Twig Girdler Research Articles

The role of field-collected cues in the host recognition of twig girdlers (Oncideres rhodosticta) on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

The role of field-collected cues in the host recognition of twig girdlers (Oncideres rhodosticta) on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Key Plant, Key Pests: Oak (Quercus spp.)

This series of Key Plant, Key Pests publications is designed for Florida gardeners, horticulturalists, and landscape professionals to help identify common pests associated with common Florida flora. This new 9-page publication provides information and general management recommendations for borers, caterpillars, insect-induced galls, twig girdlers, oak leaf blister, root and butt rot, Tubakia leaf spot, mistletoe, psocids, lace bugs, woolly aphids, powdery mildew, Spanish and ball moss, and lichens. Written by Juanita Popenoe, Caroline R. Warwick, Adam G. Dale, and Alfred Huo, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep596

Mortalidad y sanidad de procedencias de Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. en la costa de Oaxaca

En México existe un vacío de conocimiento sobre la mortalidad y sanidad de plantaciones forestales tropicales. Por tanto, un ensayo de procedencias de Enterolobium cyclocarpum se estableció en dos sitios (Pinotepa de Don Luis y Valdeflores) de la región Costa de Oaxaca, México, para conocer los factores y agentes bióticos relacionados con esta especie. La mortalidad y sanidad de las plantas se registró durante 18 meses, y se determinaron diferencias entre sitios y procedencias. Orthogeomys grandis (tuza) en Pinotepa de Don Luis (27.9 %) y la sequía (29.2 %) en Valdeflores causaron mayor mortalidad de individuos. Cenicilla (Oidum), pulgón (Aphis), cochinilla algodonosa (Pseudoccocus longispinus), corta palos (Oncideres), un barrenador (Lepidoptera) y un defoliador (Lepidoptera) se vincularon con la sanidad de E. cyclocarpum. Las cenicillas y los pulgones afectaron el mayor número de ejemplares; en Pinotepa de Don Luis, las cenicillas infectaron 58.8 % de las plantas y los pulgones a 29.2 %; mientras que, en Valdeflores la afectación fue de 3.3 % y 0.8 %, respectivamente. En Pinotepa de Don Luis, Cortijo y Colotepec tuvieron menor infección de cenicilla y la infestación de pulgones no fue significativa entre las procedencias. En Valdeflores, cinco procedencias carecieron de presencia de cenicilla y, únicamente, El Zarzal tuvo evidencia de pulgones. La ubicación y la precipitación de los sitios influyeron en los niveles de mortalidad y sanidad de las plantas de E. cyclocarpum.

Agrilozodes Suarezi (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) as Secondary Colonizer of a Sclerolobium sp. Branch Girdled by Oncideres Saga (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

A large number of invertebrates use dead wood as shelter, food, and as a microclimate refuge. Ecological succession in this substrate depends on primary colonization, stimulating or inhibiting future successions. Twig girdler beetles girdle and lay eggs inside the bark of branches and trunks of different host plants. Branch girdling blocks the phloem flow, making it more nutritive for offspring and future colonizers. This study, in the State Park of Rio Doce (PERD), Minas Gerais, Brazil, is the first report of a secondary colonization by borers on a Sclerolobium sp. branch girdled by Oncideres saga (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). A Sclerolobium sp. branch, girdled by O. saga was collected in Rio Doce State Park, cut into pieces, and brought to the laboratory, where it was stored in a cardboard box and moistened monthly. A total of 28 adult beetles of 4 species emerged from this branch. Agrilozodes suarezi was found for the first time developing inside a branch of its first host plant. The life history of insects of the genus Agrilozodes is poorly known, because this is the first report of aspects of its biology.

Molecular identification of three species of Oncideres (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) using RAPD markers.

Twig girdlers have a short adult life and a long larval stage (up to one year in some species). This fact, together with lack of morphological traits to identify the species from the larval stage, poses obstacles for the taxonomic identification and characterization of the many twig girdlers found in the wild. To solve this matter, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers have been applied to identify some insect species and to determine species boundaries. The aim of this study was to identify three species of Oncideres using the RAPD technique. Adults and larvae of O. saga, O. ocularis and O. ulcerosa were collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two RAPD primers were used (OPA-05 and OPB-13), which produced different electrophoretic profiles that were used to construct a UPGMA phenogram. Three groups identified in the analyses accurately separated the three species, based on individuals in two different stages of development (adults and larvae): I: O. saga, II: O. ulcerosa, and III: O. ocularis. Molecular markers, such as RAPD, are valuable tools that help taxonomists in species identification.

