Tunable Hybrid Research Articles

Electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators

One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved electrical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This hinders their exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing, hyperspectral imaging, and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polaritonic platform. Subsequently, we electrically detect these mid-infrared resonators by near-field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously exhibit extreme lateral confinement and high-quality factors. This work opens a venue for investigating this tunable and complex hybrid system and its use in compact sensing and imaging platforms.

Tunable Hybrid Hydrogels of Alginate and Cell-Derived dECM to Study the Impact of Matrix Alterations on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for tumor progression, being linked to alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding the ECM's role in EMT can uncover new therapeutic targets, yet replicating these interactions in vitro remains challenging. It is shown that hybrid hydrogels of alginate (ALG) and cell-derived decellularized ECM (dECM), with independently tunable composition and stiffness, are useful 3D-models to explore the impact of the breast tumor matrix on EMT. Soft RGD-ALG hydrogels (200Pa), used as neutral bulk material, supported mammary epithelial cells morphogenesis without spontaneous EMT, allowing to define the gene, protein, and biochemical profiles of cells at different TGFβ1-induced EMT states. To mimic the breast tumor composition, dECM from TGFβ1-activated fibroblasts (adECM) are generated, which shows upregulation of tumor-associated proteins compared to ndECM from normal fibroblasts. Using hybrid adECM-ALG hydrogels, it is shown that the presence of adECM induces partial EMT in normal epithelial cells, and amplifes TGF-β1 effects compared to ALG and ndECM-ALG. Increasing the hydrogel stiffness to tumor-like levels (2.5kPa) have a synergistic effect, promoting a more evident EMT. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between matrix composition and stiffness in EMT, underscoring the utility of dECM-ALG hydrogels as a valuable in vitro platform for cancer research.

Compact microstructured Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films with enhanced optoelectronic properties via (NH4)2S tunable hybrid colloidal ink coating and transformation

Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconductor material composed of earth-abundant elements that is a promising material for sustainable thin film photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications. In this work, CZTS thin films are deposited using aqueous colloidal suspensions of binary sulfides (Cu and Zn) and thiostannate complexes formed by in situ reaction of SnS2 with (NH4)2S. In a departure from previous works that used only dissolved thiostannate complexes, we utilize a hybrid state of tin sulfide as both nanoparticles and thiostannate complexes to improve thin film quality. This finding was made by adjusting the (NH4)2S concentration in our aqueous inks, which modified the relative abundance of thiostannate complexes vis-à-vis the amount of SnS2 nanoparticles. In the absence of (NH4)2S, the unstable ink yields nonuniform, partially oxidized thin films. Meanwhile, thiostannate complex formation with the use of (NH4)2S (2–10 vol%) can suppress the presence of secondary phases such as CuxS in the absorber layer and protects against oxidation (avoiding undesirable SnO2 formation). Lowering the aqueous (NH4)2S concentration to 2 vol% yielded the most stable ink formulation, featuring a hybrid state of tin sulfide as both colloidal particles and dissolved thiostannate complexes. The hybrid tin sulfide ink produced compact thin films and reduced the level of Cu-Zn antisite defects in the kesterite crystal structure. We attribute the compact microstructure attained with the hybrid tin sulfide formulation to thiostannate complexes acting as linkers among the three binary sulfides (Cu, Zn, and Sn), enabling their orderly packing into an amorphous, quaternary initial state which is then annealed to grow crystalline kesterite CZTS. UV-Vis absorption characterization shows the Tauc bandgap for 2 vol% hybrid ink coated films to be 1.40 eV with reduced absorption tails based on Urbach energy measurements, while photoluminescence studies showed significantly enhanced emission.

