Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator Research Articles

High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

In this work, a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator based temperature sensor is investigated. The device consists of a hexagonal array of air holes surrounded by the base material of germanium (Ge). The sensing mechanism is based on the shifting of transmission peak with refractive index changes in Ge induced by variation of temperature. Simulation results are obtained using finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The photonic band gap is studied by plane wave expansion method (PWE). The sensor has high sensitivity of 270 pm/K and high quality factor of 2028.86 with` wide range of temperature detection between 300 K to 800 K. The size of the structure is 112.91 (µm)2 and appropriate for sensing applications in nanotechnology.

All-optical non-gate and NOR gate design of two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator

All-optical non-gate and NOR gate design of two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator

Design of High Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

In this effort, a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2DPCRR) is simulated. This device is developed for temperature detection in harsh environmental conditions for temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 360 °C with high sensitivity. The sensor based on 2DPCRR hexagonal array of silicon (Si) rods surrounded by air. The detection principle based on the variation of the refractive index of the Si due to a change in temperature which changes the position of the transmission peaks. A shift is created that will be used to calculate the sensitivity. The OptiFDTD algorithm was used to simulate the transmission of light for different temperatures. The photonic band gap (PBG) studied using the plane wave expansion method (PWE). The results are promising because the simulated sensor has a high sensitivity (92.3 pm/°C) compared to the literature for an ultra-compact size, weight and energy consumption which is suitable for nanotechnology.

Investigation of 2D-PC Ring Resonator-Based Demultiplexer for ITU-T G.694.1 WDM Systems

Abstract In this proposed work, we have designed two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2DPC-RR)-based eight-channel demultiplexer for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The performance parameters of the proposed demultiplexer such as resonant wavelength, spectral width, quality factor, channel spacing and crosstalk are investigated. The demultiplexer consists of bus waveguide, quasi-square RR and L bend waveguides. Each quasi-square RR has eight-shaped microcavity with different refractive index, which plays an active role for channel selection. The plane wave expansion method is used to generate the modes and photonic band gap of the demultiplexer. The finite difference time domain method is employed to analysis the field distribution and normalized transmission of the proposed demultiplexer. The transmission efficiency, Q factor, spectral width and channel spacing of the demultiplexer are about 98 %, 2,022, 0.8 nm and 1.1 nm, respectively. The aforementioned results are meeting the requirements of the ITU-T G. 694.1 DWDM systems.

Tunable High Performance 16-Channel Demultiplexer on 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator Operating at Telecom Wavelengths

AbstractHere, we proposed a high performance 16-channel optical demultiplexer using two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator for telecommunication systems. By plane wave expansion (PWE) method the photonic band gap (PBG) of proposed structure calculated. Then, with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method the performance parameters of designed two-dimensional photonic crystal demultiplexer are analyzed. It is found that the channel wavelength of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is truly tuned by changing the structure parameters of the demultiplexer and position of rod. Output peaks located in the optical communication C-band and L-band with the transmission efficiency of 99 %. The demultiplexer exhibits high-quality factor of 5176, and spectral width of 0.3. Very low crosstalk values are between −19 dB and −90 dB where, device only occupies an area of 1708.65 µm2. The proposed compact 16-channel demultiplexer can find more applications for the ultra-compact WDM systems in highly integrated telecommunication circuits.

Two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator-based channel drop filter for CWDM application

In this paper, a channel drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) is proposed. The proposed structure consists of bus waveguide, dropping waveguide and a ring resonator. We have focused on improving the dropping efficiency and quality factor of the structure by applying different optimization techniques. Optimized channel drop filter using PCRR is designed, and it is extended to drop three different channels by changing the inner rods radius in each ring resonator that act as a demultiplexer. As designed structure drops three different channels such as 1524, 1544 and 1565 nm, the band gap for the structure is calculated and observed by plane-wave expansion method. The normalized transmission spectra and resonance wavelengths for different radius are obtained using two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The proposed PCRR-based demultiplexer has the channel spacing of about 20 nm which fulfils the requirements of coarse wavelength-division multiplexing systems. The size of the demultiplexer is small; hence, it can be utilized for photonic integrated circuits.