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF Oncideres bouchardii BATES (Coleóptera: Cerambycidae), A TRUPILLO TWIG GIRDTER FROM SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

Aspects of the biology of Oncideres bouchardii Bates from Santa Marta, Colombia are described. Imagines of this twig girdler appear shortly after the rainy season during the months of November to February, ringing twigs and branches of trupillo trees, Prosopis juliflora (L.) and aromo bushes, Acacia fameÿiana Willd. Observations showed that this activity is only performed by the females, which commonly copulate at the same time. After girdling the twig, the females lay their white eggs one by one into especially prepared egg cavities that are sealed after oviposition. There is evidence that locating the entrance to the future egg chamber with the ovipositor is greatly facilitated by means of a marking on the bark made with the ovipositor while making the entrance with the mandibles. The eggs are deposited by means of the telescopic and inflatable ovipositor which is inserted deeply under the bark through hemolymph pressure and acts to force open the egg chamber between bark and wood. After approximately a week the larvae hatch and soon dig into the drying twig. The lifecycle of Oncideres bouchardii lasts one year, the longest part of it belonging to the larval stage. Most imagines live less than a week or two, although a few survive as long as 45 days. In places where much destruction of the trees is caused by this twig girdler, it is recommended to collect and burn the girdled twigs or branches that contain the woodboring larvae or eggs of the species.

BIOECOLOGIA DE <i>Oncideres cervina</i> (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) EM CANELA-GUAICÁ (<i>Ocotea puberula</i>: Lauraceae) NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818466O conhecimento da entomofauna dos ecossistemas florestais tem sua importância no que se refere aos danos provocados pelos seus diferentes segmentos. Estudou-se a bioecologia do serrador Oncideres cervina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), em Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae), na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em 49 galhos cortados foram analisados a frequência de corte, o diâmetro de galhos no corte e secções, comprimento de galhos, frequência de incisões de postura, emergência de adultos, tamanho do orifício de saída, comprimento e volume da galeria larval desta espécie. O período de corte de galhos se estende de fevereiro a março e esta espécie se enquadra como cortadora de galhos grossos. O número de incisões de postura é variável, porém, a maior concentração é encontrada nas secções de 20 a 40 cm a partir do corte, com valor médio de 11 incisões. Duzentos adultos emergiram de 27 galhos, com pico de emergência na primeira quinzena de dezembro. Para completar o seu desenvolvimento, esta espécie requer menor volume de madeira se comparada a outras espécies de serrador.

Cerambycidae and other Coleoptera Associated with Branches Girdled byOncideres sagaDalman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini)

Species of Oncideres Serville, often referred to as twig girdlers, girdle tree branches prior to oviposition to promote larval development. The behavior creates a unique niche that is utilized by other beetle species. The objective of this study was to compare emergence of insects from branches girdled by Oncideres saga Dalman in an intercropping system and a monoculture of Acacia mangium Willd. in the Atlantic Rainforest of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty-four Coleoptera species emerged from the branches: 17 Cerambycidae; three Cleridae; and one individual each from Cantharidae, Cucujidae, Elateridae, and Trogossitidae. Although branches from the intercropping system yielded more individuals, branches from the monoculture had higher species richness, including almost all of the cerambycid species and all of the potential predators. The use of girdled twigs may confer a reproductive advantage to subsequent cerambycid colonists, which are probably attracted to the volatiles released by the girdled branch. Beetles belonging to other families may prey on the Cerambycidae dwelling inside the branches. Potential predators may be ecologically important, contributing to the natural biological control of O. saga. Collecting and burning the infested branches is the technique most extensively used to control the twig girdlers. However, this also destroys beneficial organisms as well as the subsequent colonists that depend upon these branches.

Oncideres ocularis(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) GirdlingMimosa bimucronata(Fabaceae) in Brazil

Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze (Fabaceae) is recorded as a host of Oncideres ocularis Thomson, 1868 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and this is the first report of this twig girdler in the southeast region of Brazil. The history of twig girdler beetles as pests of Fabaceae trees indicates that Fabaceae tree species can be damaged in areas where this insect occurs.

