Twin-row Planting Pattern Research Articles

Effect of plant density on total oil quality and fatty acid compositions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars

Research in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Region of Türkiye has demonstrated that plant density impact yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars differentially. It is suspected that interactions of plant density and cultivar could also impact oil quality and fatty acid composition when grown in this region. This topic has not been addressed in the country; therefore, the objective of this research was to determine if plant density can affect those variables. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the zone of Osmaniye to determine total oil content of kernels, and contents of oleic acid, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and lignoceric acid, as well as iodine value and oleic/linoleic ratio for the cultivars Halisbey, Rigel, Aysehanım, NC 7, and Masal. Plant response was in most instances different regardless of plant populations made up of a single row planting pattern with rows spaced 70 cm apart (95.000 plants ha-1) compared with a twin row planting pattern with rows spaced 20 cm apart on 90 cm centers with an intra-row distance of 15 cm (148.000 plants ha-1). It is concluded that no differences in oil quality and fatty acid composition were noted when comparing cultivars established at various combinations of planting pattern and plant population, but there were notable differences among the cultivars.

Effect of planting pattern and herbicide programs on sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) control in peanut

Abstract Sicklepod is one of the most difficult to control weeds in peanut production in the southeastern United States due to its extended emergence pattern and limited effective herbicides for control. Growers rely on preemergence herbicides as the foundation of their weed control programs; however, postemergence herbicides are often needed for season-long weed control. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of planting pattern and herbicide combinations for sicklepod control in peanut crops. Due to rapid canopy closure, twin-row planting improved late-season sicklepod control by 13% and peanut yield by 5% compared with a single-row pattern. A preemergence application of fluridone, flumioxazin, or fluridone + flumioxazin provided 76% to 89% control of sicklepod 28 d after preemergence. Regardless of the herbicide applied preemergence, paraquat + bentazon + S-metolachlor applied early postemergence was required to achieve ≥90% sicklepod control 28 d after early postemergence. All preemergence herbicide treatments followed by (fb) S-metolachlor or diclosulam + S-metolachlor applied early postemergence provided <90% control 28 d after early postemergence. A mid-postemergence application of imazapic + dimethenamid-P + 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod by 67% to 79% prior to peanut harvest, and biomass reduction was unacceptable (<80%), resulting in difficulty in peanut digging. The highest peanut yield was observed when paraquat + bentazon + S-metolachlor was applied early postemergence fb imazapic + dimethenamid-P + 2,4-DB applied mid-postemergence. Based on the results of this study, a herbicide combination of paraquat + bentazon + S-metolachlor is an important early-season tool for controlling sicklepod in peanut crops. The results also showed that a twin-row planting pattern improved late-season sicklepod control but did not reduce herbicide input to protect peanut yield.

Influence of planting pattern on peanut ecosystem daytime net carbon uptake, evapotranspiration, and water-use efficiency using the eddy-covariance method

Peanut is planted in a pattern of either single or twin rows in Georgia, USA. However, limited attention has been paid to the impact of planting pattern on the carbon footprint and how the net carbon uptake is intertwined with the amount of water used to determine the ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) in peanut. This paper reports on the relationship between the amount of carbon produced to the amount of water used in peanut, carbon dioxide flux, and crop evapotranspiration of peanut in a single- or in a twin-row planting pattern measured using the eddy-covariance method. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is unique in that it examines for the first time the effect of planting pattern on the net carbon uptake and WUE. The two-year study took place in contrasting weather conditions with the 2016 year experiencing a higher vapor pressure deficit and lower precipitation than in the 2018 year. In this study, field-scale daytime net carbon ecosystem exchange (CO2 fluxes), ET and WUE of single- and twin-row peanut were compared using the eddy-covariance technique. Results showed that in 2018, both the net carbon uptake from the atmosphere and the WUE of twin-row peanut were significantly greater than those in the single-row peanut by 7-10% and ~9% respectively, for pod filling and seed maturity growth stages (aGDD 1000-2000 and aGDD > 2000). In 2016, the net daytime carbon uptake and WUE of peanut were similar for both planting patterns during pod filling (aGDD 1000-2000). Higher precipitation and lower VPD in 2018 likely resulted in greater peanut yield in twin-row as compared to single-row with abundant precipitation. Owing to the fast canopy growth rate in twin-row peanut, results suggest that during the vegetative stage (aGDD<500) in 2016, both daytime net carbon uptake from the atmosphere and WUE were considerably greater in twin-row than single-row by 32% and 27%, respectively. Given that in both years, the ET from both planting patterns was similar, it appears that the determination of WUE in both planting patterns was more impacted by changes in daytime net carbon uptake than evapotranspiration. The results of this study suggest the possibility that the higher WUE at the critical stages of twin-row peanut in 2018 are likely to lead to greater yield than single-row peanut. This should be confirmed with further year-to-year investigations.

EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) CULTIVARS

Plant density can have a major impact on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield. Information is limited in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Region of Turkiye on growth, development, and yield of peanut cultivars based on plant density. To address this limitation, the cultivars Aysehanim, Rigel, Halisbey, Masal, and NC 7 were established in a single row planting pattern consisting of rows spaced 70 cm apart with an inter-row plant distance of 15 cm (95.000 plants ha-1) versus a twin row planting pattern consisting of rows spaced 20 cm apart on 90 cm centers with an intra-row distance of 15 cm (148.000 plants ha-1). The interaction of cultivar × plant density was significant for most variables. Irrespective of cultivar, establishing a plant population of 148.000 plants ha-1 in the twin row planting pattern resulted in greater pod yield than the single row planting pattern with a plant density of 95.000 plants ha-1. Pod yield was similar for Rigel, Masal, and NC 7 in the twin row planting pattern and exceeded that of Aysehanim and Halisbey. Conversely, yield of Rigel and Halisbey was similar in the single row pattern and exceeded yield of Aysehanim and NC 7.

Değişik Bitki Sıklıklarının Tek ve Çift Sıralı Ekimlerde Hibrit Mısırın (Zea Mays L.), Büyüme ve Verim Özelliklerine Etkisi

This research was conducted to compare single and twin-row planting patterns and to determine optimum plant density for hybrid maize varieties (DKC5364, P0573), grown in Western Blacksee conditions of Türkiye, in the main crop growing season in 2020. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with three replications. Hybrid maize varieties were in the main plots, planting patterns (single row (70 cm) and twin row (70-20cm) were in the split plots and plant densities of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 plants/m2 were in the split- split plots. In the current study, plant height, first ear height, stem diameter, ears number per plant, ear length, ear diameter, and ear weigth were examined. Effects of varieties, planting patterns and plant densities on plant heights, first ear heights, ears numbers per plants and ear weigths were statistically significant. Higher values were observed at DKC5364 maize variety than P0573 variety for examined characteristics. The most suitable plant densities were determined as 11 plants/m2 for grain production and 12 plants/m2 for silage production in twin row plantig in Western Blacksee conditions of Türkiye

Influence of Plant Population and Harvest Date on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield and Aflatoxin Contamination

ABSTRACT Research was conducted in Malawi at Mpatsanjoka farm in Salima district during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing cycles to determine interactions of plant population and harvest date on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and aflatoxin concentration in peanut at harvest with the cultivar CG7. Peanut was seeded in raised beds spaced 75-cm apart with three different planting patterns to establish three final plant populations. A single row planting pattern consisted of one row of peanut on each center with seed spaced 15-cm apart was used to plant 89,000 seed/ha (low plant seeding rate). A twin row planting pattern included two rows of peanut spaced at 25 cm apart with 15 cm between seeds was used to plant 178,000 seed/ha (medium plant population). A triple row planting pattern consisted of three rows of peanut spaced 25 cm apart with 7 cm between seeds was used to plant 278,000 seed/ha (high density). Peanut was dug 10 days before physiological maturity, at physiological maturity, and at both 4 wk, and 6 wk after physiological maturity. Pod yield increased as seeding rate and subsequent plant population increased but decreased as harvesting was delayed past physiological maturity. Yield of peanut with the highest plant population exceeded that of low and medium populations; yield of the medium plant population was greater than the low population in one of two years. Aflatoxin concentration at harvest was not affected by plant population but increased as harvest was delayed past physiological maturity. Harvesting peanut 10 d prior to physiological maturity did not affect yield or aflatoxin contamination compared with harvesting at optimum maturity.