Investigation of structural, electronic, and optical properties of halide perovskites with different amide cations: A first-principles approach

Hybrid halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3) have emerged as an appealing candidate in photovoltaic devices due to their low-cost fabrication and remarkable optical and electronic properties. However, the commercial applications of these perovskites are limited by their instability due to the rapid rotation and orientation of methylammonium cation (CH3NH3+), and interaction with PbI2 lattice at high temperatures. Since CH3NH3+ can deteriorate structural stability of MAPbI3 perovskites, it is possible to use molecular cation design and substitution as a mechanism to enhance the stability and remove this limitation. We here investigate the effect of replacing this cation with other organic cations (HCOHNH2PbI3 (FPbI3), CH3COHNH2PbI3 (AcPbI3), and NH2COHNH2PbI3 (UPbI3)) in order to enhance the performance of the perovskites, while also keeping the band gap energy (Eg) in an appropriate range for solar cell applications. The calculations are performed using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, providing lattice parameters and the formation energy of the proposed perovskites. Our results indicate that AcPbI3 perovskite outperforms the other structures in terms of various optical parameters, such as the absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, and reflectance. The optical and electronic band gaps of the AcPbI3 structure and its resonance form (Ac'PbI3) are found to be in agreement with each other, proposing them as optically tunable hybrid perovskites in emerging solar cells.

Experimental demonstration of tunable hybrid improper ferroelectricity in double-perovskite superlattice films

Hybrid improper ferroelectricity can effectively avoid the intrinsic chemical incompatibility of electronic mechanism for multiferroics. Perovskite superlattices, as theoretically proposed hybrid improper ferroelectrics with simple structure and high technological compatibility, are conducive to device integration and miniaturization, but the experimental realization remains elusive. Here, we report a strain-driven oxygen octahedral distortion strategy for hybrid improper ferroelectricity in La2NiMnO6/La2CoMnO6 double-perovskite superlattices. The epitaxial growth mode with mixed crystalline orientations maintains a large strain transfer distance more than 90 nm in the superlattice films with lattice mismatch less than 1%. Such epitaxial strain permits sustainable long-range modulation of oxygen octahedral rotation and tilting, thereby inducing and regulating hybrid improper ferroelectricity. A robust room-temperature ferroelectricity with remnant polarization of ~ 0.16 μC cm−2 and piezoelectric coefficient of 2.0 pm V−1 is obtained, and the density functional theory calculations and Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire theory reveal the constitutive correlations between ferroelectricity, octahedral distortions, and strain. This work addresses the gap in experimental studies of hybrid improper ferroelectricity for perovskite superlattices and provides a promising research platform and idea for designing and exploring hybrid improper ferroelectricity.

Design and Optimization of Dual Port Dielectric Resonator Based Frequency Tunable MIMO Antenna with Machine Learning Approach for 5G New Radio Application

SummaryIn this article, a dual port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) cylindrical Dielectric Resonator (DR)‐based frequency tunable antenna with a machine learning (ML) approach for a 5G New Radio (NR) application is presented. According to the author's best knowledge, it is the first time‐frequency tunable MIMO hybrid DR with ML is reported. A dual port MIMO DRA is placed in the orthogonal configuration with the connected ground to obtain higher isolation in the entire frequency range. The proposed dual port antenna provides a total spectrum (TS) and tuning range (TR) of 98.99% and 80.93%, respectively. The different MIMO parameters, Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Diversity Gain (DG) are investigated and found within the acceptable limits. The optimization of the proposed dual port tunable antenna is done through the various ML algorithms, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K‐Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The KNN ML algorithm provides more than 98% accuracy for predicting the S‐parameters in all configurations. Hence, the proposed antenna is suitable for 5G NR applications.

Development of hybrid photonic integrated wavelength-tunable laser at 2 µm and its application to FMCW LiDAR

This paper reports on the experimental demonstration of a fully integrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR sensing system, operating at 2.0 µm. It makes use of a widely tunable hybrid external cavity laser based on the combination of GaSb gain chip and silicon waveguide circuits. The single-frequency laser operation over the full spectral bandwidth of the gain chip is secured using a frequency-selective filter, consisting of two sequential microring resonators in a Vernier configuration. To increase the mode-hop free wavelength tuning range while preserving the linewidth of the laser, the heater of the phase section placed along the bus waveguide is synchronously controlled with two independent heaters placed on each microring resonator. This laser is then implemented for the development of an FMCW LiDAR, consisting of all-optical fiber-based two independent unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers: k-space interferometer for the linearization of continuously swept laser frequency and main interferometer for the measurement of the distributed back-reflection over the distance. The optical frequency of the laser is continuously swept over a ∼100 GHz range (or Δλ=1.47 nm at the operating wavelength) at a modulation speed of 100 Hz. Using this wavelength tunable laser, a light detection and ranging system (LiDAR) is experimentally demonstrated, showing a very high axial resolution of 1.36 mm in air with an extremely high precision of ∼9 µm at a 100 Hz measurement rate.

