TV Screen Research Articles

The online video ecology for preschoolers in India: investigating the creative industry practices

With over 690 million internet users, India ranks second globally in terms of internet user, trailing only China. This surge in internet penetration is fueling online content consumption among preschoolers in the country. As per Statista’s January 2024 data, India has the largest share of YouTube worldwide viewership, with 462 million users, which is nearly double of the 239 million users in the United States. Notably, six out of the 10 most-viewed videos on YouTube globally, cater to the preschoolers. Topping the list for 2024 is “Baby Shark Dance” by Pinkfong Kids’ Songs & Stories with a massive 13.93 billion views on YouTube, and its channel boasting 80.4 M subscribers. The other similar-category videos in the top-ten list include: “Johny Johny Yes Papa” by LooLoo Kids, “Bath Song” and “Wheels on the Bus” by Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes, “Phonics Song with Two Words” by ChuChu TV, and “Learning Colors – Colorful Eggs on a Farm” by Miroshka TV. These statistics underscore the extensive online consumption of content specifically designed for young children, while also highlighting India’s significant role as a major consumer hub for such content. It is in this context that this paper examines the creative industry practices behind production of such content consumed largely on mobile or TV screens by preschoolers in India. This study engages with select content creators from India who have been developing content on YouTube for preschoolers. Adopting a theoretical framework that synthesizes the political economy perspective with the critical media industry studies (CMIS) framework proposed by Havens et al., the paper critically interrogates the children’s content industry within the context of the economic and cultural forces that shape it. The production of content cultures serves as a starting point for exploring the digital content ecology for preschool children in India. It also explores how these children’s contents are shaped in India and also, how the quotidian practices surrounding this content have shaped the industry practices in the Indian context. Given the significant economic potential of this industry, which shapes the media discourse significantly, this paper seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the business culture within the media industry; and also of the creative industry practices of digital content creators and the online video ecology for preschoolers, in India. With a constructivist epistemic foundation, the study investigates industry practices around this content by reviewing secondary data and intensive interviews with content creators, and producers.

Prevalence of Myopia and Assessment of Perceptions of its Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students in Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the prevalence of myopia among medical students and to assess the perception about the accompanying risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted among medical students of Rawalpindi Pakistan, over a time span of 6 months, from Dec 2021 to May 2022. Methodology: Students participating in this study were belonging to both the genders with ages between 17-25 years. Students having history of LASIK surgery were excluded. A Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection and was distributed among students via Google Forms through various social media platforms. Analysis was done on SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 300 students participated in this study, including 211(67%) females and 99(33%) males. About 150(50%) of the participants had myopia and 35(11.7%) of these had myopia since childhood. Among the myopes, 39(26%) were the ones whose parents had myopia and 98(65%) were the ones whose siblings had myopia too. Only 60(21%) students were aware of the risk factors such as increased mobile usage, reading in dim light, not wearing recommended glasses, sitting too close to TV screen. No statistically significant association was found between myopia and time spent on screen (p=0.333). Conclusion: Myopia is widespread among medical students. Family history and genetics are linked to myopia. Time spent outdoors is very much less as compared to the time spent in front of screens by the students. A substantial proportion of students do not appear to be aware of current concepts and the actual risk factors leading to myopia.

Non players’ embodied practices of engagement in videogaming

Using technology in interaction means actively manipulating a technological device while interacting with others, but it can also refer to a situation where one person is employing a technological device in the presence of others and therefore in a potentially interactive situation. This is, for instance, the case when one acts on a screen in the presence of other physically co-present participants. Our paper deals with a particular situation of co-presence and technology use: a couple is sitting side by side on the sofa in the living room, one is playing a single-player adventure game on a large TV screen, the other is playing another game on a tablet. For about 40 years, the concept of “active spectators” developed in media sciences has highlighted the fact that spectators “do” something. But, few studies have dealt with the interactional practices used to display this “activeness”. This paper explores the construction of spectatorship with a special focus on spectating videogaming as a particular way of using technology in the sense of spectating at what is being done with a technological device. We propose a micro-analysis of the above-mentioned gaming-situation in order to show how the non-player’s engagement in the player’s gaming is co-constructed by both participants. A particular focus was placed on gaze and gaze shifts as a resource to display togetherness and potential availability.

