Two-way Indicator Species Analysis Research Articles

Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the main vegetation types of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia? What are the main environmental factors affecting their diversity? What is their syntaxonomic position? Can we integrate them into the European vegetation classification system?LocationCentral and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia.MethodsWe collected 3104 vegetation plots of forest and shrubland vegetation in the study region and performed Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification. We described vegetation types based on the classification results, expert knowledge and information from literature sources. We defined diagnostic species and prepared distribution maps for each vegetation type. To determine the most significant environmental variables on floristic differentiation, we used canonical correspondence analysis. Detrended correspondence analysis with passive projection of most significant environmental variables was run to interpret the environmental variation of vegetation types.ResultsThe studied vegetation was divided into 29 vegetation types related to seven main vegetation groups: relict Mediterranean forests and shrubland (mainly along the coastline, beside some inland localities), lowland to submontane forests, central Euxine mountain forests, eastern Euxine (Colchic) mountain forests, subeuxine forests, azonal riparian forests and subalpine and alpine shrubland. Elevation is the most important factor causing the differentiation in vegetation. It is followed by longitude and latitude. Among climatic variables, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and precipitation of the wettest quarter are the most significant factors for vegetation differentiation. These factors correlate with the reduction of maritime climate and geomorphological features.ConclusionsVegetation types mostly correspond to the syntaxa accepted in the EuroVegChecklist. However, some of them do not appear in the EuroVegChecklist since they appear only beyond Europe. We described three syntaxa as new: Abietion equi‐trojani, Querco cerridis‐Carpinion orientalis and Piceo orientalis‐Fagenion orientalis. The study revealed high vegetation diversity of the region that should be taken into consideration in ecosystem management and used as a reference in restoration and mitigation of the effects of global changes.

Responses of arid plant species diversity and composition to environmental factors

An oasis is a unique natural landscape in arid and semi-arid areas, significant for regulating regional microclimates and hydrological processes in deserts. However, little is known regarding the response of natural oasis plants communities to various environmental factors. Nineteen sample plots (50 m × 50 m) were selected in the Daliyabuyi Oasis in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland based on the location of groundwater monitoring wells and 76 vegetation quadrats (25 m × 25 m) were established. A two-way indicator species analysis, Mantel test, detrended correspondence analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and hierarchical partitioning were used to provide an in-depth analysis of community classification, species composition, and environmental interpretation of the oasis. A generalized linear model was used to verify the results which showed that the current oasis community could be divided into four types according to the dominant species, which is controlled by soil moisture. Measurement of species composition and distribution of communities showed significant differences between species diversity of individual community types. Variations in groundwater depth affects patterns of species diversity which is sensitive to richness, while the degree of surface water disturbance affects the pattern of species evenness. Moreover, the CCA ordination map showed that community distribution and diversity characteristics have their own preferences in habitat gradients. The study concluded that the species dominance of the community and the composition and distribution are not dominated by a single factor. There are differences in the scale and effect of different water resource types in maintaining community characteristics.

Community structure of tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the eutrophic environment (the Golden Horn Estuary, Turkey)

The distribution of tintinnid species and their associations with environmental variables were evaluated in the eutrophic Golden Horn estuary ecosystem. The samples were collected from two stations monthly between October 2009 and September 2010. The study determined 17 tintinnid species belonging to five families and nine genera. In the study, the results of environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi disk, chlorophyll-a, and nutrients were recorded synchronously with tintinnid samples. Also, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were applied to the data. According to this statistical analysis, the diversity was high in spring and summer, and it was determined that temperature was the main factor affecting tintinnid composition. Also, Tintinnopsis beroidea could be used as a potential indicator species in ascertaining the NH4–N, and Codonellopsis schabi and Tintinnopsis acuminata were detected to be winter and spring seasons indicators.

