcal/mol) and kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside (−7.128 Kcal/mol) were screened. ConclusionSOX4 and CPA3 can be considered as key proteins of FA, coumaric acid-4-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidin have been found to have therapeutic potency for FA.

Using RET-He and Delta-He in the Sysmex XN-1000V Analyzer to Differentiate Between Chronic Hemorrhagic and Chronic Inflammatory Anemia in Small Animals.

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia (CHA) and anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) are difficult to differentiate in small animals using hematology. Advanced hematological parameters (RET-He, Delta-He and %Hypo-He) are used in humans to discriminate between types of non-regenerative anemia. Whether they could be useful in the diagnosis of CHA and ACI in small animals is unknown. We evaluated these parameters in the Sysmex XN-1000V analyzer in a population of non-anemic and anemic dogs and cats. Delta-He was significantly different between dogs with CHA and ACI. Moreover, Delta-He and RET-He were different between healthy and non-anemic dogs with inflammation. Neither of these two statements was true for cats. We also report the reference ranges for these parameters using the Sysmex XN-1000V. Although additional clinical and laboratory information should always be considered, the measurement of these parameters using this analyzer can help clinicians to classify type of anemia.

Health-related quality of life and associated factors in breast cancer patients in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to assess health-related quality of life, and to investigate associated factors in breast cancer patients living in Ivory Coast. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that took place from August 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022 in the Medical Oncology Department of the Treichville University Hospital. Seventy-six breast cancer patients participated in the study. Quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 EORTC questionnaires. ResultsThe mean score for overall quality of life was 69.3 ± 21.9. Among the functional scales, emotional functioning, social functioning, sexual functioning, and sexual pleasure were the most affected, with 21.1 respectively; 23.7; 78.9, and 86.8 % of patients who had a bad score. Nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, and hair loss are the symptoms that most affected the QoL of our patients with respectively 19.7; 21.1, and 52, % of patients who had a bad score. Financial difficulties also negatively affected the QoL of our patients (55.3 % had a poor score). The factors significantly associated with QoL deterioration were the metastatic stage, the presence of anemia, and the triple-negative immunohistochemical subtype. ConclusionThe overall quality of life of our patients was good. The psychosocial factors that were most affected in our patients were emotional functioning, social functioning, sexual functioning, and financial difficulties. The physical factors that most negatively affected the QoL of our patients were nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite and hair loss, presence of anemia, metastatic stage, and triple negative immunohistochemical type.

Satisfy: A Eurobloodnet Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Mitapivat in Adult Patients with Erythrocyte Membranopathies and Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II - Results from the 8-Week Dose-Escalation Period

Satisfy: A Eurobloodnet Multicenter, Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Mitapivat in Adult Patients with Erythrocyte Membranopathies and Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II - Results from the 8-Week Dose-Escalation Period

The association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss: A review.

Anemia affects a third of the world's population and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased work productivity, and impaired neurological development. In recent years, many studies have found a possible association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), especially in various types of nutritional deficiency and hemoglobin disorders anemia. Anemia may affect hearing through various mechanisms, including affecting microcirculation in the ear, causing tissue hypoxia in the ear, and through inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the association between various types of anemia and SNHL, including possible biological mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment strategies, and clarify the importance of anemia treatment and management in preventing SNHL.

Nutritional Significance of Wheatgrass: Cultivation Practices and Opportunities for its Processing and Preservation.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds found in wheatgrass, including chlorophyll, vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, as well as their associated health benefits. The review focuses on various cultivation practices, preservation techniques, and the current utilization of wheatgrass as a whole. Additionally, the potential toxicity of wheatgrass has been discussed. Wheatgrass, a nutrient-rich grass, possesses significant pharmacological and therapeutic qualities. In the present scenario, wheatgrass is available in the form of juice, powder, and tablets, and is incorporated into various food products through different processing treatments. Information and data regarding wheatgrass cultivation practices, processing, and preservation methods were collected from scientific sources, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, fig, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Wheatgrass is a highly valuable source of diverse nutrient compounds. Various cultivation methods, such as indoor and outdoor techniques using different growing mediums, have been employed for wheatgrass production. Recent methods for wheatgrass preservation have been suggested to enhance the bioactive compounds present in wheatgrass. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the consumption of wheatgrass and wheatgrass- based products can help control diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney and colon diseases, anemia, and certain types of cancer. The smaller size of wheatgrass allows for easier assimilation of its beneficial compounds. Creating awareness among consumers about the nutritional profile and therapeutic properties of wheatgrass is crucial in order to maximize its market potential.