How to Make TV Screens Disappear: See-Through TVs Could Banish the Big Black Rectangle—at a Cost

How to Make TV Screens Disappear: See-Through TVs Could Banish the Big Black Rectangle—at a Cost

To evaluate the impact of watching a video sequence in a virtual reality helmet and on a TV screen on a person’s postural stability

The paper presents an analysis of changes in postural stability when a person is presented with a video sequence in a virtual reality helmet and from a TV screen. Postural stability was assessed using a computer stabilometer complex. Changes in the stabilometric indicators compared with control tests (before viewing) were shown for both cases (watching videos on the screen and in a virtual reality helmet). Besides, viewing a video sequence in a virtual reality helmet had a greater impact on the instability. While watching a video from a TV screen and in a virtual reality helmet, the contribution of visual information to maintaining balance in the sagittal plane decreased. However, while watching from the TV screen, the contribution of vestibular information for posture control increased. When viewed with virtual reality helmet, the contribution of somatosensory information and the cerebellum increased. The results may suggest that virtual reality requires more conscious corrective mechanisms to stabilize posture.

Gender differences in severity and parental estimation of adolescent’s pandemic-related stress in the United States

Research has consistently shown that female adolescents have experienced worse pandemic-related stress compared to males. A parent’s ability to accurately track their child’s stress levels likely increases the likelihood a problem is acknowledged and addressed as it arises. Therefore, we assessed how parents’ estimation of their adolescent children’s self-reported pandemic-related stress related to the child’s gender. We performed cross-sectional secondary analysis using the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study datasets from Wave 5 (2018–2019) and Wave 5.5 (July 2020-December 2020) among respondents aged 12–17. We conducted four logistic regression models to explore the relationship between child gender and parental underestimation of their child’s pandemic-related stress. We controlled for sociodemographic factors and personal characteristics associated with pandemic-related stress including, whether the adolescent had been diagnosed with COVID-19, the extent social distancing measures were practiced, school performance, previous year anxiety, depression, and overall mental health ratings, sleep trouble, TV screen time, and past year substance use. Even when controlling for these factors, female child gender was significantly and positively associated with parental underestimation of their child’s pandemic-related stress (Underestimated stress: OR = 1.25 95% CI = [1.07–1.46]). Informing parents that female adolescents were significantly more likely to have their levels of pandemic-related stress underestimated at home may encourage parents to take extra effort when checking in on their daughters’ mental health needs, which in turn may lead to more female adolescents receiving the familial and professional support they require.

Socioeconomic position during pregnancy and pre-school exposome in children from eight European birth cohort studies

Distribution of environmental hazards and vulnerability to their effects vary across socioeconomic groups. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between child socioeconomic position (SEP) at birth and the external exposome at pre-school age (0–4 years).This study included more than 60,000 children from eight cohorts in eleven European cities (Oslo, Copenhagen, Bristol, Bradford, Rotterdam, Nancy, Poitiers, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia and Turin). SEP was measured through maternal education and a standardised indicator of household income. Three child exposome domains were investigated: behavioral, diet and urban environment. We fitted separate logistic regression model for each exposome variable - dichotomised using the city-specific median - on SEP (medium/low vs high) adjusting for maternal age, country of birth and parity. Analyses were carried out separately in each study-area.Low-SEP children had, consistently across study-areas, lower Odds Ratios (ORs) of breastfeeding, consumption of eggs, fish, fruit, vegetables and higher ORs of TV screen time, pet ownership, exposure to second-hand smoke, consumption of dairy, potatoes, sweet beverages, savory biscuits and crisps, fats and carbohydrates. For example, maternal education-breastfeeding OR (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) ranged from 0.18 (0.14–0.24) in Bristol to 0.73 (0.58–0.90) in Oslo. SEP was also strongly associated with the urban environment with marked between-city heterogeneity. For example, income-PM2.5 OR (95%CI) ranged from 0.69 (0.47–1.02) in Sabadell to 2.44 (2.16–2.72) in Oslo.Already at pre-school age, children with lower SEP have consistently poorer diets and behaviours, which might influence their future health and wellbeing. SEP-urban environment relationships are strongly context-dependent.