Forage yield responses of some maize genotypes at high plant densities in twin row planting pattern

Aims: This research was carried out in order to guide farmers and researchers by determining the effect of high plant densities on forage yield of some silage maize genotypes in twin row planting pattern in Eastern Mediterranean ecological conditions.Methods and Results: In this study, we evaluated the responses of three silage maize genotypes (DKC 6589, Cadiz and Bolson) to high plant densities (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 plant m-2) in twin row planting pattern (50:20 cm). Research results showed that forage and hay yields tended to increase with increasing plant densities up to 14 plants m-2, but decreased in 15 plants m-2 density. The maximum yields were obtained at 14 plants m-2 in twin row planting pattern. It was determined that the yields of DKC 6589 and Cadiz genotypes were higher than Bolson. It was concluded that with the combination of appropriate genotype and plant density, silage yield can be obtained over 7 tons per hectare.Conclusions: Due to the improvement of new maize genotypes continually, it is important to determine the responses of new varieties to agronomic practices. It is important to determine suitable plant densities in twin row planting pattern, which is an alternative practices in maize farming. The results of this study indicated that silage maize can be planted in high densities in twin row planting pattern according to the traditional 70 cm single row planting method and the 14 plants m-2 density was the most suitable planting density in twin row planting pattern.Significance and Impact of the Study: The study revealed the effect of high plant densities in twin row planting, which is an alternative approach in silage maize production, and has revealed practical data for the Mediterranean climate zone. Also, research results reveal important source data for farmers and researchers about silage maize farming whose production area is constantly increasing.

THE EFFECT OF TWIN ROW PLANTING PATTERN AND PLANT POPULATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) AT MAIN CROP PLANTING IN CUKUROVA REGION OF TURKEY

This study was conducted at the Cukurova University research farm as a main crop in 2013 and 2014 in Adana, Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of twin row planting pattern and plant densities on yield and yield components of peanut. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Halisbey (Virginia type) variety was used as a plant material in this research. The planting pattern was used as twin-row and conventional single-row. The row spacing was 70 x 25 x 70 cm, 75 x 25 x 75 cm and 80 x 25 x 80 cm for twin-row planting pattern and 70 cm for single-row pattern. Intra-row spacing of 10, 15 and 20 cm was arranged for different plants population. According to a two-year average, the highest pods yield (7833.6 kg ha-1 ) was obtained from 70 x 25 x 70 x 10 cm (21.05 plants m-1 ) twin-row planting pattern while the yield was 6688.8 kg ha-1 in single-row planting pattern as 70 x 15 cm (9.43 plants m-1 ). The yield increase was 17.86% in 70x25x70x10, 16.70% in 75x25x75x10 and 15.79% in 80x25x80x10 twin-row pattern, compared with traditional single-row planting pattern.

Influence of Planting Pattern on Pest Management in Virginia Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

ABSTRACT Twelve field trials were completed in North Carolina from 2005 to 2007 to determine the impact of planting pattern on peanut yield, market grade characteristics, and pest reaction for the Virginia market type cultivars Perry and VA 98R. The first set of experiments was designed to evaluate incidence of Cylindrocladium black rot (caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum) using a factorial treatment arrangement of two cultivars, two levels of fumigation (none or metam sodium at 112 L/ha), and two levels of planting pattern (single rows spaced 91-cm apart or twin rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91-cm centers). Visible symptoms associated with Cylindrocladium black rot were not affected by planting pattern. However, in 1 of 3 trials pod scarring as a result of feeding by southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) was greater in twin rows compared with single rows. Damage from tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) was also higher in the cultivar VA 98R planted in twin rows than in single rows or for the cultivar Perry. In the second set of experiments designed to evaluate incidence of Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor), a factorial treatment arrangement consisting of two cultivars, two levels of boscalid (none or boscalid at 0.44 kg ai/ha), and two levels of planting pattern was implemented. Boscalid decreased Sclerotinia blight incidence at one of 4 locations, and increased pod yield. Yield of Perry was lower when grown in twin rows versus single rows, but yield of VA 98R was higher in twin rows. Peanut planted in twin rows yielded more than peanut planted in single rows regardless of cultivar, fumigation, or disease history in most trials. Results from these experiments suggest that planting pattern can have a minor impact on response to pests and that yield and market grades are often improved when peanut is planted in twin-row planting patterns compared with single rows.

THE EFFECTS OF TWIN-ROW PLANTING PATTERN AND PLANT POPULATION ON SEED YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOYBEAN AT LATE DOUBLE-CROPPED PLANTING IN CUKUROVA REGION

This study was conducted at the experimental area of Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University in 2013 and 2014. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of planting pattern and plant population on seed yield and yield components of soybean at late double-cropped (after 15th of July) planting in Cukurova region, Turkey. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The Atakisi (maturity group III) variety was used as a plant material in this research. The planting pattern was used as twin-row and conventional single-row. The row spacing was 70 x 25 x 70 cm, 75 x 25 x 75 cm and 80 x 25 x 80 cm for twin-row and 70 cm for single-row pattern. Intra-row spacing of 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm was arranged for different plants population. In this research, the plant populations varied between 31.6 and 69.9 plants m-2. According to a two-year average, the highest seed yield (4906 kg ha-1) was obtained from 80 x 25 x 80 x 3 cm (63.2 plants m-1) twin-row planting pattern while the yield was 3940 kg ha-1 in single-row planting pattern as 70 x 4 cm (35.7 plants m-1). The yield increase was 24.5% more than conventional single-row planting pattern (standard). Key words: Double-cropped, Plant population, Planting pattern, Soybean, Twin-row

Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Response to Planting Pattern and Herbicide Program with High Seeding Rates in North Carolina

Effective weed control in corn (Zea maysL.) is important to optimize yield. Concern over environmental impact of atrazine and selection for glyphosate resistance has increased the need to develop alternative strategies that use herbicides other than atrazine and glyphosate and appropriate cultural practices to control weeds. Research was conducted during 2011 and 2012 to determine weed and corn response to herbicide programs containing dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate applied postemergence alone or with atrazine in single- and twin-row planting patterns. Planting pattern had no effect on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) and Texas panicum (Panicum texanumL.) population and did not interact with herbicide program. Effective weed control hastened maturity in some but not all instances. Under weed-free conditions, corn grain yield was higher in 5 of 7 trials when planted in twin rows versus single rows at equivalent corn populations (141,000 plants ha−1). These results suggest that while planting pattern may not impact weed control dramatically, planting corn in twin rows may be an effective alternative to single-row planting patterns because of increased yield under high corn populations.

Interaction of Cultivar, Planting Pattern, and Weed Management Tactics in Peanut

Planting peanut in narrow rows for weed control has not been investigated in recently released Virginia market peanut cultivars. Research was conducted in North Carolina from 2007 to 2009 to determine the effect of cultivar, planting pattern, and level of weed management inputs on weed control, peanut yield, and estimated economic return. Experiments consisted of three levels of weed management (clethodim applied POST, cultivation and hand-removal of weeds, and clethodim and appropriate broadleaf herbicides applied POST), three levels of planting pattern (single rows spaced 91 cm apart, standard twin rows spaced 20 cm apart on 91-cm centers, and narrow twin rows consisting of twin rows spaced 20 cm apart on 46-cm centers), and two Virginia cultivars (‘NC 12C’ and ‘VA 98R’). Weed management affected common lambsquarters, common ragweed, eclipta, nodding spurge, pitted morningglory, Texas millet, and yellow nutsedge control, irrespective of cultivar or planting pattern. Cultivar and planting pattern had only minor effects on weed control and interactions of these treatment factors seldom occurred. Weed control achieved with cultivation plus hand-removal was similar to weed management observed with grass and broadleaf herbicide programs. Pod yield did not differ among treatments when broadleaf weeds were the dominant species but did differ when Texas millet was the most prevalent weed. The highest yield with conventional herbicide weed management was in standard twin and narrow twin row planting patterns, although no differences among planting patterns were noted when cultivation and hand-removal were the primary weed management tactics. Differences in estimated economic return were associated with weed species, and interactions of treatment factors varied by year for that parameter.