Twig Morphology and Host Effects on Emergence Patterns and Sex Ratios of the Twig Girdler,Oncideres cingulata(Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract. Emergence patterns and sex ratios of the twig girdler, Oncideres cingulata (Say), were examined during 2004–2005 relative to measures of twig morphology and species of host tree. Emergence patterns varied significantly between study years, by sex, and among host species. Beetles emerged an average of 10 days earlier in 2004 than in 2005. Mean date of emergence for male beetles was 3 days earlier than for females. Beetles emerged from twigs girdled from honey locust (Gleditisia triacanthos L.) a day earlier than from American elm (Ulmus americana L.), 2 days earlier than from pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and 4 days earlier than from birch (Betula nigra L.). However, regression models found only weak relationships between twig morphology parameters and the timing of emergence of beetle adults. Similarly, sex ratios were unrelated to any aspect of twig morphology and did not vary between years or among host species.

Bioecology of Oncideres ocularis Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae)

Twig girdlers are beetles that girdle branches and trunks of living trees so that they can deposit their eggs in incisions made by their mandibles. There are few studies about the biology and ecology of the girdler Oncideres ocularis Thomson, which is considered a potential pest of forest plantations that can cause injuries to tree species of the family Fabaceae. The objective of this study was to increase knowledge related to the biological phases and the ecological patterns of girdling and oviposition of O. ocularis. Field studies were conducted at four plantations of Acacia mangium Willd located in the cities of Coimbra and Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The incubation period of eggs was 12.1 ± 0.2 (SE) days and viability was 61% (n = 70). The number of egg incisions per girdled branch was 17.27 ± 1.0. The great number of eggs was laid in the mid-basal and middle sections of branch with a mean of 5.80 ± 0.38 and 4.97 ± 0.3 eggs on these portions. The base diameter of the girdled branches was 9.88 mm ± 0.18 and the mean length was 99.21 cm ± 2.23. A girdled branch by O. ocularis led to an average loss of leaf area of 4233.05 cm2 per tree that corresponds to 0.46% of total leaf area. Other beetles that emerged from the girdled branches were Engyum quadrinotatum (Thomson), Orthostema abdominale (Gyllenhal), Nesozineus bucki (Breuning) and Lepturges sp.

Twig Morphology and Host Effects on Reproductive Success of the Twig GirdlerOncideres cingulata(Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The reproductive success of the twig girdler Oncideres cingulata (Say) was examined relative to twig morphology of the host tree species used for oviposition. There were significant differences in twig morphology between hosts, in twig length, volume, and surface area. Ovipositing beetles appeared to adjust reproductive efforts to these host differences, as reflected by egg density. Twig length was strongly correlated with the number of eggs laid across all host species, although regression analysis found that a model consisting of twig diameter and surface area best accounted for the total number of eggs per twig. Adult emergence was not related consistently to any aspect of twig morphology across host species. However, emergence rates varied between hosts, ranging from 6.1% from eggs laid on birch (Betula nigra L.), 7.7% from American elm (Ulmus americana L.), 10.0% from pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), to 28.2% on honey locust (Gleditisia triacanthos L.).

Ocorrência de Oncideres dejeanii Thomson (Cerambycidae) em Pyrus pyrifolia (Rosaceae), em Minas Gerais

The twig girdler beetles are known for damaging many tree species. These beetles girdle branches and use them to lay their eggs and complete the offspring development. The objective of this work was to describe the occurrence of a case of O. dejeanii girdling Pyrus pyrifolia (pear tree) branches. Three girdled branches of P. pyrifolia were collected and on two of these were captured a female of this twig-girdler beetle on each. The diameter and average length of the branches were 3.47±0.15 cm and 3.31±0.17 m, respectively. The lower third of the girdled branch has presented 52% of the posture incisions. A female was observed performing two postures along the branch, which took 10 and 13 minutes. O. dejeanii uses P. pyrifolia as alternative host, with potential to become pest and reduce output. doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.62.153

First Report on an Infestation of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Natural Oak Woodlands of California and its Differential Impact on Two Native Oak Species.