Body dissatisfaction and associated factors in normal weight adolescents

BACKGROUND: Body dissatisfaction is widespread and is associated with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem. There is very little research on body dissatisfaction in normal weight adolescents, who make up the majority of all adolescents. AIM: to establish the prevalence, degree, direction and factors associated with body dissatisfaction among adolescents with normal body weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included tenth-graders of general education schools (n = 244, 64.3% girls), who underwent anthropometry and filled out questionnaires that included socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Collins scales were used to assess body dissatisfaction, and the Russian version of the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire (Lyon, France), was used to assess health-related quality of life. Self-esteem scores were obtained from the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. RESULTS: The desire to have silhouettes different from the actual ones was reported by 57% of adolescents. 39.8% of adolescents had mild body dissatisfaction, moderate and severe — 17.2%. The frequency and degree of body dissatisfaction was comparable in adolescents of both sexes. Boys were much more likely than girls to consider themselves too thin and wanted to gain weight (49.4%), while 51.6% of schoolgirls would like to lose weight. Body dissatisfaction, even mild, was associated with significantly lower self-esteem. Moreover moderate/severe body dissatisfaction has been associated with a decline in all aspects of quality of life. In addition, significant associations of body dissatisfaction and the length of time on the Internet / social networks and at TV screens were established. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study substantiate the approach to body dissatisfaction as a problem that requires active identification and directed impact, and determine possible areas of preventive work with adolescents.

Negative corona discharge strategy for efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes.

In colloid quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), the control of interface states between ZnO and quantum dots (QDs) plays a vital role. We present a straightforward and efficient method using a negative corona discharge to modify the QD film, creating a dipole moment at the interface of QDs and magnesium-doped ZnO (ZnMgO) for balanced charge carrier distribution within the QDs. This process boosts external quantum efficiencies in red, green, and blue QLEDs to 17.71%, 14.53%, and 9.04% respectively. Notably, optimized devices exhibit significant enhancements, especially at lower brightness levels (1000 to 10,000 cd·m-2), vital for applications in mobile displays, TV screens, and indoor lighting.

Media use and attitudes towards screens in children aged 36-72 months; a cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Introduction: The age at which children are introduced to media devices is becoming increasingly earlier. Studies regarding the media habits of young children have gained importance. The aim of the study was to describe the screen media habits (age of introduction media, time spend with screen, popular choices) of preschool children and to explore their relationship with household characteristics. Population and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study; the parents of children aged 36-72 months who attended childcare centers in Kayseri, a central Anatolian city in Türkiye, completed a questionnaire on media habits of families and children. Results: There were 858 questionaires included. The proportion of children using screen media more than 2 h/day was 28%; 36% of children were introduced to media devices before the age of two. The most frequently used media tool was television (95%) and the program watched was cartoons for TV (86.7%). Children of highly educated parents had shorter TV, computer and smartphone screen time (p = 0.012, p = 0.007, p <0.01 for mother and p = 0.049, p = 0.032, p = 0.04 for father respectively). Introducing books in the first 6 months was associated with shorter daily screen time (p = 0.011, p = 0.009, p = 0.002 for TV, computer and smartphone ,respectively). Parent's time spent on TV was positively correlated with children's time spent on TV (p <0.05, r = 0.354). Conclusion: Parents' education levels, parents' screen time and introducing book in early age was related to children's media habits. Comprehensive studies are needed to explain this relationship more clearly.