Composition, distribution and environmental drivers of Mongolian rangeland plant communities

AbstractIn Mongolia, overgrazing and the resulting degradation of rangelands are recognized as serious issues. To address rangeland degradation, we sought to develop a broad-scale vegetation classification of Mongolian rangeland communities focusing on regional characteristics. Moreover, we sought to clarify the spatial distributions of communities and the environmental drivers of the distributions. Between 2012 and 2016, we surveyed vegetation in 278 plots (each 10 m × 10 m) in different regions of Mongolia (43–50° N, 87–119° E) in plots where grazing pressure is low relative to adjacent areas. The data were grouped into vegetation units using a modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). We then explored the regional characteristics of species compositions and community distributions, as well as relationships between distributions and climatic variables. The modified TWINSPAN classified the vegetation data into three cluster groups, each of which corresponds to a particular type of zonal vegetation (i.e. forest steppe, steppe and desert steppe). The aridity index was identified as an important driver of the distributions of all cluster groups, whereas longitude and elevation were important determinants of the distribution of clusters within cluster groups. Western regions, which are characterized by higher elevation and continentality compared with eastern regions, have lower mean temperature and precipitation during the wettest quarter, leading to differences in species composition within cluster groups. Regional differences in species composition reflect differences in phytogeographic origin. Thus, the framework of species composition and distributional patterns in Mongolian rangeland communities was demonstrated in relation to climatic and geographical factors.

The epiphytic bryophyte succession of Buxus sempervirens forests in the Fırtına Valley, Rize (North Türkiye)

In this study, the epiphytic bryophyte succession of the Buxus sempervirens L. forests in Fırtına Valley (Çamlıhemşin-Rize, North Türkiye), one of the nine biodiversity hotspots in Türkiye, were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 60 sampling plots were taken from the live trunks of the B. sempervirens trees of different ages. Twenty-nine epiphytic bryophyte species were determined (24 mosses and 5 liverworts) within the sample plots. Also, six different life form types and four different habitat affinity categories were determined. The mat type life form is in the first place with 34.4% whereas the and cortico-saxicolous species are the most common with 51.7%. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classified the epiphytic bryophyte communities on the trunks of the B. sempervirens at the second level into two main clusters (A and B) and three sub-clusters (A1, B1 and, B2). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) axis 1 was interpreted as gradient along the height of the epiphytic habitat (from the lower base to the upper zone) on trunks and the DCA axis 2 was interpreted as gradient of moisture (from mesic to xeric). Exsertotheca crispa (Hedw.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt was the species with the highest Index of Ecological Significance (IES) value on the lower bases of the aged trees. Species diversity and epiphytic cover in the upper zones were lower than in the basal and middle zones in the study area. While Metzgeria furcata, (L.) Corda, Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske, Plagiothecium nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, and Radula lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C.Hartm were only found on old trees, Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. and Pseudoleskeella nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm were only found on middle-aged trees.

A vegetation classification and description of Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Aims: This study identified, classified and mapped the different plant communities found on the Telperion Nature Reserve. Study area: Telperion Nature Reserve, Mpumulanga, South Africa. Methods: Using a 1:10,000 aerial photograph, Telperion was delineated into homogenous physiognomic-physiographic units. 294 sample plots (100 m2) were placed in a randomly stratified manner within identified homogenous units. Plant species present in sample plots were recorded and allocated a modified Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale value. Sample plot data were captured into TURBOVEG and exported for editing, classification and processing in JUICE. A modified TWINSPAN classification was applied to derive a first approximation of the plant communities in a synoptic table that was refined using Braun-Blanquet procedures. Species were manually arranged into groups. Diagnostic, constant and dominant species were statistically determined from the synoptic table. Threshold values for fidelity, frequency and canopy cover were set and a final phytosociological table was produced for describing the plant species composition for the different plant communities. Results: 22 plant communities were identified for Telperion. Five were major communities, 14 were sub-communities and 13 were variants. The five major plant communities were Cyathea dregei–Ilex mitis ravine woodland, Paspalum urvillei–Phragmites australis valley bottom wetland, Diospyros lycioides–Combretum erythrophyllum riparian woodland, Eragrostis curvula–Seriphium plumosum midslope plateau grassland, and Combretum molle–Englerophytum magalismontanum rocky ridge woodland. The plant communities were also described and mapped. Conclusions: The classification, description and mapping of Telperion’s vegetation provides a basis for management decision making about wildlife stocking rates, fire planning, and vegetation management. Findings indicate that Bankenveld vegetation is heterogeneous with a variety of habitats including woodland and grassland components. Telperion has a variety of plant communities and a high plant species diversity, making it a reservoir for plant species and an important conservation area. Taxonomic reference: SA-Plant Checklist-2019–2020, South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2020, Botanical Database of Southern Africa (BODATSA) (http://posa.sanbi.org/) [accessed January 2022]. Abbreviations: BB = Braun-Blanquet; m a.s.l. = metres above sea level; TWINSPAN = Two-way indicator species analysis.