Photonic crystal based biosensor for the detection of glucose concentration in urine

Photonic sensing technology is a new and accurate measurement technology for bio-sensing applications. In this paper, a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator based sensor is proposed and designed to detect the glucose concentration in urine over the range of 0 gm/dl-15 gm/dl. The proposed sensor is consisted of two inverted “L” waveguides and a ring resonator. If the glucose concentration in urine is varied, the refractive index of the urine is varied, which in turn the output response of sensor will be varied. By having the aforementioned principle, the glucose concentration in urine, glucose concentration in blood, albumin, urea, and bilirubin concentration in urine are predicted. The size of the proposed sensor is about 11.4 µm×11.4 µm, and the sensor can predict the result very accurately without any delay, hence, this attempt could be implemented for medical applications.

Performance improvement of wavelength division multiplexing based on photonic crystal ring resonator

In this paper, an ultra-narrow band channel drop filter (CDF) based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2D PCRR) with hexagonal lattice of silicon rods is proposed and designed. For this purpose, the influences of variation of the radius of the quad rods on corners of X-shaped PCRR, on the performance characteristics of channel drop filter such as drop efficiency, and quality factor have been investigated. Calculation results show that the efficiency of 100% and quality factor of nearly 1500 at operating wavelength of 1550nm can be achieved. Consequently the channel bandwidth and channel spacing are reduced to 1nm and 10nm respectively, which will be suitable for coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) optical network systems with 10nm channel spacing. Simulations have been performed using 2D finite difference time-domain (2D FDTD) calculations.

Proposal for a New Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Filter Based on Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

A new optical filter design based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator structure with an N-channel model is proposed in this article. This study also shows that modifying the scatter radius and the waveguide width can significantly improve the performance of the original structure, which can solve the mode mismatch problem for output waveguide. Here, an example of a 16-channel photonic crystal ring resonator is provided; wavelength spacing of 1.6 nm and a high quality factor Q of 6,000 were achieved. The optical filter would be a potential key component in the application of dense wavelength division multiplexer devices.

A new optical add–drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator

In this paper, a new optical add–drop filter (OADF) based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2D PCRR) is proposed. The filter is designed in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PCs) with triangular lattice of silicon rods in air. Using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique, 100% forward dropping efficiency can be achieved at maximum transfer efficiency while the operating wavelength is 1550nm. Moreover, the effects of changing the dielectric constant of whole rods and coupling rods of the structure as well as radius of whole rods and coupling rods are discussed. The overall size of the structure is 10.9μm×10.3μm. The proposed device could be used as an optical add–drop filter (OADF) and has the ability to be highly suitable for integration.

Photonic crystal ring resonator based add-drop filter using hexagonal rods for CWDM systems

In this paper, theoretical analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator (2D PCRR) based add-drop filter (ADF) is presented for coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) system to drop a channel at 1511 nm using hexagonal rods that are positioned in the square lattice. The 2D finite difference time domain (2D FDTD) method and plane wave expansion (PWE) method are used for obtaining the filter response and band structure of the filter respectively. Close to 100% dropping and coupling efficiencies at 1511 nm and 16 nm of bandwidth are observed through simulation. This is very well meeting the requirement of ITU-T G. 694.2 standard, which is specified for metro access and short haul optical networks. The overall size of the proposed filter is 11.4 μm ×11.4 μm. It can also be used in integrated optics.

A photonic crystal ring resonator formed by SOI nano-rods

The design, fabrication and measurement of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator are demonstrated in this study. The structure of the photonic crystal is comprised of silicon nano-rods arranged in a hexagonal lattice on an SOI wafer. The photonic crystal ring resonator allows for the simultaneous separation of light at wavelengths of 1.31 and 1.55mum. The device is fabricated by e-beam lithography. The measurement results confirm that a 1.31mum/1.55mum wavelength ring resonator filter with a nano-rod photonic crystal structure can be realized.