21st Century Research Articles

Over 30 Examples and an Incomplete Emergence: Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell in, on, and with Anthologies

Abstract This article tabulates the dimensions of Bishop’s and Lowell’s anthology appearances, contextualizing such data with respect to their careers as consumers, producers, and critics of anthologies, which proved lifelong occupations for both poets. Delineating their paramount achievements and their prevailing frustrations with respect to anthologies, this article offers a clearer sense of their poetic achievements and of their changing reputations: if Lowell was the more anthologized poet in the twentieth century, Bishop has begun to surpass him in the twenty-first century, for reasons that are simultaneously poetic and political.

Beyond global mobility: how human capital shapes the MNE in the 21st century

Beyond global mobility: how human capital shapes the MNE in the 21st century

Survey of real-time brainmedia in artistic exploration

Abstract This survey examines the evolution and impact of real-time brainmedia on artistic exploration, contextualizing developments within a historical framework. To enhance knowledge on the entanglement between the brain, mind, and body in an increasingly mediated world, this work defines a clear scope at the intersection of bio art and interactive art, concentrating on real-time brainmedia artworks developed in the 21st century. It proposes a set of criteria and a taxonomy based on historical notions, interaction dynamics, and media art representations. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of real-time brainmedia, setting the stage for future explorations of new paradigms in communication between humans, machines, and the environment.

Recent Advances for the Development of Sustainable Transport and Their Importance in Case of Global Crises: A Literature Review

The 21st century is a time of rapid development, marked by technological advances, globalization, and international cooperation. It is also a period that has witnessed numerous global crises. In light of recent events, such as the migration crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the escalation of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, it is crucial to consider how to ensure economic stability and enhance the security of the transportation sector in the face of emerging threats. The goal of this publication is to identify the latest solutions in sustainable transportation development and to highlight their relevance in the context of potential global crises. To achieve this, a systematic review of the current research on transportation industry innovations was conducted using 4 different databases, yielding 492 results. From these, 223 publications were selected for analysis based on established criteria. The selected transport solutions were grouped into specific categories, and then their relevance in the context of global crises was discussed. The findings highlighted key solutions essential for economic stability and transport sector safety in potential crisis situations, while also pointing to further research directions. Additionally, they offer actionable concepts for transport organizers to promote a more resilient and sustainable flow of passengers and goods in anticipation of future crises.

The sand and mud budget of the Zeeschelde since the start of the twenty-first century

The sand and mud budget of the Zeeschelde since the start of the twenty-first century

What is the Impact of Leaders with Emotional Intelligence on Proxy Performance Metrics in 21st Century Healthcare?—A Systematic Literature Review

Emotional intelligence (EQ) in healthcare leadership has been a subject of debate regarding its significance in enhancing job performance and patient-centred care. This systematic review investigates the impact of EQ on organisational performance metrics in healthcare leaders. Eleven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified through a comprehensive database search. The findings suggest that EQ positively influences job satisfaction, with emotionally intelligent leaders fostering a positive work environment and commitment among employees. Moreover, EQ correlates negatively with emotional exhaustion, indicating its potential in mitigating burnout rates among healthcare professionals. EQ fosters teamwork, organisational culture and enhances job performance, with higher EQ levels in leaders associated with increased team empowerment and proactivity. Despite the compelling evidence, limitations in the study methodologies and heterogeneity in the reported outcomes challenge the establishment of definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, the findings underscore the importance of EQ in healthcare leadership and its potential to improve organisational dynamics and employee wellbeing. This review highlights the need for further research on EQ’s impact on patient satisfaction and calls for the development of EQ training programmes tailored for healthcare leaders.

