Turkish Form Research Articles

Adaptation of General Scales of Phubbing and Being Phubbed into Turkish

Son yıllarda araştırmalara konu olan sosyotelizm; bireyin başka bireylerle iletişimi sırasında dikkatini akıllı telefona vermesi, akıllı telefonla ilgilenmesi ve algısını kişilerarası iletişimden kaçırması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bir sosyotelist ile etkileşimde bulanan başka bir bireyin, sosyotelistin kendisi ile ilgilenmeyip telefonu ile ilgilenmesi, sosyal etkileşim gerçekleşmesi gereken herhangi bir ortamda etkili vakit geçiremeyip durumdan olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olması da sosyotelizme maruz kalma olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Genel Sosyotelist Olma (GSO) ve Genel Sosyotelizme Maruz Kalma (GSMK) ölçeklerinin Türkçeleştirilmesi çalışması yürütülmüştür. Ölçek uyarlamanın çeviri sürecinde dört uzman ve sekiz öğretmen adayı, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sürecinde ise yaş ve cinsiyet açısından çeşitlendirilmiş 180 gönüllü katılımcı yer almıştır. Veri toplama araçları Chotpitayasunondh ve Douglas (2018a) tarafından geliştirilen GSO ve GSMK ölçeklerinin Türkçeleştirilmiş formlarıdır. Toplanan veriler doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile çözümlenerek sözü edilen ölçeklerin Türkçeye uyarlanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. GSO ölçeğinin özgün ölçekte öne sürülen dört faktör 15 maddeden oluşan yapısı doğrulanmıştır (χ2/sd= 1.99, p<0.001, RMSEA= 0.07, SRMR= 0.06, NFI= 0.92, CFI= 0.96, GFI= 0.89). Benzer biçimde GSMK ölçeğinin özgün formunda öne sürülen üç faktör 22 maddeden oluşan yapısı doğrulanmıştır (χ2/sd= 2.04, p<0.001, RMSEA= 0.08, SRMR= 0.07, NFI= 0.90, CFI= 0.95, GFI= 0.82). Ölçekler için yol diyagramlarında tanımlanan yollar, t ve R2 değerleri anlamlıdır (αGSO= 0.78, αGSMK= 0.87).

Rotterdam Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

The aim of this study is to adapt the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Pekaar and others (2017) to Turkish. The study was carried out with 487 teachers working in the city center of Antalya in the 2017-2018 educational year. The scale was first translated into Turkish and after the linguistic validity procedures, the pre-application was made and the scale has become ready to use. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a structure which explains about 68% of the variance with sufficient load value under four factors was obtained as in the original scale. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis conducted in order to confirm the four-factor structure, the scale structure was confirmed. For the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was calculated as .91 for self-focused emotion appraisal dimension, .91 for other-focused emotion appraisal dimension, .89 for self-focused emotion regulation dimension, .93 for other-focused emotion regulation dimension and .94 for the generalized scale. According to these results, it can be said that the Turkish form of Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale is valid and reliable.

The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes: Translation, Validity and Reliability Study

This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes. 220 athletes including 111 females and 109 males from seventeen different sports branches participated in the study. The age mean of the participants was found to be 19.76±1.05. The sporting age mean was found to be 7.11±2.96. Data was collected by using The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes (8), Perceived Stress Scale (9, 11). The factor structure was analyzed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in AMOS. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyze factor-factor relationship and criterion-related validity. The method of translation-back translation was used for the translation of the scale into Turkish. The results of the factor analysis displayed that 5-factor model had acceptable fit indices ( CFI=.83, SRMR=.07, RMSEA=.07 ). The 5-factor scale including the subscales of prolonged reactivity, reactivity to work overload, reactivity to social conflict, reactivity to social evaluation, and reactivity to failure had the same factor structure in Turkish athletes. Consequently, it can be said that The Turkish form of the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes is valid and reliable.

Kültürel Mizaha yönelik Etik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlaması

Bu araştırmada, Kültürel Mizaha Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin (KMTÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması kapsamında geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada çeviri çalışması, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, iç tutarlılık katsayısı, test-tekrar test yöntemleri, ikinci aşamada doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum geçerlik çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasına 268, ikinci aşamasına 308 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, KMTÖ’nin toplam varyansın %33.7’sinin açıklandığı görülmüştür. Ölçek maddelerinin faktör yüklerinin .41- .74 arasında değiştiği görülmektedir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda kabul edilebilir bir uyum iyiliğine sahip olduğu söylenebilir (χ2=284.35, sd=84, χ2/sd=3.38, p=0.00, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06, GFI = .89, AGFI = .86, CFI = .96, NNFI = .95, IFI = .96). KMTÖ’nin güvenirliği için iç tutarlılık katsayısı .84, test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı .77 olarak bulunmuştur. KMTÖ’nin uyum geçerliği kapsamında Empatik eğilim Ölçeği (.45), ile korelasyon katsayıları incelenmiştir. KMTÖ’nin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu söylenebilir.

