Two-phase System Research Articles

Segatella asaccharophila sp. nov., an anaerobic pectinophile isolated from a two-phase methane fermentation system.

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rod (strain LPYR103-PreT) was isolated from a two-phase methane fermentation system. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, strain LPYR103-PreT was classified in the genus Segatella. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain LPYR103-PreT and its phylogenetically nearest species - Segatella cerevisiae JCM 30867T - were 94.4, 77.9 and 23.4%, respectively. The genome size of strain LPYR103-PreT was 3 326 733 bp, and its genomic DNA G+C content was 44.05%. The most abundant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The growth of strain LPYR103-PreT was stimulated by the addition of pectin, d-galacturonate and d-glucuronate; in contrast, the strain exhibited poor growth in the presence of common sugars, such as glucose. Therefore, strain LPYR103-PreT was classified as a pectinophile - a bacterium that shows a preference for pectin and a few related compounds as substrates. Glucose is degraded by type strains of 12 species belonging to the genus Segatella; thus, strain LPYR103-PreT is the first described pectinophile belonging to this genus. Strain LPYR103-PreT produced succinate and acetate as its major metabolic end products. Based on the differences in the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain LPYR103-PreT and related species, the name Segatella asaccharophila sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strain LPYR103-PreT (= NRIC 0997T = JCM 37351T=DSM 118531T = KCTC 25923T).

On the compatibility of the Madrid-2019 force field for electrolytes with the TIP4P/Ice water model.

The Madrid-2019 force field was recently developed to perform simulations of electrolytes in water. The model was specifically parameterized for TIP4P/2005 water and uses scaled charges for the ions. In this work, we test the compatibility of the Madrid-2019 force field with another water model: TIP4P/Ice. We shall denote this combination as Madrid-2019(TIP4P/Ice) force field. The key idea of this combination is to keep the ion-ion (Madrid-2019) and water-water (TIP4P/Ice) interactions unaltered with respect to the original models and taking the Lennard-Jones parameters for the ion-water interactions from the Madrid-2019 force field. By implementing this approach, we have maintained a reasonably good performance of the model regarding the densities and structural features of aqueous solutions, albeit yielding a moderately higher viscosity than the original model. However, the standout achievement of this new combination lies in its effective reproduction of the absolute values of the freezing temperatures of a number of ionic aqueous solutions, which could also be useful when studying hydrate formation from a two-phase system containing an aqueous solution in contact with a gas.

The Influence of Vortex Flow in the Dispersed Phase on Droplet Formation Dynamics

Abstract This work explores the characteristics of a two-phase system&s dispersed phase flow that interacts inside the microfluidic channel at the junction. Direct visualization and µ-particle image velocimetry measurements are performed on the interaction of two immiscible fluids in different stepped flow-focusing (S.F.F.) channels for droplet formation. The capillary instabilities produce the counter-rotating vortex flow in dispersed phase fluid at the interface, which plays a significant role in droplet formation. The vortex flow has been analyzed using various data processing techniques. The effect of flow rate and step channel dimensions on the evolution of the vortices generated during droplet thread propagation is studied. The strength of the vortex and momentum flux led to the development of more bulging shapes in the droplet thread. Also, this study exhibits transient flow characteristics during the detachment stage and contributes to understanding its influences on mass transfer at the micro-level dimensions.

ON THE GAUSSIAN CURVATURE FUNCTIONAL IN THE CLASS OF SURFACES OF POSITIVE GAUSSIAN CURVATURE

The paper establishes the form of the Gaussian curvature functional defined on the class of infinitely differentiable horizontal surfaces of positive Gaussian curvature. With respect to admissible surfaces, it is assumed that they admit a global semi-geodetic parametrization. The paper proves that the first variation of the functional on the class of variations of admissible surfaces admitting connections between the coefficients of the first quadratic form and their geodesic lines similar to the axisymmetric case is determined by the Gaussian curvature of the varied surface. The considerations of the type are closely connected with the problems of the study of the equilibrium forms having one of the main curvatures sufficiently small. In this case, the classical Laplace formula fails. Thus, there appear a necessity to take into account more subtle processes leading to the adequate description of the equilibrium state of the two-phased system. In particular, it is quite natural to introduce into the study an intermediate layer consisting of the molecules of the two different phases, one of the Maxwell’s ideas. The calculations of the work spended by the pressure forces for the formation of intermediate layer leads us to the necessity to introduce Gauss functional into consideration. Linear combination of mean curvature and gaussian curvature functionals gives possibility to construct variational solution of generalized Laplace equation.

