Tundra Research Articles

Russian Arctic warming and ‘greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows

AbstractGrowth in arctic vegetation is generally expected to increase under a warming climate, particularly among deciduous shrubs. We analyzed annual ring growth for an abundant and nearly circumpolar erect willow (Salix lanata L.) from the coastal zone of the northwest Russian Arctic (Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The resulting chronology is strongly related to summer temperature for the period 1942–2005. Remarkably high correlations occur at long distances (>1600 km) across the tundra and taiga zones of West Siberia and Eastern Europe. We also found a clear relationship with photosynthetic activity for upland vegetation at a regional scale for the period 1981–2005, confirming a parallel ‘greening’ trend reported for similarly warming North American portions of the tundra biome. The standardized growth curve suggests a significant increase in shrub willow growth over the last six decades. These findings are in line with field and remote sensing studies that have assigned a strong shrub component to the reported greening signal since the early 1980s. Furthermore, the growth trend agrees with qualitative observations by nomadic Nenets reindeer herders of recent increases in willow size in the region. The quality of the chronology as a climate proxy is exceptional. Given its wide geographic distribution and the ready preservation of wood in permafrost, S. lanata L. has great potential for extended temperature reconstructions in remote areas across the Arctic.

Development of a tundra-specific snow water equivalent retrieval algorithm for satellite passive microwave data

Airborne and satellite brightness temperature ( T B) measurements were combined with intensive field observations of sub-Arctic tundra snow cover to develop the framework for a new tundra-specific passive microwave snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithm. The dense snowpack and high sub-grid lake fraction across the tundra mean that conventional brightness temperature difference approaches (such as the commonly used 37 GHz–19 GHz) are not appropriate across the sub-Arctic. Airborne radiometer measurements (with footprint dimensions of approximately 70 × 120 m) acquired across sub-Arctic Canada during three field campaigns during the 2008 winter season were utilized to illustrate a slope reversal in the 37 GHz T B versus SWE relationship. Scattering by the tundra snowpack drives a negative relationship until a threshold SWE value is reached near 130 mm at which point emission from the snowpack creates a positive but noisier relationship between 37 GHz T B and SWE. The change from snowpack scattering to emission was also evident in the temporal evolution of 37 GHz T B observed from satellite measurements. AMSR-E brightness temperatures (2002/03–2006/07) consistently exhibited decreases through the winter before reaching a minimum in February or March, followed by an increase for weeks or months before melt. The cumulative absolute change (Σ|Δ37 V|) in vertically polarized 37 GHz T B was computed at both monthly and pentad intervals from a January 1 start date and compared to ground measured SWE from intensive and regional snow survey campaigns, and climate station observations. A greater (lower) cumulative change in |Δ37 V| was significantly related to greater (lower) ground measured SWE ( r 2 = 0.77 with monthly averages; r 2 = 0.67 with pentad averages). Σ|Δ37 V| was only weakly correlated with lake fraction: monthly r 2 values calculated for January through April 2003–2007 were largely less than 0.2. These results indicate that this is a computationally straightforward and viable algorithmic framework for producing tundra-specific SWE datasets from the complete satellite passive microwave record (1979 to present).

Camps of the Tundra: Politics through Reindeer among Saami Pastoralists. Robert Paine

<i>Camps of the Tundra: Politics through Reindeer among Saami Pastoralists</i>. Robert Paine

A comparison of multi-spectral, multi-angular, and multi-temporal remote sensing datasets for fractional shrub canopy mapping in Arctic Alaska