Weed Management in Single- vs. Twin-Row Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Research was conducted to determine the effect of planting pattern, plant density, and levels of weed management intensity on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), weed control, and cotton lint yield in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Twin-row planting pattern canopy IPAR was 55% 7 wk after emergence (WAE) and 76% 9 WAE compared to 48% for single-row planting pattern 7 WAE and 59% 9 WAE. Regardless of cotton density, row spacing, or weed management intensity, control of browntop millet and Florida beggarweed was at least 88% 18 WAE. Benghal dayflower, sicklepod, and smallflower morningglory control was greater in twin-rows compared to single-rows at a cotton density of 7 plants m−2. Control of Benghal dayflower and sicklepod increased when cotton density increased at low weed management intensities; however, cotton density had no effect on weed control at higher levels of weed management input. At a cotton plant density of 7 plants m−2, twin-row cotton yielded 220 kg ha−1more than the single-row planting pattern. Data indicates twin-row cotton production is feasible and that control of various weeds was better in twin-row than single-row pattern at lower cotton density and weed management intensity.

Forage yield and quality of intercropped corn and soybean in narrow strips

Maize-soybean intercropping can increase forage quality with no detrimental effect on dry matter (DM) yield. The objective of this study was to compare corn-soybean intercrop in narrow strips with corn as monocrop in terms of DM yield and forage quality. This study was conducted in Matamoros, Coahuila (Mexico) in 2006 and 2007. Intercrops were established in rows spaced 0.50 m apart, evaluating alternate corn-soybean strips with one, two, three, and four rows per crop, and a treatment using an alternate twin-row planting pattern per crop, with a 1.0-m row-spacing. As control treatments, monocrops of corn in rows 0.76 m apart and soybean in rows 0.50 m apart were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed. Corn-soybean intercrop produced DM yields similar to those of monocropped corn due to higher corn yields in border rows adjacent to soybean. Crude protein (CP) yields per hectare in intercrop treatments were higher (27.5 to 42.8%) than those of monocropped corn, due to greater CP concentrations in intercrops (16 to 21 g kg–1). When soybean was harvested at the beginning maturity stage (R7), neutral detergent fiber concentration was reduced by 60 to 63 g kg–1 in corn-soybean intercropping compared to corn monocrop. Acid detergent fiber was not altered by intercropping. Results indicate that maize-soybean intercrop in narrow strips can provide forage quality advantages without affecting yield.

Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

Field studies were conducted from 2000 to 2002 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut yield when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturer (1×) and reduced (1/2×) rates in single and twin-row planting patterns. In 2001, both diclosulam and imazapic applied to the twin-row pattern at the full and reduced rate provided better yellow nutsedge control than herbicide applications to the single-row spacing. Because of excessive rainfall in 2002, yellow nutsedge control was considerably reduced with all treatments. Imazapic at the full rate (71 g/ha) controlled yellow nutsedge 80 to 96% in the twin-row pattern, and 79 to 86% in single-row spacings. Yellow nutsedge control was less than 65% when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the reduced rate. The twin-row configuration yielded higher than the single-row pattern when averaged across herbicides in 1 yr. All herbicide treatments enhanced yield relative to the nontreated control, except the reduced rate of imazapic in 2002. This study revealed that to fully maximize yellow nutsedge control, the full rate of either imazapic or diclosulam should be applied to peanuts planted in a single or twin-row spacing. However, these treatments may not necessarily increase peanut yields.

