Turbinaria Decurrens Research Articles

Algal polysaccharides: new perspectives for the treatment of basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases.

The objective of this review was to verify the therapeutic effect of polysaccharides derived from algae in neurodegenerative disease models involving the basal ganglia. To achieve this goal, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors "neuroprotective or neural regenerative or immunomodulatory activity or neuroprotection," "polysaccharide or carbohydrate or carbohydrate polymers," "marine algae or seaweed," and "basal ganglia" according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology were used. This methodology involved the steps of searching, pre-selection, and inclusion of articles. A total of 737 records were identified. Following the data analysis, 698 studies were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 8 studies. Species such as Turbinaria decurrens, Gracilaria cornea, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, Fucus vesiculosus, and Laminaria japonica have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects. This review suggests that polysaccharides derived from marine algae possess therapeutic potential for neuroprotection, modulation of inflammation, and amelioration of functional deficits. Their use in neurodegenerative disease models warrants further consideration.

Seaweed Diversity at Batu Lawang Beach, Sengkol Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency

Seaweed is a marine and fisheries resource that is currently widely utilized by aquaculture communities and coastal fishermen, because in addition to being easy to maintain, it also provides economic benefits. Batu Lawang beach has the potential for natural grass resources that can be developed. This can be seen from the condition of the water quality in the waters. Some types of seaweed that are cultivated are Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosum. Batu Lawang beach is an area that has a variety of macroalgae, as well as a fairly large coral reef area. Therefore, this research was carried out to find out the types of macroalgae in the Batu Lawang Beach area. The research was conducted in May-June 2024. This research location is located at Batu Lawang Beach, Gerupuk, Sengkol Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency. This research used purposive sampling method. The results of this study, seaweed that grow naturally are Acanthophora spicifera, Gracilaria verrucosa, Sargassum cristaefolium, Gracilaria coronopifolia, Valoniopsis pachynema, Ulva, K. alvarezii, Halimeda opuntia, Eucheuma spinosum, Dictyopteris dichotoma, Laurencia papillosa, Codium fragile, Padina sp., Turbinaria decurrens, Halimeda tuna, Gracilaria sp. The conclusion is the is 16 types of seaweed that grow wild, with each type containing different antioxidants and chlorophyll-a.

Isolation, structural characterization, and anti-lung cancer evaluation of fucoidan isolated from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens

ABSTRACT Fucoidan is a naturally occurring sulphate-containing polysaccharide and a major active compound in Turbinaria decurrens, a brown seaweed commonly found in the Indian Ocean. Cancer, particularly lung cancer, poses a huge health burden in terms of incidence and mortality in India and globally. This study used a hot water extraction method. The seaweed extract was cleared by ethanol precipitation, further characterized, and its efficacy tested against lung cancer in vitro. The isolated compound was purified with ion-exchange chromatography, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant properties of fucoidan are known but there are few reports about oxidative stress-mediated lung cancer relevant to Turbinaria decurrens. The purified compound was tested against the lung cancer A549 cell line in vitro, and an IC50 concentration of purified fucoidan did not show any cytotoxicity in normal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. The results showed the promising antioxidant potential of fucoidan. Mechanistically, fucoidan-induced cell cycle arrest in the S-M phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fucoidan was able to induce mitochondrial membrane damage in A549 cells. Acridine AO/EB dual staining combined with western blotting revealed that fucoidan has the potential to inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and significantly (p < 0.05) increased pro-apoptotic protein expression in A549 human lung cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory decurrencyclics A-B, two undescribed nor-dammarane triterpenes from triangular sea bell Turbinaria decurrens

Significant concerns are raised regarding the legitimacy of the spectroscopic data provided in the titled manuscript. Many of the spectra provided in the supplemental material file show signs of being purposefully manipulated. Readers of the manuscript should treat the conclusions drawn, including the structures proposed, with extreme caution.