Adaptation of Teachers’ ICT Integration Proficiency Scale into Turkish

The purpose of the present study is to explore validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of the “Teachers’ ICT Integration Proficiency Scale (TIPS)” developed by Hsu (2017) from National Taiwan University. After the translation stages of the Turkish form, it was applied to a total of 362 teachers from different branches employed by different school types. The construct and concurrent validity were used to determine the validity of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis completed for construct validity observed the Turkish form of the scale had 5 dimensions and that this model had good fit (χ2=151.58, SD=53, RMSEA=0.08, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.88, CFI=0.95, NFI=0.91, NNFI=0.96). For concurrent validity, there were significant correlations observed between TIPS and TICTS. The Cronbach alpha coefficient and item-total correlations were examined to determine the reliability of the scale. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficients for the dimensions of the scale of preparation (α = .77), production (α = .83), instruction (α = .90), development (α = .79) and issues (α = .79) were determined to have sufficient reliability. The correlation coefficients between the items and total of the Turkish form of the scale were found to vary from 0.37 to 0.69. These results show that the Turkish form of the scale is a valid and reliable scale.

ÖRGÜTSEL İÇERME ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE FORMUNUN GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Bu çalışmanın amacı Örgütsel İçerme Ölçeğinin Türkçe literatüründe geçerlik ve güvenirlik araştırmasının yapılmasıdır. Örgütsel içerme; literatürde bireyin üyesi olduğu grubu/örgütün bireyde aidiyet duygusu ile diğerlerinden farklı olma gereksinimlerini optimal derecede dengeleme derecesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Araştırmanın Türkçe alan yazında kullanıma uygunluğu çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. İç tutarlılık güvenirliği α= 0.924 olarak belirlenen ölçekte keşfedici (açımlayıcı) faktör analizi sonucunda faktör yükleri %45,63 ile %27,79 arasında değişen ve ölçeğin orijinal yapısından faklı olan 2 faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, keşfedici (açımlayıcı) faktör analiz sonuçları doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile de test edilmiş; test güvenirliği yüksek olan 2 faktörlü yapıya sahip Örgütsel İçerme ölçeğinin Türkçe alan yazında kullanıma uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Reliability and Validity of a Turkish Version of the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to perform validity and reliability examination of the Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire, and to investigate whether this scale is a measurement tool for evaluation of psychological flexibility levels in a sample of patients with diabetes in Turkey. MethodsThis study was conducted with 105 patients. Turkish forms of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-II), Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) and Turkish form of Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (TAADQ) were applied. SPSS 20.0 and AMOS was used in statistical analysis. Results56.12% of the patients were female and the mean of age was 54 (SD=±9.9) years. The mean duration of education was found 7.65 (SD=3.97) years. 74.8% of the patients most of whom (83.3%, n=85) had diabetes mellitus and the mean glycemic control calculated with HbA1c was 8.02±1.91. According to the final fit indices, we found that the revised and corrected 9-item model was superior over the previous model. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of TAADQ was found as 0.836. ConclusionTAADQ is a valid and reliable assessment tool in Turkish population. So TAADQ will be a powerfull tool in assessing psychological flexibility in diabetes patients.

The Alevi question and the limits of citizenship in Turkey

ABSTRACTThe Alevi question in Turkey is not only about a manifestation of the demands for religious freedoms and pluralism but also an issue of citizenship at least for the last three decades. This article argues that as a result of the rise of the Alevi identity and collective capacity of the Alevis to formulate demands in the national and international public spheres, the issue has increasingly turned to a matter of struggle for the long-denied equal citizenship rights of the Alevis in Turkey. Expected failure of workshops process, namely Alevi Opening, during the second term of the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) period increasingly brought a sense of the disappointment among the Alevi organizations due to the fact that the issue was not managed with a perspective based on equal citizenship rights but with a discussion on the authenticity and originality of the Alevi demands. Enduring silence for the solution of the Alevi question in the last decade would lead Alevi organizations to the search for the extension of the self-creation of the survival mechanisms without the state support. This paper, within these considerations, is based on the demands of the Alevi society in Turkey and their struggle for the legal recognition, which increasingly challenged the Turkish form of secularism and citizenship regimes today.