Anaemia Profile and Inflammation Markers in Stunted Children Under Two Years in Indonesia.

Background: Stunting is a common issue affecting children who suffer from chronic malnutrition in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has introduced supplementary food programs for stunted children, but the results have been less satisfactory. This may be due to the presence of anaemia and comorbid diseases. Haematology tests and inflammation markers are necessary to identify these conditions. This study aimed to examine the anaemia profiles and inflammation markers in stunted children under two years old. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design with cluster samples and consecutive analysis was used. The study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 at the West Nusa Tenggara Hospital and Palabuhanratu Sukabumi Hospital laboratories. Samples were obtained from various Public Health Centres in Sukabumi, West Java, North Maluku, and West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection comprised interviews, measurements, and the assessment of haematology, biochemical, and inflammatory markers. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20, which includes descriptive analysis, correlation, comparison, and chi-square tests. Results: Two hundred and ten stunted children were identified with various anaemias and comorbidities. These anaemias included suspected thalassemia (38.1%), iron deficiency (18.1%), and anaemia of chronic diseases (13.3%). Based on the inflammatory markers obtained, TB was suspected (21.4%), inflammatory bowel disease (18.1%) was suspected, and allergic proctocolitis was suspected (31.9%). Conclusions: Analysis of the anaemia profiles and inflammatory markers revealed various types of anaemia and suspected comorbidities in stunted children. It is recommended that anaemia profiles and inflammation markers be assessed at the primary healthcare level.

Frequency, Types, and Risk Factors of Anemia in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease patients are prone to be anemic at diagnosis and follow-up. As it is a common extra-intestinal manifestation, its early identification and treatment are essential. We aimed to evaluate the frequency, types, and predictors of anemia and its treatment in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients. Methods: The electronic records of pediatric IBD patients who attended our outpatient clinics between 1 April 2018 and 01 May 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients who had the results of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, iron indices, vitamin B12 level, folic acid level, reticulocyte count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at least once on a single day were included in the study. Laboratory results associated with anemia and disease activity index scores at three- and six-months follow-ups were recorded. Anemia was diagnosed according to WHO criteria in childhood. Anemia, risk factors, and management of anemia were determined. Results: Forty patients were included in the study. At first evaluation, anemia was observed in 38.1% of Crohn’s disease patients and 57.9% of ulcerative colitis patients. Iron deficiency anemia was the main type of anemia in both groups. The rate of anemia decreased at follow-up. Out of 40 patients, 21 had treatment at the initial evaluation. Active disease was the only predictor of iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion: Anemia was common in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, ranging between 25-47.5% during the 6-month follow-up in our study. Iron deficiency anemia was the main type of anemia. Having active disease was the only risk factor for anemia. The treatment of anemia and iron deficiency without anemia should be kept in mind in parallel with anti-inflammatory treatment.

Scientometrics Analysis of Global Researches on Anemia

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the hemoglobin concentration within them is lower than normal. This study aims to show the intellectual structure of knowledge regarding anemia and gives a comprehensive and up-to-date image of research in this area. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach. The PubMed database was searched for research publications indexed under "anemia" including 8484 records between 2011 and 2020. Data were analyzed using Co-word analysis, clustering methods, and strategic diagrams with the help of SPSS and Ucinet 6 software. Results: The keyword “Anemia Sickle Cell” and two pairs of frequently used keywords, namely “Anemia, Iron *Iron” were the most frequent in the research area. The results shaped the concepts of anemia in 9 clusters. The clusters "Hydroxyurea and sickle cell anemia", "Fetus transfusion", "Management of Thalassemia Major", "Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome", "Management and Control of Anemia", "Chronic Kidney Failure and Anemia", "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation" are topics that may be emerging or disappearing. The “Thalassemia and blood transfusion" are immature clusters. Conclusion: This study uses co-word networks that indicate important links between keywords of the research areas. Most research approaches are in the therapeutic aspects. Despite the importance of the effect of anemia on all levels of society, including economics, education, and other types of anemia, as well as its impact on learning and mental disorders, these subjects have not been given sufficient consideration.