Numerical simulation–based optimization of an integrated framework for the efficient development and sustainable utilization of geothermal resources: Application to the Bedugul geothermal field

Geothermal energy is a crucial renewable resource that can generate large power continuously but requires integrated and accurate assessments of its development and utilization for long-term and sustainable exploitation. Accordingly, this study develops an assessment framework considering all the influential factors for power generation: the potential capacity; silica scaling; type of power generation system; and temporal changes in the pressure, temperature, and fluid saturation in the reservoir. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated via a case study of the Bedugul geothermal two-phase system on Bali Island, Indonesia, using a calibrated numerical model and a stochastic resource assessment. The numerical model is a combination of wellbore, silica scaling, and thermodynamic power generation models. On the basis of the wellbore model by the Hagedorn and Brown pressure drop correlation, the calculated means of the production capacity and enthalpy from the liquid reservoir are 39.0 kg/s and 1340 kJ/kg, respectively. Using double-flash and flash-binary power generation systems over an exploitation period with a two-phase reservoir temperature of 260 °C, a reinjection temperature of 130 °C, and a silica scaling model, the predicted production from the liquid reservoir can sustain a power generation of 60 MWe, which is equivalent to 70 % of the power potential, according to a stochastic resource assessment using the Plackett–Burman design. The double-flash system is found to generate 1.0 MWe more power (a 1.6 % increase relative to the baseline capacity) than the flash-binary system using pentane as working fluid and to extend the lifetime of the make-up wells by 2.5 years. Consequently, it is vital, at an early stage of development, to understand the nature and properties of reservoirs and the thermodynamics of power generation systems via comprehensive research and reliable and accurate assessments of the power production capacity.

The possible role of coherence in highly diluted and succussed aqueous solutions

The historical problem of potentized (homeopathic, spagiric and other) remedies deals with their chemical-physical plausibility, i.e.: a consistent physical (molecular or electromagnetic) description have not yet been worked out and shared in scientific contexts [1]. I think that this difficulty pertains to the "generally accepted view of condensed matter" (to quote our mourned Giuliano Preparata [2]) and water condensed phases. Until we stay attached to a local, corpuscular and short-ranged description of matter (and of water, mainly) we won't be able to conceive the emergence of complex collective dynamics and their phenomenological outcomes. These are engendered by non-trivial ground states of the aqueous system in consequence both of its intrinsic nature and of the treatments to which it is subjected during dynamization. In this lecture I'll try, through a Quantum Electro-Dynamic (QED) theoretical framework [3,4,5], to sketch out the main features which let us envision liquid water as a two-phase system, where coherence is the basis both for its condensedness and for its ability to maintain long-lasting and far-from-equilibrium states able to non-randomly evolve in time through dissipative dynamics, and to understand the physical nature and properties of potentized remedies. Further comments about a likewise important question will be shared: how and why living matter is able to respond to such a kind of (possibly therapeutic) stimulations? [6,7]

Comparison of Different High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Injection Modes for the Separation of Glabridin.

In this work, different injection modes (single injection, overlapping injection, and continuous injection) of countercurrent chromatography were used and compared for the isolation and purification of glabridin from the crude extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. The two-phase solvent system consisting of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:4:5:4, v/v) was employed as stationary and mobile phases. Compared with single injection mode, both overlapping injection and continuous injection modes exhibited higher separation efficiency at the same sample loading capacity. Their total separation times were 89.68% and 53.97% of the single injection mode, and the total solvent consumption were 74.88% and 52.49% of the single injection mode, respectively. Meanwhile, the yield, purity, and recovery rate of these three injection modes were almost the same. It was demonstrated that high-speed countercurrent chromatography in continuous injection mode was the most effective way for separating glabridin in three methods and it can be further applied to the separation of other economically valuable natural products.