Adapting the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence to Turkish

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence Scale developed by Kumar and Mehta (2011) into Turkish and to examine its reliability and validity. Data have been collected from four different study groups involving a total of 1,098 high school students (440 females and 658 males). In Turkey, the exploratory factor analysis of the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence’s original structure, which consists of six factors, only appears to have occurred in four cases. The goodness-of-fit statistics obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed on one sample using this structure are X2 = 335.17, SD = 145 (X2 / SD = 2.33), RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.049, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.91. Whether or not a statistically significant difference exists in the scores for the lower and upper 27th-percentile groups was examined in order to look at the discriminators of the scale; a statistically significant difference has been detected in favor of the upper segment. As a result of the criterion validity study, a significant positive correlation has been found between the Scale for Spiritual Intelligence and the Meaning in Life Scale (Demirbaş, 2010). According to the obtained linguistic equivalence results, the Turkish form of the scale is seen to be equivalent to the original English form. Cronbach’s alphas of internal consistency and reliability were calculated as .86 and .85 for both samples. Research results reveal the Turkish form of Scale for Spiritual Intelligence to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in scientific studies to be carried out in Turkey.

Zihinsel Durum Kavramsal Öğrenme Envanterinin Türkçe ye Uyarlanma Çalışması

The aim of this research was to adapt the Mental State Conceptual Learning Inventory (MSCLI) developed by Liu, Hou, Chiu and Treagust (2014) into Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability studies. The original language of the inventory is English and it consists of 40 items. For the adaptation study, the inventory was translated into Turkish and linguistic equivalence was provided. Opinions of experts were obtained for content validity and the study was conducted with 862 high school students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to provide the construct validity and it was determined that the most satisfactory goodness of fit indices was obtained by the model which is consisting of 30 items and four sub-dimensions [χ2(397, n= 862) = 1902.75, p<.000, RMSEA= 0.066, GFI= 0.87, CFI= 0.94, NNFI= 0.94, χ2/sd≤5]. Factor loadings of the items were statistically significant and ranged from .30 to .84. The Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient was calculated as .841 for emotion sub-dimension; .788 for intention sub-dimension; .703 for internal mental representation sub-dimension; .813 for external mental representation sub-dimension and .899 for the inventory. As a result, it could be stated that the Turkish form of the Mental State Conceptual Learning Inventory is a valid and reliable scale.

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlamak ve geçerlik, güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Araştırma üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sırasıyla birinci aşamasına 326, ikinci aşamasına 278, üçüncü aşamasına 57 gönüllü üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. İlk aşamada çeviri çalışması, açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, uyum geçerliği ve güvenirlik, üçüncü aşamada ise test-tekrar test sonuçları incelenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin toplam varyansının %38.6’sının açıklandığını görülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda uyarlanan ölçeğin iyi uyum iyiliğine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ölçeğin uyum geçerliği Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği ile incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı .88, test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı .77olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum Ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir.

Investigation of Hyperactivity and Attention Deficit of University Students Who Do Sport Regularly and Do Not Do Sport in Terms Of Some Variances

Introduction: Hyperactivity and attention deficit are situations which have been seen in individuals recently and affect both academic and life quality of individual negatively. The aim of this study is to determine hyperactivity and attention deficit level of university student who sport regularly and do not sport.Method: Carried out with scanning model, this study was applied to 353 students, who continue their education at Yuzuncu Yil University during 2017/2018 academic year, including 208 students who sport regularly and 145 students who do not sport. Reliability and validity of Turkish form of WHO’s Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) was carried out by Dogan et. al. (2009). As statistical method, as well as descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis H test for multiple comparisons and Mann-Whitney U test for paired comparisons were used in the situations in which normality and homogeneity of variances were not provided. p&lt;0.05 was determined as significance level.Findings: When attention deficit (p&lt;0.01) and hyperactivity (p&lt;0.05) levels in those who do sport and those who do not do sport were examined, significant difference was found in favor of those who do sport. In examination of hyperactivity levels and attention deficit in terms of academic success, it was found that there was a significant difference in favor of those who have higher academic success (p&lt;0.05). When hyperactivity levels and attention deficit were analyzed in terms of participants’ sheltering status, a significant difference was seen in favor of those who stay in a house far from their family (p&lt;0.05). A significant difference in terms of high school from which participants graduated and in terms of their parents’ education level (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: It has been seen that hyperactivity levels and attention deficit of university students are related to many factors. Today, intensely usage of technology affects individuals negatively. Moreover, it has been found that attention deficit and hyperactivity levels are high in those individuals who do not do sport regularly.