Decrease in Hemoglobin Levels during Acute Attacks in Patients with Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis: A Model of Anemia in Acute Disease.

Background/Objectives: Anemia during acute inflammation is not well described in the literature. We aimed to study whether patients develop a transient hemoglobin decrease during an acute attack of recurrent pericarditis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with recurrent pericarditis. The primary endpoint was the difference in hemoglobin levels during an acute attack and in the following remission. As secondary endpoints, we correlated this variation with laboratory and clinical features; we also evaluated the available baseline hemoglobin values. Results: Sixty-two patients, including thirty females (48.4%), with a median age of 39 years, were observed during an acute attack and remission. The attack indexed was the first in 21 patients and the second or the third in 41, with pre-attack hemoglobin levels available for the latter group. Median hemoglobin levels (IQR) were 13.8 (12.8-15.1) g/dL at baseline, 12.0 (11.2-13.4) during attacks and 13.6 (13.1-14.0) during remission (p < 0.001). The median hemoglobin reduction between an acute attack and remission was 1.4 g/dL. Their mean corpuscular volume remained in the normal range. Hb reduction significantly correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation, neutrophilia and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, but not serosal involvement. Only CRP elevation remained associated with the variation of Hb in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.007). Conclusions: This study is a proof of concept: hemoglobin levels may decline rapidly during acute inflammation in correlation with CRP elevation, with transient normocytic anemia, followed by a rapid rebound. In this regard, idiopathic pericarditis may represent a pathogenetic model of this type of anemia.

Factors Related To Compliance With The Consumption Of Iron Tablets In Adolescent Females

Background : Anemia is a condition characterized by decreased hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and impaired oxygen requirements. One type of anemia that is often experienced by adolescents is iron deficiency anemia, due to the high iron requirements for adolescent growth which is inversely proportional to the amount of iron intake of adolescents. Many factors cause adolescent girls not to consume or still low consumption of Iron Supplement Tablets in Adolescent Girls. This study aims to determine the factors that influence compliance in taking iron tablets in adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Kotabunan. Materials and Methods: This type of research uses quantitative observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted on 74 female students taken from total sampling. Data collection was obtained from a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by univariate analysis carried out on each variable and bivariate using the Charles Spearman Correlation Test or Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient with a confidence level (alpha) of 0.05. Results:of the study showed that respondents started menstruating at the age of 11-12 years by 35%, adolescent girls were obedient in consuming iron tablets by 57 people (77%), knowledge of adolescent girls by 67 people (90.5%) with a good category, Teacher Support 82.4%, Family 66.2% and Peers 77% supported adolescent girls consuming iron tablets, the correlation coefficient value with the Spearman's Rank test. for knowledge with compliance in consuming iron tablets 0.000, teacher support 0.003, family support 0.000 and peer support 0.007. There is a relationship between the level of knowledge, teacher support, family support and peer support with compliance in consuming iron tablets with a correlation coefficient value (sig.2-tailed) &lt;0.05. Conclusion: Adolescents in the growth and development period require adequate nutrient intake including the consumption of iron tablets to avoid anaemia. This study shows that factors associated with adherence to iron tablet consumption in adolescent girls are knowledge, attitude, parental support and teacher support.

The unlikely combination: Anderson-Fabry disease and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II in a pediatric patient.

Anderson-Fabry disease, a rare X-linked lysosomal disorder, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) Type II, an autosomal recessive condition, both have distinct inheritance patterns. Their co-occurrence is extremely rare, never been reported before. Therefore, screening is crucial for early management, and families should seek genetic counseling for children showing unusual presentations. Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare condition, characterized by a lysosomal storage disorder affecting lipid storage. It manifests in two forms: classic (early-onset) and nonclassic (late-onset). Conversely, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare blood disorder caused by ineffective erythropoiesis, which results in the production of abnormal erythroblasts during the maturation of red blood cells, with CDA type II being the most frequent type. Both disorders have well-understood pathophysiologies, yet they are genetically distinct. AFD is inherited in an X-linked manner, whereas CDA type II follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Although both AFD and CDA type II have been reported separately in the literature. The co-existence for both AFD and CDA type II has not been reported. We describe a 10-year-old boy, with both which is believed to be the first documented case.