Offistretch: camera-based real-time feedback for daily stretching exercises

AbstractIn this paper, we present OffiStretch, a camera-based system for optimal stretching guidance at home or in the workplace. It consists of a vision-based method for real-time assessment of the user’s body pose to provide visual feedback as interactive guidance during stretching exercises. Our method compares the users’ actual pose with a pre-trained target pose to assess the quality of stretching for a number of different exercises. We utilize angular and spatial pose features to perform this comparison for each individual exercise. The result of this pose assessment is presented to the user as real-time visual feedback on an "augmented mirror" display. As our method relies simply on a single RGB camera, it can be easily utilized in everyday training scenarios. We validate our method in a user study, comparing users’ performance and motivation in stretching when receiving audio-visual guidance on a TV screen both with and without our live feedback. While participants performed equally well in both conditions, feedback boosted their motivation to perform the exercises, highlighting its potential for increasing users’ well-being. Moreover, our results suggest that participants preferred stretching exercises with our live feedback over the condition without the feedback. Finally, an expert evaluation with professional physiotherapists reveals that further work must target improvements of the feedback to ensure correct guidance during stretching.

The Impact of Online Streaming Platforms on the Film Industry and Film-Viewing Culture in Malaysia

Technology changes the look of the film industry, particularly regarding marketability through online streaming platforms. Online streaming provides a second option for viewers, which has altered Malaysia’s film-viewing culture. This difference is significant between watching movies on TV screens and in cinemas, regulated and filtered by the Film Censorship Board (Lembaga Penapisan Filem, LPF), compared to streaming online via platforms not bound by LPF regulations. Through qualitative and library research methods, this study examined the development and changes in film-viewing culture in Malaysia and the relevant acts. The Culture of the Streaming Model was used as a guide to explore the development and changes in film-viewing culture in the Malaysian film industry. In conclusion, the changes brought about by the advances in technology have significant implications for the film industry, particularly ensuring that inappropriate content does not reach young people.

EFFICIENT URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH IOT

This design introduces a comprehensive waste operation system exercising an Arduino microcontroller, uniting colorful detectors and selectors to efficiently handle and cover scrap disposal. Employing two ultrasonic detectors, it gauges scrap situations for scheduling waste collection, while a soil humidity detector ensures optimal conditions for waste separation. Integration of a servo motor enables effective isolation of dry and wet waste into separate lockers. Safety measures are heightened with a gas detector monitoring dangerous emigrations during processing, and an IR detector initiating waste operation upon object discovery. Visual feedback via an TV screen and audible cautions from a buzzer enhance stoner commerce, while a GSM module enables remote monitoring and SMS announcements for effective waste collection and issue resolution. This intertwined system not only streamlines waste disposal but also promotes environmental sustainability and safety through real- time monitoring and responsive cautions. Key Words: Arduino, Micro regulator, Ultrasonic detectors, Soil humidity detector, Servo motor, Gas detector IR detector, TV screen, GSM module.

Visual Snow Syndrome in Patient with Migraine: Case Report and Literature Review.

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rarely diagnosed neurological phenomenon. It is a visual disorder characterised by the presence of numerous white, black, or translucent dots in the visual field, resembling the 'snow' of an analogue TV set experiencing reception interference. According to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, visual snow is defined as a pattern of continuous small dots across the visual field lasting >3 months and accompanied by at least two of the following four additional symptoms: palinopsia, increased entoptic phenomena, photophobia, and nyctalopia. These complaints are not consistent with a typical migraine with visual aura and cannot be better explained by another disorder. The authors present the case of a 39-year-old woman who was diagnosed with VSS. The symptoms appeared after a migraine attack and had not alleviated. The patient reported a sensation of constant 'TV screen snow'. A neurological examination found no signs of focal damage to the nervous system. The results of the ophthalmological examination, MRI of the brain with contrast, MRI of the eye sockets, and EEG were normal. VSS is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood, different from migraine aura and associated with a number of additional symptoms. VSS is very difficult to treat. In this case, a lot of drugs were used without improvement. Further research must be conducted to determine the best treatment options for these patients.