During an intense survey of natural woodlands around Lake Hodges (33°N, 117°W) in June 2001, symptoms typical of root and collar rot caused by Phytophthora spp. were observed on 27% of 474 coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia Nee.) and on none of 86 Engelmann oaks (Q. engelmannii Greene), in spite of complete spatial intermixing of the two species. Symptoms on coast live oaks included viscous exudates emerging through intact bark matched by underbark dark lesions with irregular margins. Lesions were delineated by a dark line and present on the root collar or the buttress of symptomatic trees. Crowns of trees with lesions ranged from completely healthy to declining or dead. All symptomatic trees were in proximity of the lake or streams. Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was isolated from four trees in three distinct sites by plating tissues from lesion margins on PARP selective medium and from four soil samples by using standard pear baiting and plating lesions from pear tissue onto PARP. Identification of the isolates was obtained from microscopic observations and direct sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA (Genbank Accession Nos. AY302148, MC2 and AY302149, MC3). P. citricola Sawada was also isolated once. Pathogenicity tests were completed to compare the susceptibility of the two species of oaks growing in the Lake Hodges region with P. cinnamomi. Two P. cinnamomi isolates from Lake Hodges (MC2, ATCC MYA-3711; MC3) and one isolate from an avocado orchard in San Diego County (MC6) were used to inoculate separately 10 5-year-old trees each of Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii grown in 5-gallon containers. Inoculations were performed in two lath-house experiments during February and September 2002 by placing an 8-mm diameter V8-agar plug from the margin of a P. cinnamomi colony underbark and sealing the wound with Parafilm and grafting wax. Lesion lengths were measured 2 months after inoculation, and the presence of the pathogen confirmed by reisolation on PARP. Mean average, maximum, and minimum temperatures were 14, 19, and 9°C and 21, 24, and 18°C for the February and September inoculations, respectively. The February inoculation resulted in small lesions only on Q. agrifolia (26 ± 15 mm, SD). The September inoculation resulted in 135 ± 68 mm (SD) lesions on Q. agrifolia and 49 ± 35 mm (SD) lesions on Q. engelmannii. Controls did not show any lesions. The length of lesions was significantly different between the two hosts (P < 0.0001) and significant differences were observed among the three isolates (P = 0.0018). Although Q. agrifolia is a known host for P. cinnamomi in California (2,3), to our knowledge, this is the first report of widespread infestation of P. cinnamomi in natural oak woodlands in the western United States. Survey and inoculation results indicated Q. engelmannii to be less susceptible to infection. Inoculation results confirm previous research that cold temperatures are unfavorable to this pathogen and isolates differed in pathogenicity toward Q. agrifolia. Decline of oaks infected by P. cinnamomi was observed only in conjunction with other factors, in particular with the presence of the oak twig girdler, Agrilus angelicus Horn., an insect favored by stress conditions such as drought. Similar effects have been reported for Mediterranean oaks infected by the same pathogen (1).

Bionomia comparada dos serradores, &lt;i&gt;Oncideres saga saga&lt;/i&gt; (Dalman, 1823) e &lt;i&gt;Oncideres dejeani&lt;/i&gt; (Thomson, 1868) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) em &lt;i&gt;Parapiptadenia rigida&lt;/i&gt;.

Alguns parâmetros biológicos dos serradores, Oncideres saga saga (Dalman, 1823) e O. dejeani (Thomson, 1868) sobre angico-vermelho, Parapiptadenia rigida (Leguminosae) foram comparados, em Santa Maria - RS. Analisou-se as dimensões do orifício de emergência do imago, diâmetro dos galhos cortados, comprimento e volume da galeria larval-pupal. As duas espécies de serrador apresentaram orifício de emergência do adulto de formato quase circular, dimensões similares e desenvolvem-se em galhos de diferentes diâmetros. O. s. saga construiu galerias de maior comprimento e consumiu maior volume de madeira que O. dejeani.

Eficiência e período de arividade dos inimigos naturais de &lt;i&gt;Oncideres impluviata&lt;/i&gt; (Fermar, 1824)(Col.: Cerambycidae).

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, o conhecimento do conjunto de inimigos naturais e a ação destes ao longo do desenvolvimento das larvas de Oncideres impluviata. No período de 1984/85, em Almirante Tamandaré – Paraná, coletou-se periodicamente galhos de bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) cortados pelo serrador. As larvas coletadas a campo completaram o ciclo em laboratório em tubos de ensaio contendo serragem umedecida de bracatinga. Ao retirar-se as larvas dos galhos anotou-se o ponto em relação à base-ápice do galho, além da data de coleta e o instar em que se encontravam. Avaliou-se a eficiência dos inimigos naturais e o período de atividade destes. As observações efetuadas permitiram concluir que a eficiência dos inimigos naturais e o período de atividade destes. As observações efetuadas permitiram concluir que a ação predatória foi mais eficiente do que o parasitismo, sendo que esta tende a diminuir com o desenvolvimento larval, ao passo que a ação predatória aumenta concomitantemente no decorrer do desenvolvimento das larvas. O parasitóide mais freqüente foi Cenocoelius sp. (Hym.; Gracanidae) e entre os predadores destacam-se Cregyadifformis (Col.; Coleridae) e Lithrips sp. (Thys.; Phloeothripidae), entre outros.