The Validity and Reliability Study of The Fear of Intimacy Scale's Turkish Form

The Validity and Reliability Study of The Fear of Intimacy Scale's Turkish Form

The Standardization of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory in the Turkish Language and Testing Its Validity and Reliability

Despite its importance as a psychological construct, narcissism have been inconsistently defined and measured across studies. Overly narrow construct definition of pathological narcissism and insufficient measurement lead Pincus et al. (2009) to develop Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). Which is a multidimensional measure of pathological narcissism that assesses both overt and covert expressions of narcissistic vulnerability. The aim of this study was to adapt PNI into Turkish language and investigate the validity and reliability indicators. The Turkish version of Pathological Narcissism Inventory was applied to 518 (205 male) university students. Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients were calculated. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyzes have been carried out to determine the factors. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Bell Object Relations and Reality Assessment Scale (BORRTI) object relational form were used for evaluation of validity. The Cronbach alpha is .93 for the total score, and test-retest reliability is r= .91. The principal components analysis revealed 6 factors explaining 50.24% of the variance. According to the structural equality model, fit indices indicate valid and reliable models. Analyses revealed significant correlation coefficients with NPI and BORRTI. The validity and reliability indicators of PNE Turkish form were within an acceptable range and PNE can be used for further studies.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test in Turkish Samples

Implicit affect is a concept distinct from explicit affect as it describes the affect processed by the individual at a preconscious level. The aim of this research is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT-TR), originally developed by Quirin et al. (2009a) to measure affect indirectly. The study data comprised of psychology and sociology students from Ege University, and full-time and part-time employees from public and private organizations in Izmir. A pilot study was carried out with a group of 57 undergraduate students in order to select the artificial words to be used in the scale. Subsequently the scale was sent to a total of 938 participants, comprising 569 students and 369 employees. Test-retest reliability was assessed with 46 participants after a one-week interval and with 55 participants after a four-week interval. The principal components analysis showed a clear twofactor structure for the IPANAT-TR. The internal consistency scores were 0.92 for Implicit Positive Affect (IPA) and 0.85 for Implicit Negative Affect (INA). The one-week and four-week interval test retest reliability estimates varied between 0.51 and 0.75. The construct validity assessments showed that the expected relationships between the IPANAT-TR and tested constructs were mostly confirmed. The results of measurement invariance analysis showed that the IPANAT-TR has full measurement invariance across employee and student samples. The results of the reliability, validity and measurement invariance analyses carried out in the current study demonstrated that the IPANAT-TR is a reliable and valid measurement instrument to assess implicit affect.

The validity and reliability of the Turkish Form of Recovery Process Inventory

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Recovery Pro-cess Inventory with a sample of people who have been diagnosed with mental illness. Methods: The study used a methodological design. Its sample included 220 people who have been diagnosed with mental illness. At first, the linguistic validity and the content validity methods were done. The scale’s applicability and understandability was pilot tested. The data of the study were obtained from June 2018 to August 2018 by the Information Form, the Reco-very Process Inventory (RPI) and the WHOQOL-8 Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-8 QLS) validity and reliability analyses were done. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.13±12.07 years, 58.6% were women, 95.4% had health insurance, 50.5% of them do not work, 57.3% live with spouses and children, 48.6% have depression and 29.5% have anxiety disorder, 79.5% were not hospitalized. The mean score of the WHOQOL-8 QLS was 25.60±5.06 (range: 14-36). The KMO value subscales is seen that the sample is able to produce factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha according to the subscale; 1) connected to others 0.54; 2) recovery/self-esteem 0.72; 3) living situation 0.67; 4) anguish 0.65; 5) others care/help 0.05; 6) hopeful/cares for self is 0.21. Item 7 (I do not take care of myself in any way) and item 10 (I get on with my life when I have hope) in the hopeful/cares for self-subscale reduced the value of Cronbach’s alfa because these items were not culturally appropriate the Turkish population. Discussion: As a result of the validity and reliability analyses, it was determined that the RPI is a valid and reliable scale to measure subjective recovery in individuals who are diagnosed with mental illness. It has been suggested that the RPI should be applied to wider sample groups to investigate the instability of individuals who are diagnosed with mental illness.