Covid Looming between Poetic Lines, behind Ambulance Windows and in the Margins of Screens

This article analyses a selection of poems written during the 2020 pandemic and which all look at the Covid from a distance: the virus is represented (and circulated) by passing ambulances whose swiftness and opaque windows block all visual access to the suffering patient that lies inside. In these poems, the ambulance is therefore much more than a mere emergency vehicle: it tends to become a “vehicle” in the metaphorization of vulnerable existence as an urgent race. In other poems, the virus is evoked, glimpsed at, on a TV or phone screen, within the limits of the transiently shiny rectangles. In both situations, the presence of the virus is hence merely evoked or only metonymically suggested, and yet it is blaring, for it is everywhere in everyone’s mind. A selection of poems by various poets – Simon Armitage, Deborah Harvey, Keith Hutson, Greg Rappleye, Jacqueline Saphra, Alan Shapiro and David Tait – hence reveals how spectators of passing ambulances or of news feeds turn out to be at once drawn and deterred, their eyes both allured and frustrated. Standing safely at a politically imposed distance, these unusual spectators of unusual performances, imagine, fear, hope or despair, in any case somehow empathise.Poets here studied have managed to spectacularize an impossible spectacle—to embrace the imposed distance and seize the ambiguous tensions there at stake.

Effects of Television Screen Exposure on the Mental Health of Middle-aged and Older Adults

To explore the relationship between the duration of TV screen exposure and mental illnesses in middle-aged and older adults. The study was based on a cohort of 500 000 participants from UK Biobank. A prospective cohort of participants with TV screen exposure was established based on the exposure factor of the participants' daily TV watching time. The outcome was defined as psychological problem-related outcomes. The follow-up period extended from the time of baseline assessment of the participants to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of suicide attempts and mental illnesses in the population covered by the study. A total of 410 946 participants were followed up for an average of 10.8 years and 33 071 of them experienced an outcome events. Compared with the group of participants who had 0-1 h of daily TV time, the group of participants who watched TV for more than 5 h per day had an HR of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-1.44). In stratified analysis, we found that, compared with individuals aged 45 years and over, individuals who were 38-44 years old were at a higher risk of developing mental illness when they watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15). Long periods of outdoor activities reduced the risk of mental illness for individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16-1.37). Having less than 5 hours of sleep increased the mental health risks of individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.34-1.81) and when sleep duration increased, TV watching showed decreased impact on mental health risks (>5 h HR dropped from 1.56 to 1.19). Our findings suggest that TV viewing for long periods of time increases the risk of mental illness. Increaseing outdoor activity time and sleep time reduces the negative impact of watching TV on mental health.

Association of screen use trajectories from early childhood with cognitive development in late childhood: The EDEN mother–child cohort

Screen use has been related to children's cognitive development, but more evidence from longitudinal studies is needed. We investigated the association of screen use trajectories from age 2 to 11–12 years and cognitive development at 11–12 years in 459 children from the EDEN cohort. Parents reported how frequently TV was on during family meals at age 2, 3, 5 and 8 years and children's screen time at the same ages up to 11–12 years. Intellectual abilities were derived from subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 11–12 years. Trajectories of screen time and TV on during family meals were identified and examined in relation with intellectual abilities using multivariable linear regression models. Four screen time trajectories were identified: low (11%), average (50%), high (32%), and very high (6%) user. The three trajectories of TV on during family meals were never (41%), sometimes (34%), and often/always (25%). Screen time trajectories were not associated with intellectual abilities at 11–12 years. TV on sometimes (vs never), but not often/always, during family meals was associated with reduced non-verbal and general intellectual abilities. Future studies need to consider the context of screen use, not just the time.