Twin or narrow-row planting patterns versus conventional planting in forage maize production in the Eastern Mediterranean

Producing forage maize (Zea mays L.) in twin-row planting pattern has been attempted in past years. This research was performed to determine effects of planting patterns and densities on yields of forage maize hybrids. We also examined other plant characteristics associated with forage yield under second crop conditions in Hatay, East Mediterranean region of Turkey, during 2003 and 2004. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a split-split-plot arrangement with three replications. The planting patterns of twin row (55:20 cm), conventional row (75 cm) and narrow row (50 cm) were main plots, the plant densities (80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha −1) were split-plots, and the hybrids (PR-1550, MAVERIK and DK-585) were split-split plots. Forage and dry matter yields were significantly affected by planting patterns, plant densities and maize hybrids. Our results revealed the advantage of twin-row planting pattern over conventional and narrow row plantings at all plant densities. Twin row planting out-yielded conventional row (16% more forage and 10.2% more dry matter yield) and narrow-row (7.9% more forage and 5.9% more dry matter yield) plantings. Twin-row planting pattern may be a profitable production technique for forage maize producers.

Peanut Response to Inoculation and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Experiments were conducted from 2000 through 2003 in North Carolina to compare peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium In one study that included 20 experiments, peanut pod yield was compared following no inoculation or inoculation with commercial granular or liquid in‐furrow products. In six of these experiments, inoculant was also applied to the seed before planting. In six other experiments within this study, pod yield of inoculated and noninoculated peanut was determined following surface applications of N approximately 40 d after planting. In a second study, peanut pod yield was compared in twin row planting patterns (two rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91‐cm centers) when inoculant was applied in‐furrow to one of the twin rows or to both of the twin rows. In a third study, interactions of in‐furrow inoculation and fumigation with metam sodium were compared. Peanut pod yield was higher following inoculation in 7 of 20 experiments. In six of the seven experiments where a yield response to inoculation was observed, peanut had not been planted previously in these fields. In experiments where peanut responded positively to inoculant, pod yield was higher when inoculant was applied in the seed furrow rather than to seed before planting. Nitrogen increased pod yield linearly in three of six experiments (p ≤ 0.05). Inoculating both rows of peanut seeded in twin row patterns yielded higher in two of four experiments than when one of the twin rows was inoculated or when inoculant was not included. Fumigation with metam sodium did not affect pod yield, regardless of inoculation treatment.

Peanut Response to Planting Pattern, Row Spacing, and Irrigation

Experiments were conducted from 1999 through 2002 in North Carolina to compare interactions of planting pattern, plant population, and irrigation on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and market grade characteristics. In additional experiments, pod yield and severity of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus associated with the cultivars NC‐V 11, NC 12C, VA 98R, and Perry were compared in single row (rows spaced 91 cm apart) and standard twin row (two rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91‐cm centers) planting patterns when peanut was dug and vines inverted on two digging dates spaced 10 to 16 d apart. In a third set of experiments, pod yield, market grade characteristics, and severity of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus were compared when the cultivars NC‐V 11 and Perry were planted in single row, standard twin row, and narrow twin row (two rows spaced 18 cm apart on 46‐cm centers) planting patterns. Peanut pod yield was higher in standard twin row planting patterns than when grown in single row planting patterns in some but not all experiments. Planting peanut in the narrow twin row pattern did not increase peanut pod yield over the standard twin row planting pattern. Less tomato spotted wilt was observed in standard or narrow twin row planting patterns compared with single row planting patterns. Planting peanut in single rows spaced 46 cm apart did not improve yield over peanut planted in single rows spaced 91 cm apart or the standard twin row planting pattern, regardless of irrigation treatment.

Sicklepod Control in Peanut Seeded in Single and Twin Row Planting Patterns

Abstract Sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby] control and peanut pod yield with preemergence applications of dimethenamid and dimethenamid plus diclosulam alone or followed by postemergence application of imazapic were compared when peanut was seeded in single and twin row planting patterns. Sicklepod control was 9% higher when peanut was seeded in the twin row planting pattern (rows spaced 18 cm apart on 91-cm centers) compared with peanut planted in the single row planting pattern (single rows on 91-cm centers) regardless of preemergence or postemergence herbicide treatment. Sicklepod control by dimethenamid plus diclosulam exceeded control by dimethenamid alone in 1 of 2 yr. Imazapic applied postemergence consistently increased sicklepod control over dimethenamid or dimethenamid plus diclosulam alone. Pod yield generally reflected differences noted for sicklepod control when comparing planting patterns and treatments.