The distribution of macroalgae in the Aceh north-western coastline

Abstract Macroalgae are polyphyletic multicellular plants that generally inhabit the littoral zone of the seashore. Aceh Province has a coastline stretching along the east, north and west ends of Sumatra Island; thus, various macroalga species may be found. This research aims to study the distribution of macroalga species at four locations on the north-western side of Aceh, including three sites in Aceh Besar District (Lhoknga, Lange, and Ujung Pancu Beaches) and one site in Banda Aceh City (Ulee Lheue Beach). Sampling was done across 50 meters of the seashore and 1 meter towards the sea. The sampling was conducted using a 1×1 meter quadrant transect method with sampling points every 10 meters. The morphology determination shows that five species of macroalga grew at Lhoknga Beach, namely Valoniopsis pachynema, Halimeda opuntia, Turbinaria decurrens, Sargassum plagiophyllum, and Padina australis. Lange Beach had three macroalgae species: Chaetomorpha linum, Laurencia obtusa, and Sargassum plagiophyllum. Meanwhile, Ujung Pancu Beach has four macroalga species: Halymenia durvillei, Turbinaria decurrens, Ulva lactuca and Sargassum plagiophyllum. At Ulee Lheue Beach, five species were found: Gracilaria edulis, Caulerpa taxifolia, Hypnea musciformis, Padina australis, and Acanthophora spicifera. In total, 13 macroalga species were distributed on Aceh’s north-western coast.

Nutritional values, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of selected edible marine macroalgae: a comparative study

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the chemical composition, nutritional values, and bioactivities of four macroalgae from the Egyptian Red Sea coasts using standard methods. Of these, three Rhodophyceae species, Digenea simplex (D. simplex), Laurencia papillosa (L. papillosa), and Galaxaura oblongata (G. oblongata), and one Phyaeophyceae species, Turbinaria decurrens (T. decurrens), were selected. The results of proximate and chemical composition analyses based on the algal dry weight (DW) showed that carbohydrate content was the highest, ranging from 32.47 ± 1.03% to 45.5 ± 1.23%. Other algal constituents, including ash, protein, moisture, sulfate, lipid, phenolics, and flavonoids, have contents that depend on the algal species. Besides, HPLC analysis revealed that each algal extract contained varying amounts of nine phenolic acids. Atomic absorption spectrometry, the HPLC-Pico-Tag method, the ion chromatography technique, and GC/MS analyses were used to determine the chemical profiles of the elemental, amino acid, halide, and fatty acid of each algal extract. Bioactivities revealed that both the •DPPH and ABTS assays showed that all the algae studied had a significant ability to scavenge free radicals in a dosage-dependent way. They also had strong selective cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2 and HCT-116 cell lines, but only weak activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. Finally, our findings suggested that the selected algae might be efficiently used as nutraceuticals and functional foods, indicating an increase in their proliferation.

Fucoidan from brown seaweed Tubinaria decurrens: Structure and structure - anticancer activity relationship

The aims of this study are to determine the structure of a fucoidan from brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens, to investigate its anticancer activity and structure–activity relationship. SEC-MALLS, IR, ESI-MS and NMR spectra analysis indicated that dominant structure of the fucoidan, with a Mw 122.6 KDa, has a backbone of (1 → 3)– and (1 → 4)–α–L–Fucp residues, branched at C–4, sulfate groups are attached at C–2, C–3 and C–4; branches are (1 → 4)–β–D–Galp residues and sulfated at C–2. The fucoidan was hydrolyzed by HCl aqueous solution to obtain hydrolyzed fucoidans. It is assumed that native and hydrolyzed fucoidans have a rod-like conformation in solution with cross–sectional radius of gyration (Rgc) ranged from 0.53 to 1.52 nm as estimated from SAXS measurements. The fucoidans show great anticancer activity against HT29 human colon cancer cell line with IC50 ranging from 5.41 ± 0.36 to 73.52 ± 2.54 μg/mL. Anticancer activity of the fucoidan could be significantly improved by lowering molecular weight, furthermore, fucoidan required small molecular weight, small molecular weight distribution and rod–like structure with a short branch length for high anticancer activity.

Investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis effects of fucoidan from a brown seaweed

Severe inflammation in joints caused by the detrimental effects of the immune system is termed Rheumatoid arthritis. The unconstrained proliferation of immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines deteriorates Synovium which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joints and cartilage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the only therapeutics for treating rheumatoid arthritis, and long-term intake causes serious side effects on the organs. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide found on the cell walls of brown algae shows bioactive potential. In our study, fucoidan was extracted from Padina pavonica (PD), Stoechospermum marginatum (StM), Spatolossum macrodontum (SpM), Dictyota bartayresiana (DD), and Turbinaria decurrens (TD) and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis activities. Fucoidan was extracted and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines, followed by in vivo anti-arthritis activity on Wistar male rats. Nitric oxide suppression was comparatively high in fucoidan from TD (IC50 − 12.93 µg/mL). Purified fucoidan from TD, significantly reduced inflammation, size of paw edema, downregulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) in CFA-induced arthritis in Wistar male rats. Biochemical parameters like SOD, CAT, GSH, GPX, and GST and haematological parameters like total-protein, albumin, haemoglobin, and RBC were upregulated, and other parameters like urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, WBC, ESR, RF, and CRP were downregulated. Histopathology of the liver, kidney, and ankle joints reveals that fucoidan intake restrained inflammation and tissue damage. Therefore, fucoidan extracted from TD is a potential candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides of Brown Seaweeds, the Red Sea, Egypt, Hurghada

Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from algae have been shown to be effective in a number of biological applications. Therefore, the chemical composition and different biological functions of various SPs were determined for three brown seaweed species from the Egyptian Red Sea: &lt;i&gt;Dictyopteris polypodioides, Polycladia myrica&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Turbinaria decurrens&lt;/i&gt;. It has been found that the yield of crude SPs was higher than that of alginate and fucoidan with a range of 43.64&amp;#37; to 61.90&amp;#37;. Fucoidan, which has the maximum carbohydrate content of 56.89&amp;#37;, was found in &lt;i&gt;D. polypodioides.&lt;/i&gt; The crude SPs of &lt;i&gt;P. myrica &lt;/i&gt;had the greatest sulfate content of 22.44&amp;#37;. All functional groups of the examined samples were confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). Experimentally, three applicable assays were used to quantify the antioxidant activity of the extracted SPs depending on the method used, the type of polysaccharides, and algal species. The anti-diabetic activity of &lt;i&gt;T. decurrens&lt;/i&gt;-crude SPs was highly active scoring 85.85&amp;#37; in the &amp;alpha;-glucosidase assay. The anti-obesity activity showed the highest value (95.25&amp;#37;) for &lt;i&gt;T. decurrens&lt;/i&gt;-fucoidan. Besides, &lt;i&gt;T. decurrens&lt;/i&gt;-crude SPs showed the highest anti-arthritic activity (89.89&amp;#37;). In addition, a few positive records of antibacterial activity were detected. Furthermore, the most potent &lt;i&gt;T. decurrens&lt;/i&gt;-crude SPs extract was tested for cytotoxicity against human liver cells and found to be safe. The activity of the isolated SPs and their chemical composition were shown to be correlated. Conclusively, the bioactivities recorded herein by the tested SPs pose promising medicinal applications towards developing a new therapeutic intervention.

Antibacterial Activity of Some Selected Marine Macro-algae from Rameswaram Coastal Region, India

Marine algae are known as source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Twenty macroalgae were collected from Mandapam cost, Gulf of Mannar, Rameswaram were tested against two-gram negative bacteria’s using agar well diffusion method. The following species were used in the current study include seven species in Chlorophyta (Caulerpa peltata, Ulva lactuca, Halimeda gracilis , Chaetomorpha aerea, Cladophora vagabunda, Enteromorpha flexuosa, Halimida macroloba), seven in Phaeophyta (Sargassum cinereum, Padina boergesenii, Sargassum cristaefolium, Turbinaria decurrens, Turbinaria conoides, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Lobophora variegate) and six in Rhodophyta (Hypnea spicefera, Solieria robusta, Porphyra indica, Ceramium rubrum, Gelidiella acerosa Gracilaria edulis). They were air-dried thoroughly and powdered using a grinder. Powdered algae were extracted using solvents such as water, ethanol and methanol. In the present study ethanol extract was found to be excellent antibacterial activity from macroalgae. Among the selected Twenty different macroalgae the red algae (Rhodophyta) showed the higher antibacterial activity followed by brown (Phaeophyta) and green (Chlorophyta) against the tested two selective negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae). This finding supports the view that algal extracts are a reliable source of bioactive compounds for upcoming medication development.