Abstract Shrub cover appears to be increasing across many areas of the Arctic tundra biome, and increasing shrub cover in the Arctic has the potential to significantly impact global carbon budgets and the global climate system. For most of the Arctic, however, there is no existing baseline inventory of shrub canopy cover, as existing maps of Arctic vegetation provide little information about the density of shrub cover at a moderate spatial resolution across the region. Remotely-sensed fractional shrub canopy maps can provide this necessary baseline inventory of shrub cover. In this study, we compare the accuracy of fractional shrub canopy (> 0.5 m tall) maps derived from multi-spectral, multi-angular, and multi-temporal datasets from Landsat imagery at 30 m spatial resolution, Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) imagery at 250 m and 500 m spatial resolution, and MultiAngle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) imagery at 275 m spatial resolution for a 1067 km2 study area in Arctic Alaska. The study area is centered at 69 °N, ranges in elevation from 130 to 770 m, is composed primarily of rolling topography with gentle slopes less than 10°, and is free of glaciers and perennial snow cover. Shrubs > 0.5 m in height cover 2.9% of the study area and are primarily confined to patches associated with specific landscape features. Reference fractional shrub canopy is determined from in situ shrub canopy measurements and a high spatial resolution IKONOS image swath. Regression tree models are constructed to estimate fractional canopy cover at 250 m using different combinations of input data from Landsat, MODIS, and MISR. Results indicate that multi-spectral data provide substantially more accurate estimates of fractional shrub canopy cover than multi-angular or multi-temporal data. Higher spatial resolution datasets also provide more accurate estimates of fractional shrub canopy cover (aggregated to moderate spatial resolutions) than lower spatial resolution datasets, an expected result for a study area where most shrub cover is concentrated in narrow patches associated with rivers, drainages, and slopes. Including the middle infrared bands available from Landsat and MODIS in the regression tree models (in addition to the four standard visible and near-infrared spectral bands) typically results in a slight boost in accuracy. Including the multi-angular red band data available from MISR in the regression tree models, however, typically boosts accuracy more substantially, resulting in moderate resolution fractional shrub canopy estimates approaching the accuracy of estimates derived from the much higher spatial resolution Landsat sensor. Given the poor availability of snow and cloud-free Landsat scenes in many areas of the Arctic and the promising results demonstrated here by the MISR sensor, MISR may be the best choice for large area fractional shrub canopy mapping in the Alaskan Arctic for the period 2000–2009.

Satellite assessment of land surface evapotranspiration for the pan‐Arctic domain

Regional evapotranspiration (ET), including water loss from plant transpiration and soil evaporation, is essential to understanding interactions between land‐atmosphere surface energy and water balances. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and surface air temperature are key variables for stomatal conductance and ET estimation. We developed an algorithm to estimate ET using the Penman‐Monteith approach driven by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐derived vegetation data and daily surface meteorological inputs including incoming solar radiation, air temperature, and VPD. The model was applied using alternate daily meteorological inputs, including (1) site level weather station observations, (2) VPD and air temperature derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR‐E) on the EOS Aqua satellite, and (3) Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) reanalysis meteorology‐based surface air temperature, humidity, and solar radiation data. Model performance was assessed across a North American latitudinal transect of six eddy covariance flux towers representing northern temperate grassland, boreal forest, and tundra biomes. Model results derived from the three meteorology data sets agree well with observed tower fluxes (r &gt; 0.7; P &lt; 0.003; root mean square error of latent heat flux &lt;30 W m−2) and capture spatial patterns and seasonal variability in ET. The MODIS‐AMSR‐E–derived ET results also show similar accuracy to ET results derived from GMAO, while ET estimation error was generally more a function of algorithm parameterization than differences in meteorology drivers. Our results indicate significant potential for regional mapping and monitoring daily land surface ET using synergistic information from satellite optical IR and microwave remote sensing.

Drowned tundra emits more carbon

Drowned tundra emits more carbon

Tundra Semiconductor selects Synopsys as its primary EDA partner Synopsys' differentiated offering of tools, IP and services cited as key to selection

Tundra Semiconductor selects Synopsys as its primary EDA partner Synopsys' differentiated offering of tools, IP and services cited as key to selection

Methane bursts from frozen tundra

Methane bursts from frozen tundra

The role of migration for spatial turnover of arctic bird species in a circumpolar perspective

Several different factors may determine where species range limits are located within regions of otherwise continuously available habitat and suitable climate. Within the Arctic tundra biome many bird species are migratory and their breeding distributions are affected by migration routes that are in turn limited by factors such as suitable winter habitat, migratory stopover sites, geographical barriers and historical routes of colonization.We identified longitudinal zones in the circumpolar Arctic of pronounced changes in the avian species composition (high species spatial turnover; ‘species divides’). We tested for the association between migratory status and the geographical location and numbers of such species divides for species with non‐breeding habitats mainly within terrestrial, pelagic and coastal ecosystems.Our results demonstrate that migration is of profound importance for both the number and locations of species divides in the Arctic. Long‐distance migration is associated with a large number of divides among terrestrial and coastal arctic birds but with a reduced number of divides among pelagic birds. We suggest that long‐distance migration permits pelagic but not terrestrial and coastal birds to colonize large winter ranges, which in turn causes expansion of breeding ranges, with more homogenous communities and reduction of species divides as consequences, among the long‐distance migrants of pelagic but not of terrestrial and coastal birds. Furthermore, the divides among long‐distance migrants are situated in two main regions, the Beringia and Greenland zones, while divides among short‐distance migrants are more evenly spaced throughout the circumpolar Arctic. The Beringia and Greenland divides result largely from inter‐continental colonization of new breeding ranges but retainment of original winter quarters in a process of evolution through extension of migration routes, leading to aggregated divides in the meeting zones of major global flyways.