Relationship between species distribution of sandy alpine grasslands and microtopography in the source regions of Yangtze river

Dynamic of sandy alpine grasslands affect the progress and reversal of desertification in source regions of the Yangtse Rivers. To understand geomorphic driving mechanism of species distribution pattern, we examined the species compositions and delineated the most important landform factors influencing species distribution of sandy alpine grassland using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Field survey were conducted in summer of 2016 using stratified random methods in hilly sloped lands, floodplains, foothills, and valley land of study region. In total, 29 plant species grouped into 27 genera and 16 families were identified. Leymus secalinus, Elymus dahuricus and Corispermum declinatum are the dominant species of sandy alpine grassland communities in different microtopography. The present vegetation reflected xerosere character, which indicated that desertification of alpine grassland is in progress. Standard frequency distribution of species varied with different microtopography, the proportion of dominant species was generally lower than rare species, and the vegetation community was in a highly successional stage. Seven groups were distinguished through TWINSPAN, distribution of which in the DCA ordination graph showed species with similar ecotype is clustered together. The results of the CCA ordination revealed that slope and aspect are the dominant factors among microtopography determining the species distribution of sandy alpine grassland.

Composition and environmental interpretation of the weed communities in the main planting base of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. 'LingwuChangzao'), Ningxia province of China.

BackgroundZiziphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘LingwuChangzao’ is a traditional jujube cultivar in northwest China. It is of great significance to explore the weed community composition and environmental characterization for the ecological control and comprehensive management of weeds in jujube orchards. In this article, a total of 37 species were recorded in 40 sample plots (1 m × 1 m). Moreover, fourteen environmental indicators to characterize the spatial locations, climate and soil nutrient characteristics of the plant communities were adopted.MethodologyThrough the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) quantity classification and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ranking methods, the types of weed communities in the main planting base of jujube ‘LingwuChangzao’ and the main environmental factors affecting the change and distribution of weed types were analyzed.ResultsThe weed communities within the study area were divided into 15 types by the TWINSPAN classification. There were significant differences in soil factors to the species diversity indices of the weed communities, the diversity of weed communities was negatively correlated with available potassium, whereas positively correlated with soil water content. The CCA results showed that community structure and spatial distribution of weed communities were affected by soil water content, total potassium, soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen. Our results can be used as a reference for orchard weed management and provide a theoretical basis for weed invasion control and creating a higher biodiversity in arable land under the background of environmental change.

TWINSPAN classification of vegetation from South West aspect of Lower Tanawal, Abbottabad Pakistan

The aim of this research study was to explore the vegetation of Lower Tanawal, Pakistan from South west aspect. The ordination techniques Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Extended Correspondence Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were used to classify the data. TWINSPAN classified the 165 species and 24 stands into four plant communities namely Grewia-Dodonaea-Carissa, Melia–Duchesnea–Oxalis, Pinus–Rubus–Cynodon, and Olea–Punica–Rumex community. This study provided information on the Southwest aspect of the Lower Tanawal vegetation, Pakistan.