Prehabilitation for delirium prevention in elderly patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia

ObjectiveElderly patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) undergoing revascularization are prone to delirium and prolonged hospitalization. Preoperative prehabilitation may prevent delirium and reduce the length of stay. This study investigates the effect of multimodal prehabilitation on delirium incidence in elderly patients with CLTI undergoing revascularization. MethodsA comparative observational cohort study conducted in a large teaching hospital (intervention cohort n = 101, retrospective control cohort n = 207) and a university hospital (prospective control cohort n = 48) from 2020 to 2023. Patients aged ≥65 years undergoing revascularization were included, with acute treatment or severe cognitive impairment as exclusion criteria. The 3-week prehabilitation program included screening of general health and presence of delirium risk factors by a vascular nurse practitioner, screening and provision of personalized, home-based exercises by a physiotherapist, provision of nutritional advice by a dietician, and, if indicated, comprehensive geriatric assessment by a geriatrician, assessment of self-reliance and home situation by a prearranged homecare nurse, guidance and support for smoking cessation by a quit smoking coach, and anemia treatment. Primary outcome was 30-day delirium incidence, analyzed using regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, physical impairment, history of delirium, preoperative anemia, and revascularization type). Secondary outcomes were length of stay, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, and patient experiences. ResultsMedian age was 76 years (interquartile range [IQR], 71-82 years). Delirium incidence was lower in the prehabilitation cohort (n = 2/101; 2%) compared with controls (n = 23/255; 9%; odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.89; P = .04). Adjusted analysis showed a non-significant delirium reduction (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-1.3; P = .097). The prehabilitation cohort had a significantly shorter length of stay (2 [IQR, 1-5] vs 4 [IQR, 2-9] days; P ≤ .001), and fewer minor complications (14% vs 26%; P=.01). No differences were present in major complications and 30-day mortality. Patients reported high compliance and satisfaction (median score, 8/10 [IQR, 7-9]). ConclusionsPrehabilitation among elderly patients with CLTI is safe and has the potential to yield multiple beneficial effects on general outcomes following revascularization, while also achieving high levels of patient satisfaction. Further validation and consideration of implementation in surgical settings is recommended.

Anaemia and selected micronutrient deficiencies among young women in rural North India - A community-based study.

Anaemia is a major problem which affects half of young Indian women, impacting their health, education, and offspring. Despite ongoing efforts, a comprehensive understanding of anaemia remains limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia among young women in rural Haryana and explore its causes comprehensively, which would help in tailoring targeted interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level. Young, non-pregnant women aged 15-24 years (n = 422) were assessed for socio-demographic details, menstrual/diet history, and anthropometry. Dietary diversity was assessed using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women scale. Venous haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using an auto-analyser. Serum ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 were assessed for 260 participants. Anaemia was classified based on micronutrient deficiency. The morphology of anaemia was classified based on Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices. Multivariable analysis examined associations of anaemia with socio-demographic and clinical variables. The prevalence of anaemia was 60.7%. Among those participants tested for micronutrient deficiency (n = 260), 170 (65.4%), 48 (18.5%), and 124 (47.7%) participants had deficiency of ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12, respectively. Iron deficiency anaemia (39.1%) and dimorphic anaemia (38.5%) were the two most common types of anaemia. The mixed morphology of RBCs was the most common morphology (41.8%). Almost all participants (98.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity. Being overweight was associated with lesser odds of having anaemia [OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24 - 0.71 (P = 0.01)]. The high magnitude of anaemia is high, and there is a need for nutrition-based interventions for anaemia at a primary health care level among young women in rural India.

Increased Cadmium Load, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Elevated FGF23 Levels as Pathophysiological Factors Potentially Linked to the Onset of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review.