In Vitro Plant Growth Promoting Effect of Fucoidan Fractions of Turbinaria decurrens for Seed Germination, Organogenesis, and Adventitious Root Formation in Finger Millet and Eggplant

Bioactive ingredients derived from brown algae have been extensively used in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries. In this study, fucoidans of low and high molecular fractions (LMF and HMF) extracted and isolated from brown alga Turbinaria decurrens were analyzed for their efficacy on seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction, direct organogenesis, and adventitious root formation in eggplant and finger millet. The yield and sugar content of LMF were higher than HMF. FTIR confirmed that the isolated fractions containing fucoidan has more sulfate groups in HMF than in LMF. The results showed an enhanced seed germination and seedling growth in both crops. In eggplant, 1 mg/L LMF treatment showed the maximum germination (91.6%), whereas, in finger millet, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L LMF recorded a substantial increase in germination percentage (41.6 and 46%). Maximum fresh weight (FW) was noted with 1.0 mg/L LMF, and 1.0 mg/L LMF and 0.5 mg/L HMF showed maximum dry weight (DW) in eggplant. In finger millet, maximum DW was observed in 0.5 mg/L LMF and 1.0 mg/L HMF. Maximum biomass was noted in the 0.1 mg/L LMF treated group in the case of callus growth in eggplant. Similarly, the shoot tip initiation, proliferation, and plantlet regeneration were significantly improved with fucoidan LMF (0.1 mg/L). In conclusion, fucoidan extracted from T. decurrens exhibiting natural growth promoter property is reported for the first time in this study. These fucoidan fractions, LMF and HMF, can be utilized as cost-effective supplements in plant tissue culture media replacing the commercial PGRs for micropropagation.

Chemodiversity and bioactivity assessment of phlorotannins from some Phaeophyta species from the Red Sea

AbstractPhlorotannins are a unique and diverse category of secondary polyphenolic metabolites biosynthesized by brown seaweeds. They have revealed a huge potential for food and medicinal applications. In this study, five brown seaweed species were investigated: Polycladia myrica, Sirophysalis trinodis, Dictyota spiralis, Sargassum euryphyllum, and Turbinaria decurrens. All seaweed species contained considerable amounts of phlorotannins with P. myrica recording the highest content (as mg PGEs g−1 DW), followed by S. euryphyllum and then S. trinodis. The presence of phlorotannins was detected using UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis in the characterized range of 280 nm to 300 nm. All species exhibited highly significant antioxidant activity using four different techniques compared to ascorbic acid. For antidiabetic activity, the maximum α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity inhibition were recorded for P. myrica (68.79 ± 0.7%; 66.73 ± 0.5%), followed by T. decurrens (66.38 ± 0.6%; 61.34 ± 0.4%) and then D. spiralis (65.99 ± 0.5%; 60.58 ± 0.4%) compared to the acarbose standard drug (73.76 ± 0.6%; 68.38 ± 0.6%), which nominated these extracts as candidates for antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, the obtained results showed effective anti-inflammatory arthritis effects, with the maximum activity value of 86.02 ± 1.3% recorded for S. euryphyllum, followed by D. spiralis (86.23 ± 1.1%), and then P. myrica (85.94 ± 1.4%). On the other side, a low inhibition percentage of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity was recorded for different phlorotannin extracts, indicating low potentiality as anti-alzheimer materials. Moreover, the P. myrica phlorotannins’ extract showed no toxicity on the WISH normal cell line by using the MTT assay. The same extract comprised a variety of phlorotannins, viz fucophlorethol, fuhalol, and phlorethol compounds, as revealed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Graphical Abstract

Uji Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Alga Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Patogen Streptococcus Mutans

Background: Steptoccocus mutans is one of flora normal bacteria in the human body which can cause infections in the mouth cavity. Algae are plant-like organisms that may be found in a marine ecosystem. Recents studies have reported that algae contains numerous pharmacological activities compounds, such us: antibiotic, cytotoxic, antifungal, anti virus and antitumor. Purpose: this research aimed to know the antibacterial activity of algae extract against the growth of pathogen bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Algae were extracted by using aquades.The inhibition test was performed by agar diffusion method on Glucose Nutrient Agar (GNA) using three types of algae extracts: Eucheuma cottoni, Turbinaria decurrens and Ulva reticulata on the incubation period 1x24 and 2x24 hours at 37◦C. Data collection technique was based on the results of measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone (clear zone) for the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria using a caliper. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. This data analysis was processed to see if there was a difference in antibacterial power from extract algae samples. Results: U. Reticulate algae extract formed a clear zone 11.2 mm in diameter at 1x24-hour incubation, and 10.3 mm at 2x24-hour incubation. T. deccurens formed clear zones 12.7 mm in diameter at 1x24-hour incubation, and 11.4 mm at 2x24-hour incubation. E. cottonii formed clear zones 10.1 mm in diameter at 1x24-hour incubation, and 9.3 mm at 2x24-hour incubation. Conclusion: Extracts of T. decurrens have the most potential in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbes of S. mutants.

