Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Research Articles

Fatigue failure prediction through Factor of Safety and Stress concentration in a malfunctioned AISI 4140 Automotive Crankshaft

Abstract The performance and safety of any vehicle relies on proper design of crankshaft. Crankshaft failure occurs mainly due to the combination of imbalance and minor deflections when the materials is subjected to combined bending and twisting. Failure analysis is crucial to identify the causes and modes of failure, in order to improve the service life of automotive crankshafts and prevent accidents. This research analyses the root cause of failure by testing a failed crankshaft of a twin cylinder diesel engine used in mini commercial vehicle runs around 80000 km. The important research gap identified as that there is no fool-proof techniques and validation procedures are followed in the service stations during its life cycle period. This investigation of a failed crankshaft provides detailed composition of material, its micro structure and mechanical properties. Further, rotary analysis, experimental modal analysis and mechanical testing of materials are helpful in characterizing proper materials to be selected and analyzing the root cause of failure. The experimental setup helps to test a crankshaft and its specimen as per ASTM testing procedures and the results are correlated with numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The objective of this investigation is to provide insights through failure analysis to the designers and manufacturers, thereby improve the reliability and safety of automotive crankshafts, ensure safe operation of the vehicle, and eventually minimize financial losses.

Exploring the effects of pilot injection timing and natural gas flow rates on the performance of twin-cylinder compression ignition engine

ABSTRACT Alternative fuels offer various advantages over traditional fossil fuels, including the fact that they are recyclable, sustainable, Contribute to energy independence, and reduce emissions. Renewable fuels such as Compressed natural gas and biodiesel were used in this study. Natural gas is an appealing and appealing fuel because of its vast availability, low Cost, and Clean-burning qualities. The use of biodiesel, namely mustard oil biodiesel, aids in making it Cleaner and more Cost-effective. The present study aims to reduce tailpipe emissions from diesel engines using dual-fuel Combustion, which employs a Combination of fossil and renewable fuels. An experimental analysis was Carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and tailpipe emissions of a twin-cylinder diesel engine fueled by pilot Mustard oil biodiesel (MOB) and CNG, with variations in the rate of CNG flow and time of pilot injection. According to the findings, advanced pilot injection timing (PIT) at 24°CA bTDC (degree Crank angle before top dead Center) and using a lower rate of CNG flow (0.2 kg/h) resulted in the highest brake thermal efficiency (31.21%), while brake specific fuel Consumption decreased by nearly 10% at this setting. Increasing pilot fuel injection to 24°CA bTDC and maintaining a modest rate of CNG flow at 0.2 kg/h in a dual-fuel model decreased NOx emissions by 26% when Compared to diesel alone mode, but resulted in a minor rise in CO emissions. The Current study may aid in the Conversion of a significant number of small to mid-segment diesel engines used in irrigation and the industrial sector in the Indian subcontinent. The study helps in minimizing NOx emissions while also lowering import fossil fuel Costs.

Numerical and experimental evaluation on the pooled effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel/diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation in a twin-cylinder diesel engine

Nowadays, worldwide, many countries are engaged in reducing the vehicular exhaust emissions from diesel engines as diesel engines are the main source of power in various transport applications. Biofuels obtained from various feedstocks serve as a better alternative fuel in CI engines because of its emission reducing capabilities. The major drawback in the usage of biofuels in CI engine is the rise in the formation of nitrogen oxides which would be harmful to human health. WCO biofuel was processed using trans-esterification technique and the contents available were analyzed using gas chromatography mass .spectroscopy (GCMS). Four different blends, namly B100, B60, B40, and B20 were made. The physio-chemical properties of the prepared test fuels were identified using ASTM standards. The investigation on the characterisation of performance, combustion, sound and emission of the test engine was done. Fuel combustion modeling was done using ANSYS Fluent for diesel, WCO biofuel and best suited blend obtained from experimental results. From both the simulated and the experimental results, it was found that B20 blend fuel would be best suited to the test engine with a maximum reduction of 17% in unburned hydrocarbon (HC), 30% in carbonmonooxide (CO), 14.08% in smoke, 7.35% in carbondioxide (CO2) and 16.46% increase in NOx emission respectively. With an intention to reduce NOx emission in the selected B20 blend fuel, EGR at three rates, namely (5%, 10%, and 15%) were utilized. Again, the experiments were conducted with varying EGR rates for B20 blend fuel. A good percentage of reduction in NOx was obtained with increase in EGR rates. But other emissions like CO, HC, smoke, and CO2 emissions were found to increase with rise in EGR rates. Thus, a comparison was made with three rates of EGR emission values with all types of test fuels to optimize the EGR rate leading into the inlet charge. 10% EGR rate gave a maximum reduction of 16.34% in NOx emission without affecting much in the emissions like HC, CO, Smoke, and CO2 along with a small drop in performance.