The preventability of acute lymphocytic leukemia during childhood is currently receiving great attention, as it is one of the most common cancers in children. Among the known risk factors so far are those affecting the development of gut microbiota, such as a short duration or absence of breastfeeding, cesarean section, a diet lacking in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the use of antibiotics, absence of infection during infancy, and lack of pets, among other factors. Namely, it has been shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and lack of vitamin D may cause intestinal dysbiosis, while at the same time, both increase the risk of hematological malignancies. The presence of IDA and vitamin D deficiency have been shown to lead to a decreased proportion of Firmicutes in stool, which could, as a consequence, lead to a deficit of butyrate. Moreover, children with IDA have increased blood concentrations of cadmium, which induces systemic inflammation and is linked to the onset of an inflammatory microenvironment in the bone marrow. Finally, IDA and Cd exposure increase fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) blood levels, which in turn suppresses vitamin D synthesis. A lack of vitamin D has been associated with a higher risk of ALL onset. In brief, as presented in this review, there are three independent ways in which IDA increases the risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) appearance. These are: intestinal dysbiosis, disruption of vitamin D synthesis, and an increased Cd load, which has been linked to systemic inflammation. All of the aforementioned factors could generate the appearance of a second mutation, such as ETV6/RUNX1 (TEL-AML), leading to mutation homozygosity and the onset of disease. ALL has been observed in both IDA and thalassemia. However, as IDA is the most common type of anemia and the majority of published data pertains to it, we will focus on IDA in this review.

Sheng Xue Ning as a Novel Agent that Promotes SCF-Driven Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation to Promote Erythropoiesis.

Stimulating erythropoiesis is essential in the treatment of various types of anemia. Sheng Xue Ning (SXN) is commonly used in China as an iron supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia, renal anemia, and anemia in pregnancy. This research reports a novel effect of SXN in enhancing the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) to promote erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, which is distinct from conventional iron supplements that primarily aid in the maturation of red blood cells. Employing a model of hematopoietic dysfunction induced by X-ray exposure, we evaluated the efficacy of SXN in restoring hematopoietic function. SXN significantly promoted the recovery of peripheral erythroid cells and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of Lin-/c-KIT+/Sca-1+ HSPC in mice exposed to X-ray irradiation. Our results showed that SXN elevated the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and activated the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, facilitating the proliferation and differentiation of HSPC. In vitro, SXN markedly enhanced the proliferation of bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) and the colony-forming capacity of BFU-E, CFU-E, and CFU-GM, while also elevating the expression of proteins involved in the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT pathway in BMNC. Additionally, SXN enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and increased SCF secretion. In conclusion, SXN demonstrates the capacity to enhance erythropoiesis by upregulating SCF expression, thereby promoting HSPC proliferation and differentiation via the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT pathway. SXN may offer a new strategy for improving the activity of HSPC and promoting erythropoiesis in the treatment of hematopoiesis disorders.

Current Utilization and Research Status of Herbal Medicine Sipjeondaebotang for Anemia: A Scoping Review.

Anemia is a global health issue affecting diverse populations, particularly older adults, and conventional treatments often show limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization and effectiveness of Sipjeondaebotang (SDT), a prescription drug used in traditional East Asian medicine, in treating various types of anemia. A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched for clinical studies on SDT, while focusing on human participants and excluding animal and cellular studies. Sixteen studies, including nine randomized controlled trials, two controlled clinical trials, two case series, and three case reports, involving 863 participants, were analyzed. These studies were primarily conducted in China, Korea, and Japan. According to the analysis, SDT improved hemoglobin levels across all types of anemia studied, with all controlled studies showing significant improvements compared with the control groups. Additionally, SDT reduced blood loss, improved recovery times, and decreased transfusion requirements in patients with post-operative anemia, with lower adverse event rates than those in the control groups. These findings suggest that SDT may enhance hematological parameters and improve overall patient outcomes. In conclusion, SDT may be an effective treatment for anemia that improves hemoglobin levels and patient outcomes. However, further high-quality, large-scale studies are necessary to standardize SDT prescriptions, confirm the optimal treatment duration, and validate its efficacy and safety across different anemia types.