Populism, anti-populism and minorities: Governmental discourses on the Romani people in Greece (2015-2022)

The beginning of the 21st century is characterized by the rise of extremism nationalism, racism and xenophobia that deeply affect minority rights, such as the Roma that face diachronically blatant discrimination and racism. Due to the fact that many of the political leaders who underestimate the rights of minorities express often a populist discourse, a debate has opened up about the relationship between populism and minorities. There are many scholars who believe that populism tends to undermine liberal features like minority protections. But is populism necessarily an anti-pluralist and anti-minority phenomenon? What about the case of left-wing populism? Why do we avoid focusing on the relationship between anti-populism and minorities? In this article, we examine the relationship between populism, anti-populism and minorities through the case of two different governmental discourses in crisis-ridden Greece. Specifically, we focus on the governmental political discourse and policies of the populist SYRIZA (2015-2019) and anti-populist ND (2019-2022) on Roma, with the aim of showing that populism is not necessarily anti-pluralist, while anti-populism is not always pluralist, as both phenomena can follow inclusionary or exclusionary logics.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Mouth Wash

The importance of oral and dental hygiene has been known from the beginning of civilization to the 21st century. Patients and dentists are faced with a wide variety of mouthwash products containing a variety of active and inactive ingredients. Making an informed decision about the suitability of a particular product for a particular patient can be a complex task. Many popular herbal products help fight plaque and periodontal disease, but they have only been used for a short time and only as an adjunct to other oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing. Natural mouthwashes may offer significant advantages over chemical mouthwashes. If a mouthwash can be developed using natural products that can be easily prepared at home and is safe to use, it could lead to an improvement in people's overall dental health. A variety of natural ingredients and materials have been used in this study. Thin layer chromatography was then performed to confirm the quality of the materials used. Subsequently, physical evaluation, pH measurement, stability studies, thin layer chromatography and antibacterial studies were carried out. The study concluded that the developed herbal mouthwash is a significant, therapeutically effective and suitable drug delivery agent with undoubtedly high potential, albeit at a low cost. Therefore, increased use of herbal preparations is necessary to avoid side effects. This study is an attempt to outline natural substances that can be used as effective mouthwashes.

Project-Based Learning Implementation in Higher Education: Theoretical and Practical Issues

These days, 21st century learners need to develop different skills in order to be successful in their academic and professional lives. To respond to these needs, educators are supposed to prepare learners to successfully accomplish diverse and complex tasks in this changing world. Therefore, innovative pedagogies including project-based learning are required to facilitate the task of 21st century teachers and learners. Although diverse new teaching and learning techniques have been suggested, the focus in this paper is on project-based learning. This paper, then, aims at discussing and reviewing project-based learning and its implementation especially in a higher education context. It outlines the challenges that professors encounter while using this teaching practice as well as suggesting some possible suggestions to overcome those obstacles. It also seeks to compare and contrast between traditional forms of teaching and project-based learning. Key words: challenges, higher education, implementation, project-based learning, 21st century skills

Substantial Increase in Sub–Daily Precipitation Extremes of Flooding Season Over China

AbstractUnderstanding sub‐daily precipitation extremes (SPEs) can provide scientific insights for taking effective measures to mitigate climate risks. Leveraging gauge observations at hourly precipitation in 2,312 meteorological stations and extreme sub‐daily precipitation indices (ESPIs), we investigate the changes of SPEs in flooding season of 1971–2022 in China. On country scale, the occurrences and intensity of SPEs have significantly increased and even accelerated since the 21st century, suggesting increases in 2010s by 15%–38% compared with that in 1970s. The SPE risks for 20‐year and 50‐year return‐period increased by 2–4 and 8–20 times in 2001–2022 compared with that in 1971–2000, respectively. Over 80% stations are found to have positive trends in all ESPIs. On regional scale, seven sub‐regions experienced significant increases in ESPIs with larger magnitudes in the East China. The enlarged 500‐hPa geopotential height, 700‐hPa pseudoequivalent potential temperature, 700‐hPa specific humidity, saturated vapor pressure and urbanization ratio may be bonded to more SPEs.

Research trends, hotspots and future directions of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: a comprehensive informatics analysis and visualization study.