Self-adaptive weighted physics-informed neural networks for inferring bubble motion in two-phase flow

Modeling complex fluid flow using machine learning is increasingly recognized as a valuable approach for revealing multiphase fluid phenomena. Bubble dynamics represent a classical two-phase flow problem that plays a crucial role in various engineering domains. In this paper, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are applied to facilitate incompressible two-phase bubble motion modeling by integrating governing equations and interface evolution equations. The loss function of PINNs consists of multiple loss terms, including initial and boundary conditions constraints, partial differential equations residuals, and volume fraction constraints. The performance of PINNs is influenced by the competing effects of these loss terms. Therefore, we introduce a heuristic adaptive weights approach to automatically adjust loss weights for each training point, avoiding manual tuning and improving the accuracy of PINNs. We investigate typical bubble motion cases, specifically focusing on bubble rising and breakup, to showcase the capabilities of the proposed method. We explore the impact of weights and present the results in comparison to the baselines. Through the bubble breakup case, we illustrate that our model shows superior performance even with more complex scenarios. Then we further discuss the generalization and robustness of our model, showing their indispensability over traditional solvers in gas–liquid two-phase systems. Specifically, we accelerate computation speed in transfer learning without the need to modify the original model. We also show that our method effectively solves ill-posed problems, such as those without initial data or with incomplete or noisy boundary conditions.

Temperature-sensitive homogeneous magnetic fluid based aqueous two-phase system for the purification of polyphenols from crude extract of green tea leaves

Temperature-sensitive homogeneous magnetic fluid based aqueous two-phase system for the purification of polyphenols from crude extract of green tea leaves

A Metabolomics Strategy Combining Countercurrent Separation and qNMR for the Comprehensive Chemical Evaluation of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Processing.

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is commonly used in traditional medicine as both raw and processed forms. Raw PMR was prepared into processed PMR via processing procedure; however, there is a lack of standardized protocols ensuring the completeness of processing. This aims to develop a strategy based on a metabolomics approach for the comprehensive chemical profiling and comparison of raw and processed PMR and establish a basis for PMR processing standardization. Methanol extracts of raw and processed PMR were fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) with an optimized two-phase solvent system based on the partition coefficient calculated from the shake-flask method to produce primary (1°Ms)- and secondary metabolites (2°Ms)-enriched fractions. These fractions were profiled by 1D and 2D and selective 1D NMR experiments, spectral fitting, and comparison with reference standards. The profiled compounds were quantified via quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) to show the chemical changes, which were correlated with changes in antioxidant effects on H2452 cells. A CPC method was developed to efficiently separate 1°Ms- and 2°Ms-enriched fractions. This method achieved high purity of the major stilbene in PMR in a single run. qHNMR effectively quantified four 2°Ms and twenty-one 1°Ms in both raw and processed PMR, including meso-butane-2,3-diol, which was first reported from processed PMR. Changes in chemical composition of PMR because of processing are highly correlated to the increase of antioxidant activity. A convenient and cost-effective strategy for the comprehensive chemical profiling of raw and processed PMR was developed by combining countercurrent separation and qHNMR. This approach will contribute to the standardization of medicinal herbal materials.

Aqueous two-phase systems for environmentally friendlier separation of rare earth elements and transition metals: Applications and new molecular insights

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been proposed as an alternative liquid–liquid extraction technique applicable for the separation of economically valuable metals. However, gaps in knowledge and the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in metal extraction still hinder the widespread adoption of these systems. In this study, ATPSs formed by TX-100 and electrolytes were employed to separate La, Pr, and Nd from Al and Fe. Use of an ATPS composed of TX-100, NH4SCN, and water, at pH 2.00, with a phase ratio of 1:5, resulted in total extraction of Al and Fe, although there was also considerable co-extraction of REEs. When a phase ratio of 1:2 was used for an ATPS composed of TX-100, (NH4)2SO4, and water, with NH4SCN as extractant, at pH 1.00, it was possible to separate Fe from the other metals, with significantly lower co-extraction of REEs and Al (%ELa = 4.05 %, %EPr = 6.19 %, %ENd = 4.87 %, %EFe = 98.61 %, %EAl = 2.54 %). The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations correlated well with the experimental metal extraction data, demonstrating that the characteristics and solvation of the complexes formed in the ATPS played a fundamental role in metal partitioning. Measurements of the physical properties of the ATPS phases revealed variations in viscosity and interfacial tension values, which could assist in developing applications on a larger scale. The findings demonstrated that ATPSs could be used to separate REEs from transition metals, with potential applications in the recovery of REEs present in secondary sources.