Efficient Strategy to Synthesize Tunable pH-Responsive Hybrid Micelles Based on Iron Oxide and Gold Nanoparticles.

The preparation of multifunctional nanomaterials based on inorganic nanoparticles with organic materials has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of new nanomedicines for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. Here, we synthesized pH-responsive hybrid inorganic micelles by combining a novel pH-responsive amphiphilic molecule with hydrophobic payloads. This amphiphile was synthesized in a one-pot reaction and self-assembled readily into micelles under acidic pH conditions. In the presence of hydrophobic NP payloads such as AuNPs or IONPs, the amphiphile self-organized around them through hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the formation of colloidally stable hybrid micelles. The size of the hydrophobic NPs determined the pH-response of the inorganic hybrid micelles, which is tuned from pH 7 to 11 for our pH-responsive amphiphilic molecule. This achievement represents a novel approach for the synthesis of tunable pH-responsive hybrid micelles based on inorganic NPs for biomedical imaging, hyperthermia treatment, and also drug delivery nanosystems.

Development of morphologically tunable cobalt-zeolitic framework with copper nanowires: A bifunctional catalyst for the analysis of nitrobenzene and ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde in environmental effluents

Hazardous nitroaromatic compounds are a top-priority environmental pollutant and extremely harmful to human health and ecological systems. Hence, selective and ultra-sensitive quantitative analysis of nitroaromatic target detection is highly important nowadays. In this report, we designed and successfully developed the morphologically tunable hybrid composite nature of the cobalt-zeolitic framework (CZ) with copper nanowires (CNW). The morphological structure was highly controlled by switching different weight ratios of CNW into the CZ. Morphological and spectral analysis revealed the developed system is composite with mesoporous properties. Followed by, the designed catalyst was applied to catalytic reduction and electrochemical simultaneous with sensitive sensing of nitrobenzene (NB) and ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBA). The optimized modified electrode surface exhibited first-rate catalytic activity, the ultra-sensitive limit of detection of 5.3 nM and 2.6 nM (S/N = 3) with a linear response range of 20 nM – 1 mM and 10 nM – 1.5 mM for ONBA and NB. The selectivity of the system is evaluated in the presence of twelve potentially interfering analytes (including phenols, metal ions, and biomolecules). As an added benefit, the CNWCZ/GCE was used to quantify the detection targets in real industrial water samples, with high-rate recoveries of 96.60–99.68±0.05%, and the electrochemical result was validated by standard analytical method. Furthermore, the catalytic degradation of NB and ONBA was tested and achieved more than 91.63±1.13% degradation within 10 and 15 minutes for NB and ONBA, and facile kinetic rate reactions. The developed research findings suggest that catalysts can be used to dual-analyze NB and its derivatives.

Design and simulation of tunable metal-graphene hybrid metamaterial terahertz modulator based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Design and simulation of tunable metal-graphene hybrid metamaterial terahertz modulator based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Ligand mediated self-assembly of cobalt nanoclusters for tunable supercapacitors

Self-assembly of thiolated cobalt-based nanoclusters was achieved by a simple and one-step synthesis process towards the development of a tunable hybrid supercapacitor. Here, we report the wet chemical synthesis of self-assembly of cobalt nanoclusters (CoNCs) using three different thiols namely glutathione (GS), 3-mercapto propyl sulfonate (MPS) and 3-mercapto propionic acid (MPA) protected individually. The variation in the capping ability of the thiolate ligands brings the proximal changes in the optical, structural and electrochemical properties. In CoNCs, the structural and morphological changes that evolved from the obtained GS-CoNCs, MPS-CoNCs, and MPA-CoNCs were confirmed using UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM analysis. The stability of CoNCs and binding states of cobalt metal were determined using TG and XPS analysis respectively. The divergence in the rigidifying nature of various thiolated cobalt nanoclusters significantly influences their capacitance ability for energy storage via altering the porosity and electron transfer characteristics. The rigid dense multifunctional ligands like GS facilitate the electron-hole hopping process in the nano-pockets available in GS, which enhances the energy storage capability and diffusion among ligand-metal-ligand chains. Wherein, the other two ligands MPS and MPA show comparatively lower supercapacitance activities due to diverse functionality and rigidify. The charge-discharge studies explore the supercapacitor behaviour of GS, MPS and MPA-protected CoNCs with the specific capacitance of 540, 494 and 358 F g−1 respectively at the current density of 1 A g−1.