Many studies have reported the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in cancer, but the research progress of TLSs in cancer has not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, we analyzed the global scientific knowledge in the field using informatics methods. The results showed that TLSs in cancer have received increasing attention since the 21st century, with an annual publication growth rate of 27.86%. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on machine learning further categorized the research features into four clusters, with the cluster related to immunotherapy being considered an emerging cluster. TLSs and immunotherapy were identified as the top two hotspots with the highest occurrence frequency and total link strength. The Walktrap algorithm indicated that "TLSs, carcinoma, prognostic value" and "high endothelial venules, germinal-centers, node-like structures" are important to TLSs but remain underexplored, representing promising research directions. These findings suggest that cancer-related TLSs have brought new insights into antitumor immunity, and targeting TLSs has the potential to transform the landscape of antitumor immunotherapy.

САМОЗВАНЕЦ ИЛИ ВСЁ-ТАКИ ПРИНЦ? ПЕРКИН УОРБЕК В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ АНГЛИЧАН

In the XVI–XXI centuries, ideas about Perkin Warbeck made a full circle – from the perplexity of contemporaries, through the unconditional rejection of Tudor century, the first attempts to justify Warbeck of the XVII–XVIII centuries, sentimental novels and poems of the XIX century, scrupulous studies of the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, historians returned to the beginning. Аs well as contemporaries, they distrust the official, Tudor version of events and admit that the real prince, the rightful heir of the Yorks, was sent to the gallows. The image of Warbeck turned out to be so contradictory because the choice between an "impostor" and a "prince" did not always depend on objective, scientific calculations. Often the decision was determined by an assessment of the Tudor rule and of the preceding period of the Wars of the Roses (especially the personality and reign of Richard III). There were also non-scientific factors. To find an extra-political explanation for Warbeck's success, even under the Tudors he was turned into an immensely charming handsome man, a victim of intrigues. Artists, poets and novelists were happy to exploit and develop this emotional component; as the historical distance lengthened, the image of Warbeck became more and more touching and sentimental.

The rise of populist radical right parties in Europe

After World War II, radical right parties in Europe experienced a decline, but over the last three decades, they have regained strength, becoming significant players in European politics. Since the early twenty-first century, they have secured representation at various levels, from local governments to national parliaments and the European Parliament. Nowadays, populist radical right parties rank among the top three most powerful political forces in one-third of European countries. In Austria, the FPÖ ( Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs) emerged as the leading party in the 2024 elections, winning 28.9% of the vote. In Italy, the Fratelli d’Italia coalition came to power with 25.99% of the vote in 2022. In Hungary, Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party won its fourth consecutive election. In France, Marine Le Pen’s National Rally (RN – Rassemblement National) achieved major victories in both the European Parliament and national elections, becoming the country’s largest party. Though initially considered marginal, populist radical right parties have become a lasting and serious force in European politics. This special issue features six carefully selected articles, each offering empirical and theoretical insights into different aspects of the rise of radical right and right-wing populist parties in Europe, contributing to a broader understanding of this phenomenon.

The Approach of Finland and Sweden to the Soviet and Nazi Occupations of the Baltic States in 1940–1944.

The rapid change in the status of the Baltic States at the beginning of the 1940s, led to erratic and mixed reactions of the outside world, while the struggle of dependent nations for their statehood established a certain place for the Baltic States in the international community. The study analyses the attitude of two Nordic countries – Sweden and Finland – to the three countries that lost their independence during the period of the first two occupations in 1940–1944. So far, historians have not analysed this topic. Looking back on this relatively recent period of history, which was particularly difficult for the Baltic States, and at the position of the Nordic countries would allow to better assess cooperation opportunities of the countries of the Baltic Sea region arising in the twenty-first century and determine the importance of the Baltic States in cross-border relations in the Baltic Sea region. The aim of the study is to analyse in detail the official position of Finland and Sweden, and the attitudes of their peoples towards the Baltic States during the period of the first two occupations. The key focus of the study is analysis of the problem of recognition of the Soviet occupation and the annexation of the Baltic States by the Nordic countries. An important part of the analysis involves the study of the correspondence of Lithuanian diplomats working in the Nordic countries: this would allow a better understanding of public sentiment in Finland and Sweden regarding the two occupational regimes in the Baltic countries. The first part of the article deals with the official approach of the Finnish and Swedish governments towards Soviet occupation and annexation of the Baltic States. The analysis of the sources, political reasoning, historiography of Lithuania and foreign countries, and the press of the Nordic countries reveals that Sweden recognised the incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia into the Soviet Union de facto by signing several agreements with Moscow. Meanwhile, Finland, due to unfavourable relations with the Soviet Union, was reluctant to give an assessment of the changed status quo of the Baltic States. The Finnish government maintained a policy of tacit non-recognition of the annexation of the Baltic States. The second part of the study explores the approach of the Nordic countries towards the Nazi occupation of the Baltic States. Finland and Sweden treated the Nazi actions in the east of the Baltic Sea region as a result of the unpredictable progress of WWII. A certain interest in the problems of the occupied Baltic States on the part of Swedish and Finnish society is revealed by publications in the Nordic press. They question the fate of the three Baltic States in a fragmented manner. The last part of the study examines the approach of the Nordic countries towards the three occupied Baltic States on the basis of correspondence of Lithuanian diplomats residing in the Nordic countries. After the Soviet occupation these Lithuanian diplomats stayed in the Nordic countries and assessed public opinions prevailing in Sweden and Finland towards the occupation. The study reveals that in Sweden, in June 1940, the actions of the Soviet Union in Lithuania, unlike those in Latvia and Estonia, were not treated as occupational. The fellow feelings expressed by representatives of the Swedish government to the Baltic States were personal in nature and did not affect the official position of Sweden. Between 1941 and 1944, Finnish society was also friendly to the three Baltic States. This was expressed in negative statements against the occupation of the Baltic States carried out by the Soviet Union. The Finnish and Swedish press paid only fragmentary attention to the issue of enforcement and change of occupational regimes in the east of the Baltic Sea region.

Global Citizenship and Global Political Instability Through the Lens of COVID-19

Abstract: The 21st century has been widely considered an era of globalization. Nevertheless, the outbreak of COVID-19 reveals that this ongoing interdependence not only brings opportunities for cooperation and common development but also global crises. In this turbulent world stricken by the pandemic, the significance of global citizenship, in which individuals identify themselves as citizens of the global village and collaboratively take actions to address global challenges, has been reiterated. This global citizenship awareness is expected to be developed through education so-called global citizenship education (GCE). Therefore, this paper sheds light on the importance of GCE for global political stability through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly taking geopolitical dynamics into account. It starts by enunciating the COVID-19 pandemic as a consequence of the lack of global citizenship awareness and how it precipitates global political instability. It then goes on to explore how the pandemic contributes to the promotion of GCE at a societal level. Finally, back to the school level, it analyses how the pandemic acts as a motivation to expand and reify GCE, allowing students to be prepared for the unforeseeable challenges and ensuring global political stability in the future.

Seasonal evolution modes of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies and their links to antarctic sea ice anomalies

Abstract Previous studies have explored the teleconnections between variability of Antarctic sea ice cover and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) across the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins, typically focusing on each basin individually. However, there has been limited investigation into the impact of tropical SSTs—particularly from a seasonal evolution perspective—on Antarctic sea ice cover. In this study, we employ the self-organizing map method to identify and analyze the primary modes of seasonal SST evolution in the tropical oceans from 1854 to 2022. We also project changes in the frequency of these modes through the 21st century. Moreover, we examine the seasonal variability of Antarctic sea ice concentration in relation to these tropical SST modes over the past four decades. Our results reveal that tropical SST anomalies display both uniform and shifted seasonal evolution patterns. Notably, the frequency of switched modes—namely, transitions from La Niña to El Niño (node 8) and from El Niño to La Niña (node 3)—is expected to increase in future climate. Interestingly, nearly mirrored SST seasonal evolution patterns do not lead to entirely opposite atmospheric circulation anomalies in the southern mid-high latitudes, nor do they result in completely inverse Antarctic sea ice cover anomalies.

The role of university patents in building strategic management

With the challenges that arise in the 21st century, the creation of new products, processes or brands has become even more of a priority for global economic growth. In several countries, universities are the "engine" of efforts to create and commercialise scientific discoveries and improve the social welfare and benefits of the population. Two challenges inherent in licensing technology from universities are making all managers aware of the benefits of investing in research that generates innovations and determining the final commercial value of a technology that is at an early stage of development. The aim of this paper is to review the latest approaches to strategic management, particularly in the area of patents created by universities and how the effects of intentional and unintentional signalling impact institutionally.

Great Powers Struggle: To A Bipolar World Order Again in The 21st Century by The United States of America-People’s Republic Of China Rivalry?

After the pandemic in 2020, “a bipolar international system formed around the United States of America (USA)- People’s Republic of China (PRC) has started to re-emerge” evolutions have increased recently in the Academy. With this article, the hypothesis that “the struggle of these states, the superpowers of our time, will again bring ‘a bipolar world order’ as in the Cold War, as put forward in the global order reshaped by the 2020 pandemic” will be tested. In this context, the conceptual framework of the bipolar world order will be drawn, in the continuation the national power elements of the two countries will be researched within the framework of realist theory, and the international results of their rivalry will be analyzed in the conclusion. In the study, the necessary data were collected using the quantitative research method, and this data were analyzed by content analysis technique. Finally, an evaluation was made by discussing the accuracy of the tested hypothesis.

Linking Disparate Strands: A Critical Review of the Relationship Between Creativity and Education

AbstractWhether schools help or hinder creativity is a topic of vibrant, international debate. Some contend that the focus on structure, rote learning and standardised assessments associated with formal education stifles children’s creativity. Others argue that creativity, much like numeracy or literacy, is a skill that can be taught, and educational settings provide optimal contexts for children to learn creative skills. With creativity increasingly recognised as a critical skill of the twenty-first century and formal education reaching more children across the globe, understanding the impact of schools on its development is critical. We suggest that much of the discourse on this topic has a narrow focus, precluding a global perspective. Here, we take a step back to integrate important but disparately presented research strands on education and creativity, to inform this debate. We first synthesize what we know about creativity and education, before presenting work on different areas—either directly or indirectly assessing creativity in educational contexts—including the relationship between creativity and academic achievement, classroom infrastructure and experiences, developmental slumps, teachers’ perspectives on creative children and research on culturally and educationally diverse populations. Reviewing research from these approaches shows that the relationship is nuanced and requires careful interpretation—while some research showcases the positive impact schooling can have on children’s creative development, other work, including from culturally and educationally diverse populations, shows how school experiences could be detrimental in this regard. We finish by summarising and integrating these research strands before making suggestions for future research.

Digital Transformation and Sustainability: A Study of how Firms Use Digital to Achieve Sustainable Goals

The globalisation brought about by the internet revolution of the twenty-first century has affected both technical and technological domains. As a result, a large number of e-commerce businesses worldwide were starting their digital transition. A firm needs to engage and conduct business with its surroundings. Consequently, there is an unbreakable bond and mutual reliance between business and the environment. The term "business environment" refers to the components of a business's surroundings that impact or define its efficacy and operations. A business organization's objective is to take advantage of opportunities and address issues that come up in the workplace. Analysing the business environment is essential for a company to thrive in its industry. Consequently, managers need to assess the workplace culture before putting forward winning business plans. The ability to handle competition is the cornerstone of developing a plan. Every strategy is predicated on comprehending the opposition.