Aspectos da biologia de &lt;i&gt;Oncideres impluviata&lt;/i&gt; e de &lt;i&gt;O. captiosa&lt;/i&gt; em Santa Maria, RS (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Procurando verificar o potencial, reprodutivo dos serradores, Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1824) sobre angico: Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.)(Leguminosae) e O. captiosa Martins, 1981 sobre canforeira: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Ebern (Lauraceae) no período 1986/88, contou-se o número de incisões de posturas, por secção de 20 cm, por galho cortado, anotando-se o número de larvas desenvolvidas e adultos emergidos. O diâmetro dos galhos cortados foi medido a cada 20 cm, desde a base até o ápice. Verificou-se que O. impluviata corta galhos de maior diâmetro e realiza maior número de incisões em galhos de árvores isoladas em relação àquelas de dentro da mata. Emergem mais adultos dos galhos cortados dentro da mata do que naqueles de árvores isoladas. O número médio de incisões de postura de O. captiosa é maior do que aquele de O. impluviata, contudo o número médio de larvas desenvolvidas é aproximadamente 50% menor em O. captiosa que em O. impluviata.

Distribuição das posturas, de larvas e de inimigos naturais de &lt;i&gt;Oncideres impluviata&lt;/i&gt; (Germar, 1824) (Col.: Cerambycidae).

Com o objetivo de verificar a distribuição, independente do efeito de cada componente, contou-se posturas, larvas sadias, predadas ou parasitadas de Oncideres impluviata em galhos de bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.). O levantamento foi realizado no período de 1984/85, em Almirante Tamandaré – Paraná. Para o estudo da distribuição das larvas e de inimigos naturais foi medida a distância da base do galho até o ponto onde se encontrava cada larva sadia ou parasitada, galeria vazia ou predador. Os resultados demonstraram que as larvas se concentram a partir dos 10,0 cm do ponto base do galho, estendendo-se até 40,0 cm, com uma concentração máxima entre 10,0 e 20,0 cm. Os predadores e parasitas apresentam uma concentração não coincidente, sendo que os parasitas concentram-se entre 20,0 e 30,0 cm e os predadores entre 10,0 e 20,0 cm a partir da base. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que as larvas se estabelecem numa posição onde encontram as melhores condições de sobrevivência, ao passo que os parasitas e predadores estão na dependência das condições intrínsecas de cada espécie em função das condições ideais da fase de desenvolvimento dos hospedeiros ou presa.

Alguns aspectos da biologia do serrador &lt;i&gt;Oncideres impluviata&lt;/i&gt; (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Objetivando determinar alguns parâmetros comparativos da biologia do serrador Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1824)(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) sobre angico-vermelho, Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan (Leguminosae-Mimosoidea), em Santa Maria-RS, e sobre capororoca, Rapanea umbellata (Mart. ex D.C.) Mez (Myrsinaceae), em São Sepé-RS, durante o período 1990/92, realizou-se este trabalho. Com paquímetro, mediu-se o comprimento e a largura do orifício de emergência dos adultos do serrador e, o comprimento e o volume da galeria larval-pupal. O. impluviata apresenta orifício de emergência quase circular, desenvolvendo-se em galhos de diversos diâmetros, independente da espécie botânica e, o comprimento da galeria e o volume são similares para as duas espécies botânicas.

Cerambycidae associados a lauraceae, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

A identificação dos cerambicídeos associados aos galhos de quatro espécies de lauráceas, cortados pelo serrador Oncideres captiosa, foi estudada em Santa Maria e Cachoeira do Sul, RS. Constatou-se 20 espécies de cerambicídeos, com acme de emergência em novembro. Engyum quadrinotatum e Sphalloeme costipennis predominaram nos dois locais estudados e podem ser potencialmente nocivos à madeira estocada aguardando beneficiamento.