A long-lost tundra

A long-lost tundra

Detection of pan-Arctic terrestrial snowmelt from QuikSCAT, 2000–2005

New pan-Arctic (> 60°N) snowmelt onset and end date records (2000–2005) were produced from enhanced resolution (4.45 km) QuikSCAT (QSCAT) Ku-band backscatter measurements. A modified threshold method was used to detect multiple melt events and the main melt event was identified by the longest melt duration or the largest melt intensity. Algorithm validation was performed with a Circum-Arctic network of station measurements extracted from the Global Surface Summary of Day product maintained by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Estimates of melt onset date corresponded to a clear shift in the statistical distribution of mean daily air temperatures from largely below freezing to above freezing. Melt was not detected in 7% of the cases mainly over dense boreal forest cover, or very shallow tundra snow cover. QSCAT- derived melt end dates were significantly correlated with station-derived snow-off estimates ( r 2 = 0.79; RMSE = 11.6 days). The difference between the two estimates was within one week for 70% of the cases so there is good potential to use QSCAT-derived melt end dates to approximate snow-off dates across the pan-Arctic region. There was a tendency for QSCAT-derived snow-off dates to be biased early over dense forest regions due to a diminished backscatter melt signature.

Does migration promote or restrict circumpolar breeding ranges of arctic birds?

AbstractAim Migration has been suggested to promote large breeding ranges among birds because of the greater mobility of migratory compared with non‐migratory species, but migration has also been suggested to restrict breeding ranges because of evolutionary constraints imposed by the genetically based migration control programme. We aim to investigate the association between migration and the breeding ranges of both land birds and pelagic birds breeding in the Arctic region.Location The Arctic region.Methods Information on breeding and wintering ranges and migratory status of bird species breeding in the arctic tundra biome was compiled from the literature. The association between breeding range, migration distance and primary winter habitat was tested using multivariate generalized linear models and pair‐wise Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Phylogenetic effects were tested for using Mantel’s permutation tests.Results We found different relationships depending on the species’ major winter habitat. Among birds that are pelagic during winter, long‐distance migrants have the largest breeding ranges, while among terrestrial birds, residents and short‐distance migrants have the largest breeding ranges. Breeding ranges of coastal birds of all migratory distance classes are comparatively restricted.Main conclusions As a new explanation for this pattern we suggest that the possibility of colonizing large winter ranges is a key factor for the subsequent expansion of breeding ranges in arctic bird communities and possibly also in bird communities of other regions of the world. Because of the reversal in the relative extent of continents and oceans between the hemispheres, longitudinally wide winter ranges are more likely for long‐distance than short‐distance migrants among pelagic birds, while the reverse holds true for birds that use terrestrial winter habitats. For coastal birds both continents and oceans form barriers restricting colonization of extensive winter quarters and consequently also of extensive breeding ranges, regardless of the distance to the winter quarters.

Potential impact of climate change and reindeer density on tundra indicator species in the Barents Sea region

Climate change is expected to alter the distribution of habitats and thus the distribution of species connected with these habitats in the terrestrial Barents Sea region. It was hypothesised that wild species connected with the tundra and open-land biome may be particularly at risk as forest area expands. Fourteen species of birds were identified as useful indicators for the biodiversity dependent upon this biome. By bringing together species distribution information with the LPJ-GUESS vegetation model, and with estimates of future wild and domestic reindeer density, potential impacts on these species between the present time and 2080 were assessed. Over this period there was a net loss of open land within the current breeding range of most bird species. Grazing reindeer were modelled as increasing the amount of open land retained for nine of the tundra bird species.