Classification and distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forests in Jiangxi, East China

AbstractEvergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) is climax vegetation in East China, and Jiangxi Province is located at the center of EBLF. Although many phytosociological studies have provided detailed descriptions on this forest at local and regional scales, knowledge on the high-level classification of EBLF and factors controlling their tree species composition and distribution are still lacking. We aim at providing a high-level classification framework for EBLF in Jiangxi and exploring the roles of topographic and climatic factors in driving their distributions. We investigated 205 EBLF plots covering the main alliances across Jiangxi Province. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were used to distinguish the EBLF types. Diagnostic and indicator species were detected. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the differences between the groups of EBLFs. We also used redundancy analysis and variation partitioning to estimate the effects of climatic, geographical and topographical factors on the distribution of EBLFs in Jiangxi. The EBLFs in Jiangxi were classified into four types based on the diagnostic taxa and verified by TWINSPAN, i.e. lowland, ravine monsoon, montane typical and dwarf cloud EBLF types. These four EBLF types are associated with climatic and topographic conditions, and their distribution pattern reflects biogeographic differences. Our study provides an important basis for the syntaxonomic classification of EBLFs and further in-depth studies on humid EBLFs in East China. We also emphasize the importance of conservation practices to protect these forests as diversified Tertiary relict plants.

Effects of South-to-North Water Diversion Project Cascade Dams on Riparian Vegetation Along the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River, China.

The influence of the construction of dams for water diversion on the ecological environment has attracted recent widespread attention. Over time, dams have emerged as one of the most important factors affecting the vegetation along the riparian zones of rivers. To elucidate the effects of cascade dams on riparian vegetation along the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, we examined riparian vegetation types upstream and downstream from dams. A total of 14 sample sites and 131 quadrats perpendicular to the river were investigated in June 2019, and 14 sample sites and 134 quadrats were investigated in October 2019. The riparian vegetation was divided into 15 (in June) and 11 (in October) vegetation types by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Significant differences were found between the vegetation types upstream and downstream of dams. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil moisture content, distance from the water, altitude and soil total nitrogen (TN) were the main environmental factors affecting plants distributions, and soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the zonal distribution of vegetation. By analyzing the impact of cascade dams on the hydrological regime, we found that the construction of cascade dams led to the differentiation of vegetation types upstream and downstream of the dam, and the riparian habitats were fragmented by these dams. This study provides both an important reference for the protection of riparian vegetation and riparian ecosystems and a basis for the management and restoration of river ecosystems after the construction of cascade dams.

Archeological Sites and Relict Landscapes as Refuge for Biodiversity: Case Study of Alexandria City, Egypt

The role of heritage sites as a shelter for biodiversity is overlooked. Eight archeological sites representing different landscapes in Alexandria City were surveyed, from which 59 stands were sampled between April 2019 and March 2021. The archeological sites and the relictual landscapes are geographically dispersed and are arranged here from west to east, representing the full range of environmental variation within the study area. The selection of stands in each site was based on the area and the variability within the habitats, the physiography, and the levels of disturbance. A composite soil sample was collected from each site. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) were carried out to identify the plant communities in the study area. The recorded taxa, their national geographical distribution, life forms, habitats, chorological types, and vegetation groups are listed. A total of 221 specific taxa, 172 native and 49 alien non-native species (representing some 10.3% of the whole range of Egyptian flora), belonging to 150 genera and 44 families, are reported in the present study. Only two endemic species were recorded in the studied urban habitats. The phytosociological analysis of the sites showed differences among vegetation types found in the archeological sites as a function of the varying degrees of enthronization. A significant effect of archeological site and relictual landscape on species diversity was observed as indicated using the richness, Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices. Flat plains are substantially more diverse than any of the other habitats in the present study, followed by the habitat of rocky ridge slope. The present study found evidence of an ecological legacy that persists today within the semi-arid climatic ecosystem of Alexandria City. The study highlights the urgent need for measures to maintain cultural landscapes while considering the conservation of biodiversity within the archeological sites. It is hoped that the outcomes of the current study can provide guidance on the potential integration of biodiversity conservation in planning the management of archeological sites.

The Effects of Edaphic Factors on Riparian Plants in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River, China.

It is important to understand the interactions between soil and plant in riparian zones to ensure ecosystem function. The effects of edaphic factors on plant composition and species diversity were investigated in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River (MLHR), China. A total of 154 species of herbs were recorded, and vegetation was divided into 32 clusters according to a two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum were the most common clusters, accounting for 22.7% and 12.5% of total samples, respectively. Hydric and mesic species were dominant in the first and second transects, with mesophytes dominating the third and fourth transects. First transects situated were mainly composed of perennials and annuals, respectively. Perennials in second transects were present in 83% of sites, and perennials in the third and fourth transects were present in 86% of the sites. Margalef richness index (Dma), Simpson dominance diversity index (D), Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H) and Pielou evenness index (Jsw) were higher in the first transects in some sites. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results indicated that soil moisture content was the dominant factor affecting hydrophilic vegetation types, and total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) were the most critical factors affecting plant life history types and species diversities in this area.

CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETATION OF LOWER TANAWAL, PAKISTAN BY CLUSTER ANALYSIS ON THE BASIS OF ALTITUDE

During this research study on the basis of altitude 5 altitudinal ranges were formed from 2396 to 6742 ft. from Lower Tanawal, Abbottabad Pakistan. From these 05 altitudinal ranges 17 plant communities were established, 3 plant communities were documented from altitudinal range I (2396-3054 ft). Four plant communities were formed from altitudinal range II (3142-3613 ft). Three plant communities were recognized from altitudinal range III (3708-4182 ft). Four plant communities were recorded from altitudinal range IV (4220-4666 ft). Three plant communities were established from altitudinal range V (4827-6742 ft). The ordination techniques Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) were used to classify the data.

Syntaxonomy and gradient analysis of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) communities in eastern Hyrcanian forests, northern Iran

AbstractThe aim of this study is to outline syntaxonomical diversity of yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the eastern of Hyrcanian forests, Jahan Nama Protected Area (JNPA), and to identify their main environmental gradients. Vegetation units were classified using modified TWINSPAN (two‐way indicator species analysis) and were translated into syntaxonomic system. Syntaxa were determined by re‐arrangement of each relevé based on diagnostic species. Syntaxa were finally evaluated by diagnostic species and environmental parameters according to phi‐values and analysis of variance, respectively. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to visualize the dissimilarity of syntaxa and their relationships with the environmental factors. The classification of JNPA yew forests resulted in six vegetation units. These patterns were translated into four associations (Asso.), two sub‐associations (Subasso.) and two variants (Var.). (Asso.1) Fago orientalis‐Taxetum baccatae is found in northern aspects with lower slopes and higher soil depth; (Asso.2) Aceri velutini‐Taxetum baccatae is occurring in the moderate but rocky slopes. Asso.1 and Asso.2 are the same in altitude and involving Carpinus betulus as a co‐dominant. (Asso.3) Carpino betuli‐Carpino orientalis‐Taxetum baccatae developed in the intermediate slopes. (Asso.4) Carpino orientalis‐Taxetum baccatae appeared in the highest slope of northeast and northwest aspects with shallow soil depth. The main factors determining the species composition of the JNPA syntaxa are slope, eastness, elevation, and clay content. Finally, we concluded that yew could be associated by different plant species with different ecological desirability in the eastern of Hyrcanian forests. This study also provided the specific pattern of forest community type between C. betulus and C. orientalis in the JNPA using species combination concept.