Transportation characteristics analysis of the dense-phase gas-solid two-phase flow based on phase space reconstruction

The operational efficiency and safety of the dense phase pneumatic conveying system is deeply influenced by the transportation characteristics of the dense-phase gas-solid two-phase flow in conveying pipelines. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the transport characteristics of the gas-solid two-phase flow based on the phase space reconstruction. The framework explores the transport characteristics by reconstructing the state evolution trajectories of the two-phase flow system in state space. The main goal is to enhance the interpretability of feature analysis. By employing the phase space reconstruction method to process the output signals of an electrostatic sensor, the evolution trajectory of the dynamic state of the gas-solid two-phase flow system was reconstructed in phase space.This provides an effective entry point for extracting the essential dynamic characteristics of the gas-solid two-phase flow system. Furthermore, a series of feature values were proposed, including the average speed of the trajectory, Shannon entropy of the trajectory, and the average distance between state points in phase space, which were used to respectively evaluate important transportation characteristics such as flowability, stability, and particle aggregation degree of the gas-solid two-phase flow. Moreover, through comparative analysis with visualization images that represent actual conveying conditions, the effectiveness of these proposed feature values in evaluating these transportation characteristics was verified.

Thermal Vacuum Synthesis: Physical Processes in Nanomaterial Production

The thermovacuum process offers an efficient and cost-effective method for producing nanomaterials by ensuring the continuous flow of dispersed material inside a spiral heating element. This is achieved by introducing the material into the heating element's cavity along with air, forming a two-phase gas-solid particle system. The material moves upward through the heated space, where pressure gradually decreases. Experimental studies on materials like carbon, brown coal, and zirconium dioxide indicate specific conditions are necessary for the system's continuous operation. One key requirement is that the mass of solid particles should not exceed 1.0 to 1.2 grams per liter of air entering the heating element. This limit ensures that nanodispersed and finely dispersed particles can move freely, avoiding collisions and allowing faster-moving particles to overtake slower ones. These particles increase in velocity and temperature as they pass through the heating element, with changes in heat capacity and particle motion contributing to wave motion and pulsed heat loads. The velocity at which the material particles travel depends on the thermal radiation from the heater walls and the energy generated by local pulse steam explosions, which create shock waves. Higher explosion energy results in increased particle velocity, greater impact angles against the heater walls, and higher environmental temperatures. These conditions lead to accelerated electron, proton, and other charged particle flows, forming plasma clots and neutrino clouds. The nanoparticles take various forms, including nanotubes, fullerenes, thin films, and crystals, reaching velocities up to a thousand kilometers per second and heating temperatures of up to 17 million degrees during pulses. This process consistently subjects the material to force, heat, deformation, and ionization, expediting the creation of nanodispersed materials with enhanced physicochemical and mechanical properties. The thermovacuum process not only improves the efficiency of thermotechnological equipment but also reduces energy consumption, production time, and costs. The research findings support its use in the continuous and effective production of high-quality nanomaterials.

Turbulence modulation in liquid–liquid two-phase Taylor–Couette turbulence

We investigate the coupling effects of the two-phase interface, viscosity ratio and density ratio of the dispersed phase to the continuous phase on the flow statistics in two-phase Taylor–Couette turbulence at a system Reynolds number of $6\times 10^3$ and a system Weber number of 10 using interface-resolved three-dimensional direct numerical simulations with the volume-of-fluid method. Our study focuses on four different scenarios: neutral droplets, low-viscosity droplets, light droplets and low-viscosity light droplets. We find that neutral droplets and low-viscosity droplets primarily contribute to drag enhancement through the two-phase interface, whereas light droplets reduce the system's drag by explicitly reducing Reynolds stress due to the density dependence of Reynolds stress. In addition, low-viscosity light droplets contribute to greater drag reduction by further reducing momentum transport near the inner cylinder and implicitly reducing Reynolds stress. While interfacial tension enhances turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport, drag enhancement is not strongly correlated with TKE transport for both neutral droplets and low-viscosity droplets. Light droplets primarily reduce the production term by diminishing Reynolds stress, whereas the density contrast between the phases boosts TKE transport near the inner wall. Therefore, the reduction in the dissipation rate is predominantly attributed to decreased turbulence production, causing drag reduction. For low-viscosity light droplets, the production term diminishes further, primarily due to their greater reduction in Reynolds stress, while reduced viscosity weakens the density difference's contribution to TKE transport near the inner cylinder, resulting in a more pronounced reduction in the dissipation rate and consequently stronger drag reduction. Our findings provide new insights into the physics of turbulence modulation by the dispersed phase in two-phase turbulence systems.