Effects of adverse childhood events over metacognitions, rumination, depression and worry in healthy university students

Aim: Adverse childhood experiences observed the various physical and mental problems that emerged in the later periods of life were found to be significantly associated. The aim of this study is to compare anxiety and depression, rumination and metacognitions of individuals who experienced adverse childhood events and individuals with no adverse childhood events, even though they do not develop any psychopathology. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 275 university students who were applied SCID-I and SCID-II and no psychopathology. Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Turkish Form (ACE-TR), Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), Positive-Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale, Penn State Worry Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Beck Depression Inventory were applied to volunteers who met the criteria of inclusion in the study. Results: Participant with ACE-TR score greater than 0, ‘Negative Beliefs about Uncontrollability and Danger’, ‘Lack of Cognitive Confidence’, ‘Need to Control Thoughts’, ‘Cognitive Self Consciousness’ and total scores were statistically higher than those with ACE-TR score 0. The participant with ACE-TR scores greater than 0 had RTSQ, PBRS, NBRS, NBRS -1, PSWQ, GAD-7 and BDI scores were statistically higher than those with ACE-TR score 0. Discussion: Even though negative childhood experiences do not lead to psychopathology, they may trigger the emergence of dysfunctional metacognitions which leads to more anxiety and rumination and make the individual vulnerable for further stressful life events and might decrease resilience.

The Validity and Reliability of the Trypophobia Questionnaire Turkish Form

It was aimed in this study to translate the 19-item Trypophobia Questionnaire (TQ) to Turkish and determine its psychometric reliability and validity. The study included 154 volunteers consisting of the students and employees of Bezmialem Vakıf University, and their family members. The Sociodemographic Questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the Turkish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for axis-1 disorders (SCID-I) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- IV-TR), the Turkish versions of the Disgust Sensitivity Scale-Revised Form (DS-R-TR) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A-TR) were used. Turkish Trypophobia Questionnaire (TQ-TR) discriminated between healthy and phobic individuals. Factor analysis on the TQ-TR resulted in a single factor structure as in the original study. The TQTR showed a high level of internal consistency with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.955. TQ-TR is a valid and reliable psychometric tool to assess trypophobia in the Turkish population.

The validity and reliability study of the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised- Turkish Version in autism spectrum disorder

Objective: One of the diagnosis criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is repetitive behaviors and the severity of the repetitive behaviors is an important variable in identifying the severity of the disorder as well. In the current study the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R-TV), which is used to assess the severity and types of re-petitive behaviors in individuals with ASD, is adapted to Turkish and psychometric characteristics of the Turkish form are examined. Method: The participants consisted of 292 individuals with ASD, who were 3 to 23 years old (M=240, F=52). The parents of the participant individuals were asked to fill the RBS-R-TV. The ASD diagnosis of the participants were confirmed by Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2-Turkish Form (TV-GARS-2). To measure validity of the scale; content, construct, criterion, and predictive validity analyses were conducted, and for reliability the scale’s internal consistency was examined by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Findings: The analyses showed that RBS-R-TV has good content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that it has a six factor structure, and model fit indices showed a good fit (χ2/df=2.00, RMSEA=0.059, SRMR=0.067, NNFI=0.94, CFI=0.94). Discriminant validity indicated that children with ASD had significantly higher scores than the children with intellectual disabilities in RBS-R-TV and predictive validity analysis showed that total scores obtained from RBS-R-TV significantly predicted the severity of autistic disorder. As the reliability analysis, internal consistency coefficients were between 0.73 to 0.94 for sub scales and the total score. Discussion: Analyses showed that RBS-R-TV is a valid and reliable tool for the use of diagnosticians, researchers, and educators.

Self-regulated Learning Skills: Adaptation of Scale

The aim of this study is to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of Achievement Goal Scale (AGS) originally constructed by Elliot and McGregor (2001) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale (MSLQ) originally constructed by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia and McKeachie (1991) in order to measure the self-regulated learning skills of high school students' in a chemistry course. The study group was comprised of 862 high school students attending a chemistry course in different public schools. The construct validity of the sub-scales included in the scales were tested by confirmatory factor analysis. For the reliability studies, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's alpha (α) values as well as McDonald's ω (omega) coefficients were calculated. In addition, item-total correlations were calculated for the reliability of each item in the scales. When the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, it was accepted that the fit indices met the goodness of fit criteria for both the Achievement Goal Scale and Motivated Strategies for Learning Scale. Factor loadings of the items in both scales were statistically significant. These results showed that the Turkish forms of both scales have enough psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability for a chemistry course.