‘Decomposer’ Basidiomycota in Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems

Current knowledge concerning ‘decomposer’ Basidiomycota in Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems is based on two sources: (a) collections and surveys of basidiomata, which have resulted in high-quality catalogues of species, although much of the species’ distribution and ecology are tentative and (b) isolations from soils and plant litter which typically result in a “low incidence of basidiomycetes” [Dowding, P., Widden, P., 1974. Some relations between fungi and their environment in tundra regions. In: Holding, A.J., Heal, O.W., MacLean Jr., S.F., Flanagan, P.W. (Eds.), Soil Organisms and Decomposition in Tundra. Tundra Biome Steering Committee, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 123–150], probably because of selectivity in isolation methods. In the few molecular studies carried out in Arctic and Antarctic soils to date, basidiomycetes, particularly yeasts, have been found. These techniques should give better estimates of the order of magnitude of fungal species richness in Arctic and Antarctic soils, although caution should be used concerning primer choice and amplification conditions. From collections in Arctic regions, species of basidiomycetes appear to be circumpolar in distribution with restricted endemism. Using culture-independent methods, it should be possible to test whether selected Arctic or Antarctic species are truly cosmopolitan, circumpolar, endemic, or are cryptic phylogenetic species. Particularly in Arctic ecosystems, potential ‘decomposer’ fungi in soils and roots may be from phylogenetically diverse taxa, and currently it is unclear whether ‘decomposer’ basidiomycetes are the fungi undertaking the majority of organic matter decomposition in Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems. For example, in some recent studies, wood decomposition in cold Arctic and Antarctic sites appears to proceed via ‘soft rot’ by anamorphic ascomycetes (e.g. Cadophora species), rather than by ‘white rot’ or ‘brown rot’ basidiomycete species. Additionally, it appears basidiomycetes and ascomycetes as ericoid and ectomycorrhizal fungi have the potential to be involved directly in decomposition. Given that profound changes are likely to occur in patterns of vegetation (Arctic and Antarctic) and size of soil carbon (C) pools (particularly in the Arctic) by the end of this century, it is necessary to know more about which species of ‘decomposer’ basidiomycetes are present and to try to define their potentially pivotal roles in ecosystem C (and N) cycling. One solution to characterise further the identity and roles of these fungi in a logical way, is to standardise methods of detection and ‘function’ at networks of sites, including along latitudinal gradients. Results of functional tests should be related to community structure, at least for ‘key’ species.

Vegetation and climate dynamics during the Holocene and Eemian interglacials derived from Lake Baikal pollen records

The last interglacial (LI) and Holocene changes in annual precipitation ( P ann), the mean temperature of the warmest ( T w) and coldest ( T c) month and the moisture index ( α) were reconstructed from continuous pollen records from Lake Baikal. The Holocene core (52°31′N, 106°09′E) presented in this study was recovered from a depth of 355 m in the 25-km wide underwater Buguldeika saddle separating the southern sub-basin of Lake Baikal from its central sub-basin. The biome reconstruction shows that tundra and steppe biomes have highest scores during ca. 15,000–13,300 cal. years B.P. and that taiga becomes a dominant vegetation type after ca. 13,300 cal. years B.P. Our quantitative reconstruction indicates an onset of relatively warm and wet conditions soon after ca. 10,000 cal. years B.P. The warmest and wettest climate with T w ∼ 16 °C, P ann ∼ 480 mm and α ∼ 0.9–1 has been reconstructed for ca. 9000–7000 cal. years B.P. In the Lake Baikal region this interval is characterized by the appearance and spread of hunter communities (Kitoi culture). Consistently a hiatus in the regional archaeological record (4900–4200 years B.C. or 6850–6150 cal. years B.P.) coincides with the interval of a major climate deterioration which followed the ‘climatic optimum’. An attempt to find a relationship between the archaeological record and a spread of steppe and meadow communities in the Lake Baikal region demonstrates that despite a long habitation of the area the human impact on vegetation was local rather than regional and likely did not affect the pollen record from Lake Baikal. The reconstructed peaks in the steppe biome scores during the last 9000 years are consistent with short (one to five hundred year) episodes of weak Pacific (summer) monsoon supporting our interpretation that the Holocene vegetation changes around Lake Baikal are associated with large-scale circulation processes controlling regional water balance rather than with human activities. Thus, our study proves the suitability of Lake Baikal pollen data for the reconstruction of natural vegetation and climate dynamics through the whole period from the onset of the LI to the present. Comparison of the recent and the last interglacial suggests that the Holocene ‘climatic optimum’ was less pronounced (e.g. lower summer and winter temperatures and annual precipitation sums) than that of the LI. On the other hand, pollen records demonstrate that the Holocene ‘forest phase’ already lasts some thousand years longer than that of the LI. The interglacial vegetation dynamics derived from the Lake Baikal pollen records can be satisfactorily explained by reconstructed changes in summer and winter temperatures and in available moisture. The interglacial vegetation around Lake Baikal is dominated by the boreal forests, which are associated with a generally warm and wet climate. The high sea level associated with decreased ice volume appears to have had a greater impact on the Siberian environments during the last and the recent interglacial than the direct effect of lower-than-present winter insolation. Reconstructed changes in the winter temperature correlate well with changes in the sea level and global ice volume, while the summer temperatures derived from the Lake Baikal pollen records track changes in the summer insolation.