Olive mill wastewater treatment using vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs)

The study explores a synergistic two-phase system to treat olive mill wastewater (OMW), comprising a multilayer adsorbent filter (pretreatment) and a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW). The pretreatment phase includes layers of commercial granular activated carbon (CGAC) and volcanic tuff (VT), while the VFCW phase consists of planted tank with Phragmites australis reeds and unplanted tanks. Initially, municipal wastewater is introduced into the VFCW to establish the required microbial community. Then, pre-treated OMW is passed through the VFCW. The removal rates of various pollutants were assessed. The planted VFCW showed superior removal efficiencies, averaging 97.82% for total chemical oxygen demand (CODT), 92.78% for dissolved oxygen demand (CODd), 99.61% for total phenolic compounds (TPC), 98.94% for total nitrogen (TN), 96.96% for ammonium, and 95.83% for nitrate. In contrast, the unplanted VFCW displayed lower removal efficiencies, averaging 91.47% for CODT, 77.82% for CODd, 98.53% for TPC, 97.51% for TN, 92.04% for ammonium, and 90.82% for nitrate. These findings highlight the significant potential of VFCWs, which offer an integrated approach to OMW treatment by incorporating physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms within a single treatment system.Graphical

Azopyridine Polymers in Organic Phase Change Materials for High Energy Density Photothermal Storage and Controlled Release.

Azo-compounds molecules and phase change materials offer potential applications for sustainable energy systems through the storage and controllable release photochemical and phase change energy. Developing novel and highly efficient Azo-based solar thermal fuels (STFs) for photothermal energy storage and synergistic cooperation with organic phase change materials present significant challenges. Herein, three types of (ortho-, meta-, and para-) azopyridine polymers hinged with flexible alkyl chain are synthesized, in which meta-azopyridine polymer exhibits striking photothermal storage capacity of 430 J/g, providing a feasibility solution for developing high energy density Azo-based STFs. Furthermore, a stable two-phase hybrid system was innovatively constructed by combining the meta-azopyridine polymer with organic phase change materials leveraging hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions to collectively harness phase change energy and photothermal energy. The organic phase change material not only supplies additional phase change latent heat but also serves as a solvent, offering abundant free volume for the photo-induced isomerization of the azopyridine chromophores, which successfully circumvents the low charging efficiency in the condensed state and reliance on solvent-assisted charging in traditional Azo-based STFs. This study demonstrates the energy distribution and utilization for household consumers and the photothermal-assisted insulation strategy, achieving more extensive potential implementation for STFs.

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of an Affinity Aqueous Two-Phase System Containing Polyethylene Glycol and Sodium Sulfate Salt at Various Ligand Concentrations and pH: Experimental Determination, Correlation, and Thermodynamic Modeling

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of an Affinity Aqueous Two-Phase System Containing Polyethylene Glycol and Sodium Sulfate Salt at Various Ligand Concentrations and pH: Experimental Determination, Correlation, and Thermodynamic Modeling

Production of Xylitol and Ethanol from Agricultural Wastes and Biotransformation of Phenylacetylcarbinol in Deep Eutectic Solvent