Performance and emission characteristics of twin cylinder diesel engine fueled with mahua biodiesel and DEE

An experimental investigation has been carried out to evaluate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a twin-cylinder diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (MOME)/diesel blends. The physicochemical properties of blended fuels were compared with baseline diesel as per the ASTM standard. Major challenges with mahua biodiesel are reduced thermal efficiency and a higher rate of oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions hence to resolve this issue Di-ethyl ether (DEE) which has a higher cetane index, as well as lesser auto-ignition temperature, was mixed further with 20% mahua biodiesel/80% diesel blend(B-20) to improve the combustion characteristics of the blend. Initially, the engine was operated on the different blend proportion (5 to 20%) of mahua biodiesel mixed with neat diesel. The highest brake thermal efficiency was observed for AD-20(B-20+20%DEE) blend viz., around 30% at full load and 3% higher than neat diesel. Brake specific fuel consumption for the same blend was observed to be minimum viz., 12.16% reduction than neat diesel owing to improved ignition quality of the MOME blend causing complete combustion with the addition of DEE. Furthermore, the exhaust emissions such as smoke, NOx, unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) were alleviated significantly by 55%, 7%, 35%, and 53%, respectively in comparison to normal diesel for AD-20 blend at maximum load. Hence, it can be concluded that MOME/diesel blend (B-20) mixed with 20% DEE gives the best result among all tested fuels.

Effect of electromagnet-based fuel-reforming system on high-viscous and low-viscous biofuel fueled in heavy-duty CI engine

In the present study, a high-viscous biofuel, namely wheat germ oil (WGO), and a low-viscous biofuel, namely pine oil (PO), are used in a twin-cylinder diesel engine. The fuel ionization filter is fitted with a permanent magnet, an electromagnet, and the combination of permanent magnet and electromagnet, and their effect on the engine performance, emission, and combustion is studied. A fuel ionization filter placed in the fuel line, before the injection pump, ionizes the fuel molecules and increases the rate of disintegration of droplets due to a decrease in viscosity and surface tension. The tests are performed at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with loads varying from no load to full load at intervals of 25%. As compared to diesel, the engine operation with ionization filter increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced the fuel consumption for both PO and WGO. The increase in brake thermal efficiency is in the order: permanent magnet, electromagnet, and combination of electromagnet and permanent magnet. The magnetic field strength of electromagnet is higher than permanent magnet which tends to increase the ionization of the fuel. When both the magnets are combined, the magnetic field strength further increases resulting in more ionization of the fuel. It is also perceived that magnetic effect reduces the viscosity of the fuel. Regulated emissions, namely unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions, reduced, whereas NOx emissions increased with WGO and ionization filter. With pine oil and ionization filter, all the regulated emissions decreased as compared to neat pine oil. The reduction in HC, CO, and smoke emissions was highest for combination of electromagnet and permanent magnet followed by electromagnet and permanent magnet. The study shows that combination of permanent magnet and electromagnet resulted in the best engine performance and emission characteristics.

An analysis of rice-bran oil as a biofuel for the four-stroke, twin-cylinder CI engine

ABSTRACT Petroleum product has seen a drastic demand in the recent past. In this scenario it is important to come up with alternate fuels with better efficiency. This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the use of a blend of rice bran oil and ethanol with various propositions as a substitute to diesel fuel. Its performance charactertics are analysed in a diesel engine and are reported. We are also dealing with a solution to avoid gel formation in cold condition. Emission of CO and NOx is prevented by a three-way catalytic converter. Experimental investigations were carried out on a four-stroke, twin-cylinder CI diesel engine. Various blends of biodiesel (rice bran ethyl ester) and ethanol ranging from 5% to 15% in the blend were used.

“Experimental study on performance and emissions of a turbochrged diesel engine fuelled with diesel and Vegetable oils blended with Ethanol”

In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, fuels like Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil as a diesel engine fuel. The objectives of this paper is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a twin cylinder diesel engine that are using Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market.A Twin cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and emissions at zero load & full load with the fuel of ethanol. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil. By the end of the experiment, the successful of the experiment have been started which is Diesel engine is able to run with Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil but the engine needs to run by using diesel fuel first, then followed by Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the engine turned off. The performance of the engine using Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil fuel compared to the performance of engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of Ethanol blended with Apricot oil, Pogamia oil, Cotton seed oil and Diesel fuel are also compared.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Blended Biodiesel with Nano Additives Using Response Surface Methodology

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Blended Biodiesel with Nano Additives Using Response Surface Methodology

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Blended Biodiesel with Nano Additives Using Response Surface Methodology

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Blended Biodiesel with Nano Additives Using Response Surface Methodology