A17Digital patient simulation versus patient actors – what do participants prefer?

Nottinghamshire Healthcare Medical Education delivers simulation-based learning to over 500 medical students and junior doctors each year. The scenarios for these sessions are co-produced and delivered with a simulated patient actor. In January 2023, we introduced a new type of simulation allowing participants to interact with a digital patient. The AVATr digital patient received good feedback delivered remotely [1], but we intended to use it face to face. Our aim was to find out whether participants found the digital patient more or less useful than the patient actor. A secondary aim was to explore if the digital patient was helpful in preparing for simulation with a patient actor. The digital patient simulation was delivered in the morning of a full-day session to a cohort of F2 doctors. Participants sat on a chair in front of a green screen with a go-pro filming them. Participants were able to see themselves in a third-person perspective on a TV screen and interact with a digital patient. The digital patient was controlled by a facilitator who chose responses from a grid depending on what had been asked and how it had been asked. The participants experienced two scenarios – one around assessing psychosis and one on adult self-harm. The participants also had a simulation later that day with a patient actor. We collected qualitative and quantitative feedback via digital forms and analysed the results. Ninety-two participants attended the sessions between January 2023 and March 2023. 70% of participants Agreed or Strongly agreed that the virtual patient was useful, compared to 100% for the patient actor. If facilitator familiarity with technology was adjusted for 68% of participants, Agreed or Strongly agreed the digital patient was useful. Eighty-six per cent of participants believed that digital patient simulation helped them prepare for the patient actor simulation. Total numbers in Clustered bar graph comparing Likert-scale responses to the statements The Virtual Patient was useful and The Patient Actor was useful We found that whilst participants overwhelming preferred simulation with a patient actor to simulation with a digital patient, the digital patient played a role in helping prepare participants for simulation with a patient actor. Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.

Screen time in the development of cardiovascular diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background and aimsCoronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are three common cardiovascular diseases that are closely associated with metabolic activity. The global incidence and prevalence of these conditions are on the rise, primarily due to unhealthy lifestyles, aging populations, and the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Excessive screen time has emerged as a potential risk factor for various adverse health outcomes, although limited research has explored its relationship with cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methods and resultsA Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted, employing exposure-associated genetic variants as instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship between screen time use and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized as pooled data for the genetic variable instrument, investigating the association between screen use duration and three types of cardiovascular diseases: coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Through the MR analysis, it was revealed that the use of mobile phones and TV screens exhibited a significant causal association with the occurrence of CAD, heart failure, and IHD. However, no significant association was observed between the use of computers and these three types of cardiovascular diseases. ConclusionOur study suggests that excessive screen time use is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it should be noted that the consequences of screen time can vary depending on the reasons and purposes for its use. Implementing reasonable control over screen time, particularly for entertainment purposes, holds promise as a potential approach to mitigating cardiovascular disease.

The Impact of a Family-Friendly Hospital: A Patient Perspective.

When a seriously ill and dying parent is hospitalized, the families are at risk of developing problems. Only sparse evidence is available on the effects of creating family-friendly rooms in hospitals. This study investigates how a seriously ill parent to children aged 0-18 experiences staying in a hospital room with family-friendly furnishing. From September 2012 to September 2015, seriously ill and dying patients with children ages 0-18 were offered the opportunity to stay in a family-friendly room at the North Denmark Regional Hospital. The sick parents were interviewed about how the changed room impacted themselves, their children, and their family. The analysis led to three themes: (1) The ability to visit a sick parent, (2) maintaining family functions and relationships, and (3) room for children and adults. By offering the families a hospital room with cozy furniture and a big TV screen, seriously ill parents see that their children are more comfortable when visiting the hospital. A family-friendly hospital is not just an idealistic thought, it is a real opportunity to improve the final period of a dying parent's life.