洮河国家湿地公园主要植物群落多样性对土壤环境因子的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 洮河国家湿地公园主要植物群落多样性对土壤环境因子的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101090098 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41461013和41861009） Response of main plant community diversity to soil environmental factors in Taohe national wetland park Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:内陆河湿地原生植被群落多样性对土壤环境因子的响应分析，有助于深入理解河岸带原生植物群落的生态适应策略。采用双向指示种分析（two-way indicator species analysis，TWINSPAN）和典范对应分析（canonical correspondence analysis，CCA）方法对研究区27个样方的原生植物群落进行分析，研究河岸带植物群落多样性与土壤因子之间的关系。结果表明：研究区主要原生植物有8种生活型，群落类型可分为女贞（Ligustrum lucidum）+野蔷薇（Rosa multiflora）群落、杠柳（Periploca sepium）群落、艾蒿（Artemisia argyi）+狗娃花（Heteropappus hispidus）群落、旋覆花（Inula japonica）+败酱（Patrinia scabiosaefolia）群落、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）+小檗（Berberis thunbergii）群落和沙棘+红花岩黄耆（Hedysarum multijugum）群落6类。群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）整体呈下降趋势，Pielou均匀度指数（J）呈现增减交替的趋势，Simpson优势度指数（C）整体呈增加趋势，土壤粉粒含量与Simpson优势度指数（C）呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05），其他土壤因子与多样性指数无显著相关关系（P>0.05），表明土壤中粉粒含量是影响河流湿地原生植物群落分布和多样性的关键因子之一。内陆河流湿地土壤质地类型的差异性一定程度上决定河岸带湿地生态系统原生植物群落的种类组成和分布格局。 Abstract:Analysis of the adaptability of the distribution and diversity of virginal vegetation in inland river wetland to soil environmental factors is helpful to understand the ecological adaptation strategies of the native plant communities in riparian zone. This study aims to examine the response of main plant community diversity to soil environmental factors in Taohe national wetland park. The two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) methods were used to analyze the native plant communities of 27 quadrats in the study area. The study site was located in the national wetland park conservation areas in Lintao County, Gansu Province, China (35°05'27″-35°15'58″ N, 103°45'43″-103°50'55″ E). Firstly, in the riparian zone on both sides of the middle section of Taohe National Wetland Park, a flat area with relatively intact native vegetation (vegetation formed by nature but not affected by obvious human activities), less disturbance from human activities, and no obvious topographic fluctuation was selected in the direction of vertical river. Secondly, the 27 representative sample plots, including shrub and herb communities were selected. A 5 m+5 m shrub quadrat was set in each shrub plot. The height, density and coverage of all species in the quadrat were recorded in the survey of shrub community. In the investigation of herb community, 3 plots (1 m+1 m) were randomly selected from the thicket quadrats, and the height, coverage, density, frequency and life type of all plants in each quadrat were recorded in detail. The results showed that there were 8 life types of the main native plants in the study area, and the community types could be divided into 6 types. They were Ligustrum lucidum+Rosa multiflora community, Periploca sepium community, Artemisia argyi+Heteropappus hispidus community, Inula japonica+Patrinia scabiosaefolia community, Hippophae rhamnoides+Berberis thunbergii community, and Hedysarum multijugum community. Besides, Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') showed a decreasing trend as a whole, while Simpson dominance index (C) displayed opposite changing trend, and Pielou evenness index (J) exhibited a trend of increase or decrease in alternate. Moreover, there was a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) between the content of soil silt and C, and there was no significant correlation between other soil factors and the diversity index (P>0.05), indicated that the soil silt content of the soil was one of the key factors affecting the distribution and diversity of native plant communities in river wetland. The difference of soil texture type in inland river wetland determines the species composition and distribution pattern of native plant communities in riparian wetland ecosystem to some extent. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Composition and structure of plant communities in the Moist Temperate Forest Ecosystem of the Hindukush Mountains, Pakistan.

Here, we investigated the relationship between Plant communities and the environment from the moist temperate vegetation of Lakoo mountainous forest District Swat. We sampled data from 162 sampling units (Quadrates) using 1x1m2 for herbs 5x5m2 and shrubs, while 10 x10m2 for trees, systematically considering six elevation gradients between the altitudinal from 1970m to 3095m. We performed statistical analysis like Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis) for ecological assessment and clustering of plant communities. To check upon the correlation of species (CR) with topographic and edaphic variables we used statistical software PC-ORD version 7. We recognized 264 species plants belonging to thirty families. We recorded key sampling measurements of density, frequency, and cover for all these species which are vital for community description. The results showed Shannon-Winner,s, and Simpson diversity values as 19.18 and 3.17 respectively. The importance value indexes (IVI) were used to identify the leading and rare species of plant in each community or cluster group. In total we recognized eleven different communities as: Berberis- Abies- Bergeni, Picea - Indigofera- Poa,Abies- Parrotiopsis- Poa, Quercus- Viburnum- Poa, Picea- Salix- Primula, Abies- Viburnum- Poa, Viburnum- Taxus- Poa, Pinus- Viburnum- Lithospermum, Abies-Berberis- carex, Pinus- Viburnum- Poa and Parrotiopsis- Picea- Poa through hierarchical cluster analysis (TWINSPAN). CCA analysis revealed that of all studied edaphic and topographic variables altitude, silt, calcium carbonate, and organic matter were the strongest factors determining plant community diversity and composition in each microclimate of the eleven communities. Visually the vegetation of the forest was dominated by small-sized trees followed by shrubs, and regenerates indicating the stage of secondary regeneration. We found severe human interference in disturbing the existing biodiversity, which requires immediate conservation to ensure sustainable management and utilization of natural resources of the Lalkoo moist temperate forest.