“Common rail twin cylinder diesel engine performance and emission running on Vegetable oils blended with Ethanol”

In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, fuels like Biofuel may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates Mahua oil, Rape seed oil, Mange seed oil ‘blended with Ethanol as a fuel in C I engine. A Twin cylinder C I engine was adapted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and emissions with the fuel of Mahua oil, Rape seed oil, Mange seed oilblended with Ethanol. In this study, the diesel engine was tested usingMahua oil, Rape seed oil, Mange seed oilblended with Ethanol. Twin cylinder C I engine is able to run with Bio fuel but the engine needs to run by using diesel fuel first, then followed by Bio fuel and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the engine turned off. The performance of the engine using Mahua oil, Rape seed oil, Mange seed oilblended with Ethanol compared to the performance of engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of Mahua oil, Rape seed oil, Mange seed oilblended with Ethanol and Diesel fuel are also compared.

Development of on-board fuel metering and sensing system

Usage of biodiesel fuels and their blends with diesel fuel has a potential to reduce the tailpipe emissions and reduce the dependence on crude oil imports. Further, biodiesel fuels exhibit favourable greenhouse gas emission and energy balance characteristics. While fossil fuel technology is well established, the technological implications of biofuels particularly biodiesel is not clearly laid out. Hence, the objective is to provide an on-board metering control in selecting the different proportions of diesel and bio-diesel blends. An on-board fuel metering system is being developed using PID controller, stepper motors and a capacitance sensor. The accuracy was tested with the blends of propanol-1, diesel and are found to be within 1.3% error. The developed unit was tested in a twin cylinder diesel engine with biodiesel blended diesel fuel. There was a marginal increase (5%) in nitric oxide and 14% increase in smoke emission with 10% biodiesel blended diesel at part load conditions.

Demonstrating Improved Fuel Economy Using Subsystem Specific Lubricants on a Modified Diesel Engine

ABSTRACTFuel economy performance in modern internal combustion engines is of increasing importance to lubricant formulators due to regulations targeting global greenhouse gas emissions. Engines typically employ a single lubricant, with a common sump, to service all components. As a result, base oil and additive selection for fuel economy performance is a compromise among competing demands for different engine subsystems. Opportunities for significant fuel economy improvement through targeted formulation of lubricants for specific engine subsystems are presented, with specific emphasis on segregating the lubricant supplies for the valve train and the power cylinder subsystems. A working prototype was developed in a lab environment by modifying a commercially available twin-cylinder diesel engine. Motored valve train and whole-engine fired test results were obtained and compared to model data. Fuel economy benefits were demonstrated using market representative heavy-duty diesel lubricants, including mineral oil and polyalphaolefin (PAO) blends. The fuel economy benefits of a dual-loop lubricant system are demonstrated through significant viscosity reduction in the power cylinder subsystem, achieving overall engine friction reductions of up to 8% for the investigated operating condition. Results suggest that additional gains may be realized through targeted base oil and additive formulation. Implications for incorporation in larger diesel engines are also considered.

Emission analysis of different blends of karanja oil with producer gas in a twin-cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode

ABSTRACTThe present study describes the emission analysis of different blends of karanja oil and diesel with producer gas in dual fuel mode using a twin-cylinder diesel engine in two cases of operations. In case 1, the above fuels are tested in single mode and in dual fuel mode operation at an optimum gas flow rate of 21.49 Kg/h under different load conditions. Similarly, in case 2 the same test fuels are used in dual fuel mode only at an optimum load of 10 kW under different gas flow rates. The study reveals that dual fuel operation of all test fuels shows lower smoke and oxide of nitrogen emissions compared to their single mode operation, whereas other emission parameters are on the higher side. However, all blended fuels show better emissions compared to diesel in both cases of operations.

Emission analysis of different blends of karanja biodiesel with producer gas in a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates the emission analysis of different blends of Karanja biodiesel and diesel with producer gas in dual fuel mode using a twin cylinder diesel engine for two cases of operations. In case 1, a test is carried out using the above test fuels both in single mode and dual fuel mode operation with a constant gas flow rate of 21.49 Kg/h under different load conditions. Similarly, in case 2, a test is performed at a constant load of 10 kW under different gas flow rates using the same test fuels in the dual fuel mode only. The study reveals that all blended fuels show better emissions compared to diesel in both cases of operations. Dual fuel mode operation of all tested fuels shows lower smoke and oxide of nitrogen emissions compared to their single mode operation under all load conditions, whereas other emission parameters are found to be on the higher side.