Converting agricultural biomass wastes into bio-chemicals can significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions and foster global initiatives towards mitigating climate change. This study examined the co-production of xylitol and ethanol from xylose and glucose-rich hydrolysates of corn cob (CC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and rice straw (RS) without prior detoxification, using C. magnoliae (C. mag), C. tropicalis (C. trop), and C. guilliermondii (C. guil). A score ranking system based on weighted yields and productivity assessed the best raw material and yeast strain combination. The study revealed that C. mag cultivated on RS hemicellulosic and CC cellulosic media exhibited statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) superiority in xylitol (272 ± 5) and ethanol 273 ± 3, production. The single-phase emulsion system using frozen-thawed whole cells of CC—C. mag, CC—C. trop, and RS—C. guil was utilized for phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) biotransformation. Although similar PAC concentration within 14.4–14.7 mM was obtained, the statistically significant higher (p ≤ 0.05) volumetric pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity from C. mag at 360 min was observed by 28.3 ± 1.51%. Consequently, further utilization of CC—C. mag in a two-phase emulsion system (Pi buffer: vegetable oil (Vg. oil) and Pi buffer: deep eutectic solvents (DES)) revealed that Pi buffer: DES medium preserved volumetric PDC activity (54.0 ± 1.2%) statistically significant higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the Pi buffer: Vg. oil system (34.3 ± 1.3%), with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in [PAC]. These findings outlined the sustainable pioneering approach for the co-production of chemicals and reusing the residual yeast cells for PAC biotransformation in the Pi buffer: DES system.

All-aqueous liquid crystal emulsions for 4D laser-printing of dual-stimuli response porous 3D printlets with on-demand remote control of drug release

The integration of responsive materials with 3D printing can lead to fabrication of functional smart 4D structures for use in health, biofabrication, and biosensing. Here, we utilized an all-aqueous two-phase system made from chitosan and carrageenan to create a bioactive all-water emulsion encapsulating curcumin to develop 4D printed 'prinlets' for possible drug delivery. Specifically, we described the production of an original all-aqueous cholesteric bicontinuous liquid crystal (LC) emulsion, which was accomplished by homogenizing or sonicating a rod-like cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with two thermodynamically immiscible, phase-separating carrageenan and chitosan dispersions. Stable water-in-water emulsions were effectively prepared by mixing or sonicating the respective CNC/biopolymer dispersions, resulting in micrometric CNC/chitosan dispersed droplets (loaded with curcumin) in a CNC/carrageenan continuous phase. The LC-based emulsion showed a confined 3D percolating bicontinuous network with cholesteric self-assembly of CNCs within the carrageenan phase, while the nanoparticles in the chitosan phase remain isotropic. After laser 3D printing of the freeze-dried LC-based emulsion, 3D macroporous “printlets” encapsulated with curcumin were produced exhibiting a dual-stimuli-responsive to temperature and redox. The curcumin-loaded 3D 'printlets' exhibited superior thermosensitive properties and maintained a sustained drug release profile, exhibiting much greater on-demand release mode at human body temperature. Notably, the 3D porous “printlets” demonstrated a gated response to the aqueous environment, showcasing potential advancements in the realms of supramolecular sensors and drug delivery systems.

Green recovery of nuciferine from lotus leaf via star anise oil based two-phase solvent extraction integrated with back-extraction

In this study, we present a novel green bio-based solvent, star anise oil (SAO), which was employed to develop a two-phase solvent system incorporating both alkaline and acidic solutions for the simultaneous extraction and purification of nuciferine from waste lotus leaf. This integrative approach effectively combines two-phase solvent extraction (TPSE) with back-extraction (BE), resulting in a more streamlined extraction process that requires only vortexing (or stirring) and centrifugation, thus simplifying the overall procedure. It is important to note that this method uses very little solvent (only 2.5 times the volume of SAO relative to the weight of the lotus leaf) and takes just 4 min per extraction. After three such extractions, the recovery rate of nuciferine can reach as high as 96.9%. Unlike volatile solvents such as petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, SAO's high boiling point negates the necessity for nitrogen protection during centrifugation, thereby addressing the Pickering emulsification issues caused by particles. Only two back-extraction operations are needed to recover 96.9% of nunciferine from the TPSE extract, resulting in a nunciferine content of 45.4%. Furthermore, approximately 90% of the SAO can be directly reused for at least five cycles without additional purification. Additionally, 85.0% of the SAO remaining in the TPSE waste can be recovered through hydrodistillation (HD) within 30 min. The excellent performance in biomass and extraction solvent selection, solvent repurposing, and other factors contributed to a Path2Green score of 0.28 for this method, highlighting its suitability for the green recovery of nuciferine from lotus leaf.