西藏东部高寒草甸苔藓植物群落数量分类与排序

为探讨高寒草甸苔藓植物群落分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系, 按网格法在西藏东部的林芝市和昌都市设置了28个高寒草甸样地, 采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)、除趋势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)的方法对群落进行数量分类和排序。结果显示, 共记录有苔藓植物19科30属60种, 均为藓类植物；其中, 丛藓科和真藓科的物种数占总种数的55%。群落优势种为北地对齿藓(Didymodon fallax)、垂枝藓(Rhytidium rugosum)、山羽藓(Abietinella abietina)、厚角绢藓(Entodon concinnus)、尖叶对齿藓芒尖变种(Didymodon constrictus var. flexicuspis)和短叶对齿藓(Didymodon tectorus)。根据TWINSPAN分析结果可将西藏东部高寒草甸苔藓植物群落划分为9个群丛, 分别为沙氏真藓(Bryum sauteri)群丛、细枝羽藓(Thuidium delicatulum)+狭网真藓(Bryum algovicum)+羽枝青藓(Brachythecium plumosum)群丛、尖叶对齿藓芒尖变种群丛、山羽藓+厚角绢藓+垂枝藓群丛、扭口藓(Barbula unguiculata)+垂枝藓+山羽藓群丛、垂枝藓+曲尾藓(Dicranum scoparium)群丛、厚角绢藓群丛、北地对齿藓群丛、短叶对齿藓群丛, 分类结果反映了群丛类型与环境之间的关系。CCA分析结果表明, 影响西藏东部高寒草甸苔藓植物群落分布的首要环境因子是纬度, 其次是归一化植被指数(NDVI), 再次是黏土比例, 海拔和太阳辐射也有一定影响。;To explore the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities in the alpine meadow and their relationships with environmental factors in eastern Tibet, 28 sample plots were set up in Nyingchi and Changdu based on the grid sampling method. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to the quantitative classification and ordination of bryophyte communities. The results showed that 60 species of bryophytes in 30 genera and 19 families were recorded, which all belonged to mosses. The number of species belonging to Pottiaceae and Bryaceae accounted for 55% of the total species richness. The dominant species of the communities were Didymodon fallax, Rhytidium rugosum, Abietinella abietina, Entodon concinnus, Didymodon constrictus var. flexicuspis, and Didymodon tectorus. According to the TWINSPAN analysis, bryophyte communities were classified into nine associations (i.e. Bryum sauteri association, Thuidium delicatulum + Bryum algovicum + Brachythecium plumosum association, Didymodon constrictus var. flexicuspis association, Abietinella abietina+Entodon concinnus+Rhytidium rugosum association, Barbula unguiculata+Rhytidium rugosum+Abietinella abietina association, Rhytidium rugosum+Dicranum scoparium, Entodon concinnus association, Didymodon fallax association, Didymodon tectorus association), which reflected the relationships between vegetation types and the environmental factors. CCA analysis revealed that latitude was the predominant environmental factor, followed by Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), percentage of soil clay, influencing the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities in the alpine meadow of eastern Tibet. In addition, altitude and solar radiation were the other two environmental factors which significantly affected the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities.

基于群落视角的五台山景区森林植被旅游承载力研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于群落视角的五台山景区森林植被旅游承载力研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105231336 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41571141）；山西省哲学社会科学规划课题（2020YY118）；山西省研究生教育改革研究项目（2019JG129，2020YJJG168） Tourism carrying capacity of forest vegetation in Wutai Mountain scenic area based on community perspective Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植被旅游承载力的研究对于加强山地型景区生态管理，促进可持续发展具有重要意义。文章从多角度建立了群落旅游承载力的测量指标，并对五台山景区森林植被的旅游承载力进行了测算。结果表明：①五台山森林群落可分为多幼苗-有灌木型、少幼苗-有灌木型、多幼苗-无灌木型、少幼苗-无灌木型、有萌枝-有灌木型、有萌枝-无灌木型、极少萌枝-有幼苗型以及无萌枝-无幼苗型，各组类型逐渐由生态环境良好区到生态环境较差区递变。②群落旅游承载力的测算结果显示，有37个样方处于超载状态，且主要受到寺庙与村落周边的旅游干扰影响。③群落旅游承载力也受到各类地理因子的影响。其中，坡向、坡形分别与群落旅游承载力呈显著负相关和显著正相关，其余地理因子则与群落旅游承载力呈正相关关系。 Abstract:Research of the tourism carrying capacity of vegetation is important to strengthen the ecological management of mountainous scenic areas and promote sustainable development. Based on relevant studies at home and abroad, this article constructed an evaluation index system of the tourism carrying capacity of the community from four aspects:the vertical structure, the horizontal structure, the life-form spectrum, and the renewal ability of plant community. Various quantitatively ecological methods such as Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) were used to measure the tourism carrying capacity of forest vegetation in Wutai Mountain scenic area. The results show that:① based on the classification results of TWINSPAN, the forest communities in Wutai Mountain can be divided into the type with many seedlings and some shrubs, the type with few seedlings and some shrubs, the type with many seedlings and no shrubs, the type with few seedlings and no shrubs, the type with some shrubs and sprouts, the type with some sprouts and no shrubs, the type with very few sprouts and some seedlings, the type with no seedlings and no sprouts. The types of each group were transited gradually from good to poor ecological environment. ② The measurement results of the tourism carrying capacity of the community showed that 43 samples were not overloaded, 37 samples were overloaded, and the total overload rate was 46.25%. The overloaded samples were mainly affected by the tourism interference around the temples and villages. ③ The principal geographical factors affecting the change of tourism carrying capacity of the community could be identified by the Pearson correlation analysis method, such as altitude, slope, slope position, slope shape, and aspect. Among them, the slope shape was significantly positively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community, the aspect was significantly negatively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community, and the rest of geographical factors were positively correlated with the tourism carrying capacity of the community. In addition, some targeted control strategies were pointed out for vegetation protection and ecological management in Wutai Mountain scenic area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Community Differentiation and Ecological Influencing Factors along Environmental Gradients: Evidence from 1200 km Belt Transect across Inner Mongolia Grassland, China

In this work, we conducted a 1200 km belt transect for field survey in typical and meadow steppes across Inner Mongolia Plateau in 2018. The field investigation, laboratory soil analysis, and quantitative ecology methods were utilized to explore the differentiation characteristics of the plant community, and their relationships with ecological factors. The results showed that a total of 140 vascular plants within 108 quadrats mainly comprised of Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae. Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) revealed eight vegetation typologies: I: Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Dysphania aristata, II: Stipa grandis + Leymus chinensis, III: Stipa sareptana var. krylovii + Leymus chinensis, IV: Stipa grandis + Cleistogenes squarrosa, V: Stipa grandis + Carex duriuscula, VI: Stipa baicalensis + Leymus chinensis, VII: Carex pediformis + Stipa baicalensis, VIII: Leymus chinensis + Elymus dahuricus. Detrend Correspondence Analysis (DCA) confirmed the above eight vegetation typologies and indicated a relatively small variation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the spatial differentiation characteristics in the typical steppe were chiefly driven by precipitation, while the influencing factor in the meadow steppe was soil nutrients, followed by temperature and precipitation. The contrast between typical and meadow steppes revealed that the spatial distribution of typical steppe was influenced by precipitation, while the contribution of heat and water in the meadow steppe was equal. The conclusion revealed that the temperature and precipitation conditions coupled with soil nutrients shaped the spatial differentiation characteristics of temperate steppe vegetation in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Therefore, this study advanced our knowledge of the spatial patterns of temperate steppe along longitude and latitude gradients, providing scientific and theoretical guidance for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem management of the Inner Mongolia grassland.