Investigation and performance evaluation of hippie seed oil blended with diesel using the twin cylinder diesel engine

In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an outcome, fuels like Biofuel may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates Biofuel as a C I engine fuel. This report describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyze the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of diesel engine due to usage of the both fuels. Detail studies about the experimental setup and components have been done before the experiment started. Data that are required for the analysis is observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis have been done after all the required data needed for the thesis is obtained. The experiment used C I engine with no load which means no load exerted on it. A four stroke Twin cylinder C I engine was adopted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and emissions at zero load & full load with the fuel of Biofuel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using Biofuel. By the end of the report, the successful of the project have been started which is Twin cylinder C I engine is able to run with Bio fuel but the engine needs to run by using diesel fuel first, then followed by Bio fuel and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the engine turned off. The performance of the engine using Biofuel compared to the performance of engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of Bio fuel and Diesel fuel are also compared.

Thermodynamic analysis of a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode with producer gas

There is a need for thermodynamic analysis of the compression ignition (CI) engine to evaluate its energy utilization efficiency, which will locate and quantify the amount of quality energy lost from the engine at different heads. In this paper, the analysis of energy, exergy, maximum combustion temperature and exhaust gas temperature of a CI engine in normal mode using diesel and in dual fuel mode with producer gas is performed. The results indicate that brake thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency and maximum combustion temperature increases with increase in load. At the same time destruction of exergy also increases with engine load. Compared to normal diesel mode, dual fuel mode shows a diminishing performance that may be due to the poor burning qualities of producer gas.

Performance of a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode using woody biomass producer gas

Due to energy crisis and shortage of fossil fuel, there is a growing interest in alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. Producer gas presents a very promising alternative fuel to diesel since it is a renewable and clean burning fuel having properties similar to that of diesel. In this study, a twin cylinder dual fuel diesel engine is experimentally optimized for maximum diesel saving and lower emissions, without any undue vibration of engine using woody biomass producer gas. The test is carried out to study the performance and emission parameters of the engine in diesel mode and dual fuel mode at different gas flow rates under different load conditions. The study reveals that maximum diesel savings is found to be 83% at optimum gas flow rate and 8 kW load. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide emissions in dual fuel mode were higher compared with diesel mode at all test ranges. However, the main pollutants, such as nitrogen oxide and smoke, decrease substantially in the dual fuel mode compared with the diesel mode. Lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake-specific energy consumption as well as exhaust gas temperature are observed in dual fuel mode compared with diesel mode.

Experimental investigation of diesel engine emissions with producer gas and blends of neat Karanja oil as fuel adding turbocharger

This paper highlights the impact of turbocharger and addition of producer gas flow rate on the emissions of a twin cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel and blends of neat Karanja oil (10% and 20%) with diesel (on weight basis). The test is carried out with and without turbocharged mode in two cases of operations. In case 1, the above fuels are tested at an optimum gas flow rate of 21.49 kg/hr under different engine loading conditions. In case 2, the same fuels are tested at an optimum load of 10 kW under different gas flow rates. During turbo mode operation it is found that mixing of inlet air and producer gas becomes a difficult issue due to their pressure difference and hence a proper arrangement is needed for it. The study reveals that the turbocharged mode operations of all the tested fuels show a significant reduction of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity. However, with increase in gas flow rate up to an optimum level, the nitrogen oxide emission and smoke opacity decreases significantly. At an optimum gas flow rate of 21.49 kg/hr, producer gas can be used as a potential fuel for diesel to reduce emissions.

Evaluation of engine performance, emissions, of a twin cylinder diesel engine fuelled with waste plastic oil and diesel blends with a fraction of methanol

A comprehensive study on the methanol and waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel has been carried out. This report deals with the exhaust emission of waste plastic fuel on twin cylinder diesel engine. The objectives of this report are to analyse the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a twin cylinder diesel engine that are using waste plastic oil compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in the market. This report describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which is to analyse the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of diesel engine due to usage of the both fuels. Detail studies about the experimental setup and components have been done before the experiment started. Data that are required for the analysis is observed from the experiments. Calculations and analysis have been done after all the required data needed for the thesis is obtained. The experiment used diesel engine with no load which means no load exerted on it. A four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power, volumetric efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency and emissions at full load with the fuel of fraction methanol in bio-diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol blended with bio-diesel at certain mixing ratios of (WPO: Diesel) 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40 methanol to bio-diesel respectively. By the end of the report, the successful of the project have been started which is Kirloskar engine is able to run with waste plastic oil (WPO) but the engine needs to run by using diesel fuel first, then followed by waste plastic oil and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the engine turned off. The performance of the engine using blended fuel compared to the performance of engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of blended fuel and diesel fuel are also compared. Keywords: Alternative Fuel, Waste Plastic Oil (WPO), Diesel, Methanol, Performance, Emissions, Pyrolysis.

Emission analysis of different blends of Karanja biodiesel with producer gas in a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode

Emission analysis of different blends of Karanja biodiesel with producer gas in a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode