Fit Of Two-factor Model Research Articles

Psychometric evaluations of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), based on nine samples

Objective The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Design and main outcome measures The LOT-R was administered in five clinical samples, three samples of the adult general population, and one sample of adolescents. Seven of the studies were performed in Germany and two in Colombia. All of the sample sizes were above 300. Results Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were between .57 and .75 for the eight adult samples, the correlations between the scales optimism and pessimism ranged from −.05 to −.37, and the coefficients of temporal stability (test-retest correlations) of the scales ranged from .43 to .69. There were no systematic age and gender effects observed in the nine studies. While the one-factor model of confirmatory factor analyses showed clearly insufficient fit indices among all of the samples, the two-factor model fit was markedly better. Conclusions The LOT-R proved to be a suitable instrument for measuring dispositional optimism in patients and in the general population, though the sum score should be viewed with caution. Studies comparing the LOT-R mean scores of different samples need not take age and gender distributions into account.

PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECTS (OPANA), BASED ON THE PANAS SCALES

The article aim is to describe the development and testing of the psychometric characteristics of OPANA (the Questionnaire on Positive and Negative Affects), based on the PANAS scales (Watson, Clark, and Tellegen, 1988). The sample of 777 participants was involved in the development and approbation of the questionnaire (age 17-72, 300 men, 477 women). The differences between the survey’s results of men and women, as well as differences depending on the methods of data collection (paper-and-pencil or online) were presented. The high internal reliability of the questionnaire scales (Cronbach alpha for the “during the past few weeks” instruction was 0.89 for positive affect (PA) and 0.88 for negative affect (NA) was confirmed. The test-retest reliability (N = 103 participants) was r = 0.7 for PA and r = 0.48 for NA. The exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the factor structure of the questionnaire: as a result, a three-factor structure of the questionnaire was determined. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the equivalence of the two-factor and three-factor models (the three-factor model fit indices were χ² / df = 2.94; RMSEA = 0.059; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; the two-factor model fit indices were χ² / df = 2.89; RMSEA = 0.058; CFI = 0.942; TLI = 0.93). Significant correlations of PA and NA scales with the scales of affect balance, satisfaction with life, dispositional optimism, psychological hardiness, as well as extraversion, openness to experience and emotional stability proved the construct validity of the questionnaire. OPANA can be used as a reliable and valid psychodiagnostic tool. The proposed list of descriptors makes it possible to distinguish between positive and negative affects, to analyze them according to the temporal context of an evaluation, to conduct longitudinal studies and to track the dynamics of changes. Because the research was conducted with a large group of participants, most of whom were students and representatives of different social groups, the obtained results can be only a starting point for exploring the possibilities of applying the Questionnaire in Ukrainian psychological science. The method should be probated with groups of different ages and with specific groups, for example, alcohol and drug addicts, people with deviant or delinquent behaviour, in order to clarify the normative data for the questionnaire. &nbsp

Development of a self-care program satisfaction questionnaire for cardiovascular patients in Iran.

Introduction: Evaluating patient satisfaction with self-care program can increase the likelihood of complying with treatment. There is no valid and reliable tool to be used in measuring Iranian patient’s satisfaction with self-care program. So, this study intends to develop the patient satisfaction questionnaire in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and test its validity and reliability in Iranian patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to develop and validate the patient satisfaction with self-care program questionnaire using structural modeling. A total of 155 cardiovascular patients referring to cardiovascular rehabilitation center in Isfahan were participated in this study. Construct and criterion validity, and test-retest reliability were used to validate the scale. Results: After reviewing literature and receiving expert’ comments for items pooling as well as conducting exploratory factor analysis, 10 statements in the model remained which are loaded on 2 factors. These 2 subscales explained about 63 percent of variance of all constructs. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged between 0.87 and 0.89 for the whole questionnaires and its subscales. Besides, scale had excellent stability (intraclass correlation = 0.86). Criterion validity analyzed through correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between the current scale and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ11). CFA revealed an acceptable overall fit for two-factor model. Conclusion: The scale integrated 10 items in two dimension including patient satisfaction with rehabilitation program and patient satisfaction with personnel of rehabilitation team. In total, most of the psychometric properties of the 10-item patient satisfaction with self-care program scale achieved the standard level and were sufficient to recommend for cardiac rehabilitation settings.

Measuring striving for understanding and learning value of geometry: a validity study

ABSTRACTThe current study aimed to construct a questionnaire that measures students’ personality traits related to striving for understanding and learning value of geometry and then examine its psychometric properties. Through the use of multiple methods on two independent samples of 402 and 521 middle school students, two studies were performed to address this issue to provide support for its validity. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis indicated the two-factor model. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis indicated the better fit of two-factor model compared to one or three-factor model. Convergent and discriminant validity evidence provided insight into the distinctiveness of the two factors. Subgroup validity evidence revealed gender differences for striving for understanding geometry trait favouring girls and grade level differences for learning value of geometry trait favouring the sixth- and seventh-grade students. Predictive validity evidence demonstrated that the striving for understanding geometry trait but not learning value of geometry trait was significantly correlated with prior mathematics achievement. In both studies, each factor and the entire questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability. In conclusion, the questionnaire was psychometrically sound.

Psychometric properties of Persian version of Composite Scale of Morningness.

Morningness-eveningness preference is commonly measured by questionnaires such as the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The purpose of this study is to assess the Persian translation of the CSM and explore its psychometric properties. Participants consisted of 288 students at the University of Bojnord, Iran. Of the participants selected, 47.6% were female, 52.4% were male, and all were aged between 18 and 24 (20.09±1.32). Participants were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The scale was translated into Persian using the parallel translation method. SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 were used for analyses. Mean CSM scores were 31.43±6.32 in a range of 14-50. Internal reliability, as measured by Cronbach's α, was 0.790, which fits well with previous studies undertaken in many countries. The factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure based on parallel analysis: one factor was labeled as "morning affect" and the other as "self-assessment/activity planning." Also, the confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model fit. Construct validity was also evaluated by the MEQ with the results showing that correlations were comparable to other studies (r=0.76). Results did not show any significant correlation between age (r=0.041; P=0.487) and the CSM scores. According to the results of the t-test, women and men were not significantly different in terms of the CSM scores (t=-0.264; P=0.792). The Persian version of the CSM is freely available and can be adopted for behavioral research related to sleep and circadian function and also applied to other Persian-speaking populations.

Psychometric Analysis of Role Conflict and Ambiguity Scales in Academia

A comprehensive Psychometric Analysis of Rizzo et al.’s (1970) Role Conflict & Ambiguity (RCA) scales were performed after its distribution among 600 academic staff working in six universities of Pakistan. The reliability analysis includes calculation of Cronbach Alpha Coefficients and Inter-Items statistics, whereas validity was determined by running Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. The reliability analysis revealed that RCA scales possessed sufficient internal consistencies, i.e. (??= 0.85 & r= 0.61). On the other side, Factor Analysis revealed that mean factor loadings for all items ranged up to 0.85, which resulted in three-factor model fit for role conflict and two-factor model fit for role ambiguity. The overall results confirm that RCA scales possess good psychometric properties, thus it could used for assessment of role conflict and ambiguity among academic staff in Pakistan.

Hope and Social Support in High School Students from Urban and Rural Areas of Ankara, Turkey

The aim of present study was to investigate the role of specific dimensions of perceived social support from family, gender, and geographic area of residence in predicting hope levels of high school students. Additionally, the factor structure of Turkish Version of the Hope Scale was reexamined due to controversial findings in Turkish literature. The sample was composed of 737 students (407 female, 330 male) from two high schools in rural and urban areas of Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected by administering the Hope Scale (Snyder et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 60:570–585, 1991), the Perceived Social Support from Family Questionnaire (Gungor 1996), and a demographic information form. The role of independent variables in prediction of hope was investigated via Multiple Regression Analysis. Due to presence of some suppressor variables in the full model, two separate regression analyses were conducted for rural and urban areas. In the regression analysis for rural area students, informational support was the only predictor of hope levels. On the other hand, urban area students’ hope levels were predicted by love- and esteem-related support, instrumental support, and gender. Lastly, the factor structure of Turkish Version of the Hope Scale was examined through conducting a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test how well two-factor model fit to current data. Results of the CFA indicated that two-factor model was confirmed.

Is Basic Memory Structure Invariant Across Epilepsy Patient Subgroups?

It is well known that epilepsy patients often exhibit material-specific deficits in memory for verbal versus nonverbal material. However, it is also apparent that such deficits are not always discernible, and that numerous factors may potentially moderate the degree to which fractionation between verbal and nonverbal material is evident. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we compared the relative fit of one-factor (general) and two-factor (material-specific) models of memory in data from 330 patients with intractable seizure disorder. Data from verbal and nonverbal selective reminding tests, as well as Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction (immediate and delayed recall indices), were used in analyses. The one-factor model fit the data poorly in the full sample, whereas the two-factor model fit the data significantly better. We then assessed the invariance of these two models using multiple-group modeling across subsamples of patients with left versus right sided seizure focus, earlier versus later age of seizure onset, lower versus higher Full Scale IQ, fewer versus more years of education, younger versus older patients, and male versus female patients. In all cases, the two-factor model comprised of verbal and nonverbal memory factors fit the data better than a one-factor (general) model. These findings indicate robust consistency of verbal and nonverbal memory constructs in the epilepsy population, which remain viable in this patient group despite considerable heterogeneity in other respects.