Satellite radar imagery for monitoring inland wetlands in boreal and sub‐arctic environments

1. Knowledge about the distribution and types of wetlands is in high demand by ecosystem modellers for full greenhouse gas accounting. The scope of this paper is to demonstrate the suitability of satellite radar data for the delineation of wetlands in the tundra and boreal forest biomes of central Siberia. 2. An area of more than 3 million km2 in central Siberia was investigated using satellite data. It covers freshwater ecosystems of the tundra and non-forested peatlands in tundra and boreal forest biomes. The satellite data represent the growing seasons of 2003/2004. 3. Microwave data were acquired by the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument onboard ENVISAT. The multi-temporal capabilities and resolution (150 m × 150 m in WS mode) of the ASAR wide swath mode enabled the detection of dynamic features >2 ha over this vast area. Scatterometer (QuikScat) data could be employed to distinguish hydro-periods. 4. Wetland types have been identified on the basis of seasonal changes in backscatter. In a first step scatterometer data were used to identify the transition period from frozen to unfrozen conditions over a range of 15° latitude. Inundation patterns and soil moisture changes could be identified for the different hydro-periods and used to classify wetlands. Results for peatlands have been compared with Russian forest inventory data which contain information on wetland distribution. 5. The database of permanently inundated areas is an intermediate product which enables the mapping of wetlands in two ways: (1) identification of seasonal inundation in relation to snowmelt and high permafrost tables and (2) input for density analysis of permanent small and shallow lakes in tundra areas which are important freshwater ecosystems as well as a methane source. Differences in intensity and duration of soil moisture conditions allow the identification of peatlands. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Terrrestrial ecological processes and problems on sub-Antarctic islands

On the basis of their vegetation and soils, sub-Antarctic island ecosystems are considered to be part of the tundra biome. However, sub-Antarctic island vegetation is more productive and nutrient cycling more rapid than in Northern Hemisphere tundra. Human occupation and exploitation on the islands has comprised mainly sealing, whaling and, in some instances, fishing and agriculture, Research stations have also been established for meteorological monitoring and scientific research. All these activities have affected the islands' floras and faunas but the greatest impact of humans has been through the introduction of alien organisms. Because the islands' indigenous biotas are species-poor and lack cardinal trophic groups that are common in other ecosystems (especially mammalian herbivores and predators), an introduced species that becomes invasive on an island can have insidious, but far-reaching, efFects on ecosystem functioning. Such effects are the focus of this paper and the principal examples given are the effects of the introduced house mouse and a European slug on nutrient cycling at Marion Island. Manuring by seabirds and seals is also an important determinant of ecosystem structure and function at sub-Antarctic islands. Introduced domestic cats have reduced burrowing bird populations on some of the islands, and at Marion Island the populations of most surface-nesting birds have also declined, probably due to human exploitation of their oceanic food resources. This has far-reaching implications for ecosystem functioning. The sub-Antarctic region is also becoming warmer; at some islands this is coupled with decreased, and at others with increased, precipitation. Some implications of these climatic changes for ecological functioning are presented. 'The most important is that a warming climate will increase the probability of introduced organisms becoming established on an island. 'ibis, together with increasing human visitation and occupancy (the major cause of species introductions), implies that it is inevitable that the rate of establishment of invasive biota on the sub-Antarctic islands will increase.