Reducing Salt (NaCl) Content of Seaweed (Turbinaria decurrens) before Being Used as Poultry Feed Ingredients

Background: Seaweed (Turbinaria decurrens) had been included 10% in broilers’ diets. However, it affected production performance of broilers due to the high in its NaCl content (11.20%). Broilers can only tolerate up to 0.5%, while ideal amount in broilers’ diets is 0.2% Na and 0.3% Cl. Thus, it is necessary to reduce NaCl content of this seaweed. Methods: This study was performed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments were immersing duration (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) of T. decurrens in running water. Measured variables were NaCl, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber contents of T. decurrens. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance of completely randomized design and differences among treatment means were detected by Duncan multiple range test. Result: Immersing duration significantly affected (P less than 0.05) all measured variables (NaCl, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber contents). Immersing duration up to 15 hours reduced NaCl, dry matter and crude fiber, but increased organic matter and crude protein contents. The best treatment for reducing NaCl of T. decurrens was by immersing it in running water for 15 hours.

KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTORS (SPF) PADA EKSTRAK METANOL Hypnea pannosa, Turbinaria decurrens, DAN Caulerpa serrulata. (PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND VALUE OF SUN PROTECTION FACTORS (SPF) IN METHANOL EXTRACTS OF Hypnea pannosa, Turbinaria decurrens, AND Caulerpa serrulata)

Seaweed grows abundantly in Indonesian waters. Seaweed is an important commodity and valuable for the cosmetic industry. The aim of this research was to determine the phytochemical content and SPF value of the methanol extract of seaweeds, namely Caulerpa serrulata, Turbinaria decurrens, and Hypnea pannosa. The sample was macerated with methanol solvent. The methanol extract of C. serrulata obtained the highest yield of 4.42 g. The results of phytochemical screening on C. serrulata, T. decurrens, and H. pannosa contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The SPF of methanol extract was analyzed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. SPF values with a concentration of 100 ppm were obtained for C. serrulata (4.80), T. deccurens (0.81), and H. pannosa (0.80). The methanol extract from C. serrulata was the highest SPF. It was categorized in the moderate protection category.

Anti-inflammatory decurrencyclics A-B, two undescribed nor-dammarane triterpenes from triangular sea bell Turbinaria decurrens

Intertidal triangular sea bell Turbinaria decurrens (Bory de Saint-Vincent) (family Sargassaceae) belongs to one of the largely abundant genus of marine brown alga. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic purification of the organic extract of T. decurrens afforded two new nor-dammarane triterpenoids named as decurrencyclic A-B. Decurrencyclic B showed superior attenuation properties against cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 13.98 μM) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 3.02 μM) in contrast with decurrencyclic A. Decurrencyclic B showed higher inhibition potential against COX-2 than that revealed by the anti-inflammatory agent, ibuprofen (IC50 70.44 μM). The higher selectivity index of decurrencyclics (1.39–1.57) acknowledged their selective attenuation property against inducible cyclooxygenase-2. In-silico molecular modeling analysis of decurrencyclic B with the inflammatory enzymes showed least binding energy of −14.55 kcal mol−1. These reports have proven that decurrencyclic B could be a potential therapeutic lead for use against inflammatory pathogenesis.