Modeled impacts of changes in tundra snow thickness on ground thermal regime and heat flow to the atmosphere in Northernmost Alaska

Seasonal snow covers the tundra surface for up to nine months of each year on the Alaskan North Slope. Variations in the snow thickness could strongly influence the thermal regime of the underlying soil and permafrost, and the surface energy balance. The impacts of increases and decreases in the tundra snow thickness on the thermal regime of snow surface, active layer, and permafrost, and on the conductive heat flow to the atmosphere were investigated numerically, by using an improved surface energy balance approach based one-dimensional heat transfer model. The baseline inputs for the numerical model are mean daily meteorological data and surface albedos collected at Barrow, Alaska from 1995 through 1999. Based on a study for the long-term mean daily maximum and minimum snow thickness distributions at Barrow in the snow season of 1948 through 1997, a snow thickness factor was defined and five simulation cases were run for the snow season of 1997–1998 by changing the snow thickness factor. The modeled results indicate that changes in snow thickness have significant impacts on ground thermal regimes and conductive heat flow to the atmosphere. Decreasing the snow thickness by 50% led to the maximum ground temperature decrease of 1.48 °C at 0.29 m depth, and 0.72 °C at 3.0 m depth; the magnitude of the mean conductive heat flow to the atmosphere for December increase of 4.3 Wm − 2 . Increasing the snow thickness by 50% resulted in the maximum ground temperature increase of 1.44 °C at 0.29 m depth, and 0.66 °C at 3.0 m depth; the magnitude of the mean conductive heat flow to the atmosphere for December decrease of 1.57 W m − 2 . On an annual basis, variation in the snow thickness by 50%, the ground temperature variations of more than 0.25 °C occurred as deep as 8.0 m below the ground surface. The modeled results also show that changes in snow thickness have a relatively small influence on the snow surface temperature.

Structural characteristics of a low Arctic tundra ecosystem and the retreat of the Arctic fox

We conducted a large-scale, campaign-based survey in Finnmark, northern Norway to evaluate the proposition that declining Arctic fox populations at the southern margin of the Arctic tundra biome result from fundamental changes in the state of the ecosystem due to climatic warming. We utilized the fact that the decline of the Arctic fox in Finnmark has been spatially heterogeneous by contrasting ecosystem state variables between regions and landscape areas (within regions) with and without recent Arctic fox breeding. Within the region of Varanger peninsula, which has the highest number of recorded dens and the most recent breeding records of Arctic fox, we found patterns largely consistent with a previously proposed climate-induced, bottom-up trophic cascade that may exclude the Arctic fox from tundra. Landscape areas surrounding dens without recent Arctic breeding were here more productive than areas with recent breeding in terms of biomass of palatable and climate sensitive plants, the number of insectivorous passerines and predatory skuas. Even the frequency of unspecified fox scats was the highest in landscape areas where arctic fox breeding has ceased, consistent with an invasion of the competitively dominant red fox. The comparisons made at the regional level were not consistent with the results within the Varanger region, possibly due to different causal factors or to deficiencies in Arctic fox monitoring at a large spatial scale. Thus long-term studies and adequate monitoring schemes with a large-scale design needs to be initiated to better elucidate the link between climate, food web dynamics and their relations to Arctic and red foxes.

'The Last Kulak' and Other Stories of Post-Privatisation Life in Chukotka's Tundra

Abstract Privatisation of state farms in Russia precipitated a crisis in the reindeer herding economy. Chukotka once had the largest domestic reindeer herd in Russia, and the plummet in Chukotka's reindeer headcounts was steeper than anywhere else in the country. At the same time, reindeer herding in some regions of Russia, such as Yamal, remained relatively stable. This paper argues that much of the difference between Chukotka and other regions can be attributed to the particular, and very political, nature of the social relationship between local tundra-dwelling populations and the most immediate representative of the state apparatus that they face: the district administration. Using stories told by tundradwellers in one district of Chukotka, the paper explores the frustrations they experienced as their efforts to take more control of their own local situation were stymied by those in the bureaucracy above them. It concludes that politics and power relations should not be overlooked as a crucial factor in determining regionally-variable outcomes in post-privatisation reindeer herding in the Russian north, and can overpower or exacerbate economic and ecological factors.