Brown and Red Marine Macroalgae as Novel Bioresources of Promising Medicinal Properties

ABSTRACT Bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae are gaining immense attention for their application as natural ingredients in various nutraceuticals and food supplements. The present study evaluated the medicinal properties of the organic extracts of four each of brown and red marine macroalgal species, using various in vitro assays. Organic extracts of brown algae of Fucophycidan subclass, such as Sargassum plagiophyllum, Turbinaria decurrens, and red alga Hydropuntia edulis, displayed potential inhibitory properties against antioxidants (IC50 0.2–0.8 mg/mL) and carbolytic enzymes (IC50 0.2–0.9 mg/mL) compared to those exhibited by other studied algae. Noticeably, organic extracts of red alga H. edulis and brown alga T. decurrens could effectively attenuate pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 0.4–0.6 mg/mL), thereby demonstrating their potential application to dissuade inflammatory pathogenesis. This study demonstrated the predominantly available brown and red macroalgae as potential marine bioresources to develop functional food candidates.

Extraction of Fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens and the Synthesis of Fucoidan-Coated AgNPs for Anticoagulant Application.

Brown seaweeds usually contain alginate as a major polymer. The second major sulfated polymer in brown seaweeds is fucoidan, which has huge potential in medicinal applications. In this study, the photosynthetic pigments from Turbinaria decurrens were first extracted using chloroform/methanol in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v), followed by fucoidan extraction with yields of 5.58% (crude) and 1.28% (purified fucoidan) from the dry weight of seaweed, whereas alginate was extracted with a yield of 14.7% DW of seaweed. The isolated fucoidan possessing anticoagulation property was identified and characterized as (1–3)-α-l-fucopyranosyl residues with sulfate groups primarily at the C4 position and to a lesser extent at the C2 position, whereas in the case of galactose, at the C3 and C6 positions. The AgNPs synthesized using isolated fucoidan exhibit strong anticoagulant activity and possess a good antibacterial property against Gram-negative clinical bacteria. Functional groups such as O–H, C–H, and S=O associated with sugar residues in sulfated fucoidan are involved in the synthesis of the nanoparticles with a spherical shape, size ranging from 10 to 60 nm, and showing polydispersity. From this study, we conclude that fucoidan-coated anionic AgNPs synthesized from T. decurrens have tremendous potential in drug development.

Diversity and cover percents of macroalgae species in intertidal zone of Pane

Macroalgae or often referred to as seaweed is very abundant in Indonesian waters especially sea waters, including in Central Tapanuli. But it is unfortunate because not many people know about it, even though the seaweed has many benefits. This study aims to determine the amount of macroalgae cover and their diversity on one island in Central Tapanuli, namely Pane Island. This research was conducted from July to September 2019 in intertidal zone of Pane island with three observations, once a month. At the study site, three macroalgae classes were found consisting of six species, namely Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum cristaefolium, Halimeda macroloba, Padina minor, Turbinaria decurrens and Hypnea pannosa. The highest macroalgae cover percent is occupied by Phaeophyta division and the lowest macroalgae cover percent is occupied by Rhodophyta division.

Evaluation the Phytochemicals and Nutritional Characteristics of Some Microalgae Grown in Egypt as Healthy Food Supplements

There is a great interest toward natural functional nutraceuticals that possess therapeutic properties in preparing healthy food products. Spirulina platensis, Turbinaria decurrens and Cystoseira Fucales were evaluated for their chemical composition, minerals content as well as their nutritional properties such as polyphenols, vitamins and pigments and their potential utilization in preparing some functional food products. The results showed that the Spirulina platensis was a rich source of protein (46.48%) and essential amino acids (424.02 mg/g protein) whereas Turbinaria decurrens and Cystoseira Fucales had the highest carbohydrate content, and ash. The investigated algae could be considered as a good source for K, Ca, Na, Fe and Zn. The phenolic compounds of the algae methanolic extracts varied from 2 to 14 mg g−1 dry weight as gallic acid equivalent and the highest DPPH radical scavenging was found for Spirulina platensis extract (15.66%). Spirulina platensis had the highest vitamin C (13.30 mg/100g), vitamin E (145.10 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (1648.89 µg/g), total carotenoid (1854.49 µg/g) and anthocyanin (0.540 µg/g) values. Cystoseira Fucales had higher vitamin A and vitamin D content than Turbinaria decurrens. Panelists accepted the sensory properties of the noodle and seasonings powder prepared from the different algae and the overall acceptability was described as “like very much” for both dried noodles and seasonings powder and “like moderately” for cooked noodles. Such results indicated that microalgae can be used as a promising source of multifunctional compounds in preparing functional food products.