A tunable hybrid metasurface design with integrated diffusion and absorption

AbstractIn this letter, a tunable hybrid metasurface (THMS) with electromagnetic switching characteristics based on the field‐programmable logic gate array (FPGA) is developed, which combines the mechanisms of both phase cancellation and absorption. Compared to other hybrid metasurface, the proposed design possesses two major functions of electromagnetic switching and dynamic tuning. By adjusting the bias voltage of the active components controlled by FPGA module, the in‐band tuning and active switching at different frequency bands of 3.63–5.57, 4.86–10.47, and 9.40–12.36 GHz can be obtained. A physical prototype with the size of 350 mm × 370 mm is fabricated and measured for verification, and the measurement shows that the monostatic radar cross section achieves varying degrees of reduction from 1.66 to 12.04 GHz.

Ultrathin All-Solid-State MoS2-Based Electrolyte Gated Synaptic Transistor with Tunable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Film.

Electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors (EGSTs) have attracted considerable attention as synaptic devices owing to their adjustable conductance, low power consumption, and multi-state storage capabilities. To demonstrate high-density EGST arrays, 2D materials are recommended owing to their excellent electrical properties and ultrathin profile. However, widespread implementation of 2D-based EGSTs has challenges in achieving large-area channel growth and finding compatible nanoscale solid electrolytes. This study demonstrates large-scale process-compatible, all-solid-state EGSTs utilizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels grown through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sub-30nm organic-inorganic hybrid electrolyte polymers synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The iCVD technique enables precise modulation of the hydroxyl group density in the hybrid matrix, allowing the modulation of proton conduction, resulting in adjustable synaptic performance. By leveraging the tunable iCVD-based hybrid electrolyte, the fabricated EGSTs achieve remarkable attributes: a wide on/off ratio of 109, state retention exceeding 103, and linear conductance updates. Additionally, the device exhibits endurance surpassing 5 × 104 cycles, while maintaining a low energy consumption of 200 fJ/spike. To evaluate the practicality of these EGSTs, a subset of devices is employed in system-level simulations of MNIST handwritten digit recognition, yielding a recognition rate of 93.2%.

Bi-path color tunable plasmonic micro-nano hybrid structures for encrypted printing.

Colored information is crucial for humans to perceive the world. Plasmonic spectra modulation can serve as an effective means to create different colors. Although several solutions for plasmonic color-printing have been proposed, further information encryption has not received any attention. Herein, we exhibit a fine color modulation strategy to construct noble-metal-based micro-nano hybrid structures in the bi-path of photo-thermal deformation and liquid-phase-chemical reaction. Ag/Ta2O5 bi-layer films are ablated at the center of the machined lines of nanosecond pulsed laser, while silver nanoparticles are formed in other regions by thermal radiation of the infrared laser, which can be further dissolved and shape-modulated in KCl solution under different periods. The variation of size and spacing of nano-Ag particles results in a precise shift of plasmonic spectra in visible region. Colored information can be hidden by adjusting the scan number and the energy density during laser processing, and will emerge after the subsequent chemical dissolution reactions. The bi-path color adjustment strategy is easy to operate and can play a role in key information protection and color image switching.

Controlled synthesis of graphene-based hybrids on hydration-dehydration treated bio-shell-derived catalysts

Graphene-based hybrids such as carbon nanotube/graphene nanosheet (CNT/GNS), carbon nanofiber/graphene nanosheet (CNF/GNS), and CNF-CNT/GNS have attracted extensive attention in energy-related applications due to their excellent properties. The selective synthesis of GNS-based hybrids usually relies on the precise design of metal catalysts and multiple tedious processes. Here, a facile one-step synthesis of GNS-based hybrids was successfully performed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on waste bio-shell derived catalysts without the addition of extra metal components, and GNS-based hybrids were selectively synthesized through the hydration and dehydration (H-D) treatment of catalysts. When eggshells were calcined at high temperature, the obtained E-CaO catalyst only synthesized GNSs. After E-CaO was treated by the H-D method, the obtained E-CaO-H-1 catalyst grew CNF/GNS. E-CaO-H-2 catalyst was further prepared by the H-D treatment of E-CaO-H-1, which produced CNF-CNT/GNS. Multiple characterizations of catalysts demonstrated that the high-temperature calcination of eggshells led to the aggregation of CaO and incorporation of Fe into CaO lattices, and thus only GNSs were synthesized on CaO. However, after the H-D treatment of E-CaO, the Fe element was released from CaO lattices and the surface area of CaO enhanced with the decrease of particle size, leading to the dispersion of Fe oxides on the CaO surface, and Fe particles were subsequently formed during the CVD synthesis, which synthesized CNFs on GNS. Further, with the size reduction of Fe particles after the second H-D treatment of the catalyst, smaller Fe particles facilitated the CNT growth, leading to the production of CNF-CNT/GNS. Similarly, the catalysts formed by calcination of other bio-shells (oyster shells, shrimp shells, and crab shells) only synthesized GNSs, whereas these catalysts after H-D treatment produced CNF-CNT/GNS with enhanced carbon yields. This study offers a new method for utilizing the metal species in waste bio-shells for the facile production of structurally tunable GNS-based hybrid materials.

Dynamic light manipulation via silicon-organic slot metasurfaces

Active metasurfaces provide the opportunity for fast spatio-temporal control of light. Among various tuning methods, organic electro-optic materials provide some unique advantages due to their fast speed and large nonlinearity, along with the possibility of using fabrication techniques based on infiltration. In this letter, we report a silicon-organic platform where organic electro-optic material is infiltrated into the narrow gaps of slot-mode metasurfaces with high quality factors. The mode confinement into the slot enables the placement of metallic electrodes in close proximity, thus enabling tunability at lower voltages. We demonstrate the maximum tuning sensitivity of 0.16nm/V, the maximum extinction ratio of 38% within ± 17V voltage at telecommunication wavelength. The device has 3dB bandwidth of 3MHz. These results provide a path towards tunable silicon-organic hybrid metasurfaces at CMOS-level voltages.

Polyoxometalate-dependent Photocatalytic Activity of Radical-doped Perylenediimide-based Hybrid Materials.

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials are a kind of multiduty materials with high crystallinity and definite structures, built from functional inorganic and organic components with highly tunable photochemical properties. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a kind of strong visible light-absorbing organic dyes with π-electron-deficient planes and photochemical properties depending on their micro-environment, which provides a platform for designing tunable and efficient hybrid photocatalytic materials. Herein, four radical-doped PDI-based crystalline hybrid materials, Cl4-PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1), Cl4-PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2), Cl4-PDI⋅PW12O40 (3), and Cl4-PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4), were attained by slow diffusion of polyoxometalates (POMs) into acidified Cl4-PDI solutions. The obtained PDI-based crystalline hybrid materials not only exhibited prominent photochromism, but also possessed reactive organic radicals under ambient conditions. Furthermore, all hybrid materials could be easily photoreduced to their radical anions (Cl4-PDI⋅-), and then underwent a second photoexcitation to form energetic excited state radical anions (Cl4-PDI⋅-*). However, experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the formed energetic Cl4-PDI⋅-* showed unusual POM-dependent photocatalytic efficiencies toward the oxidative coupling of amines and the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes; higher photocatalytic efficiencies were found for hybrid materials 1 (anion: SiW12O40 4-) and 2 (anion: SiMo12O40 4-) compared to 3 (anion: PW12O40 3-) and 4 (anion: PMo12O40 3-). The photocatalytic efficiencies of these hybrid materials are mainly controlled by the energy differences between the SOMO-2 level of Cl4-PDI⋅-* and the LUMO level of the POMs. The structure-photocatalytic activity relationships established in present work provide new research directions to both the photocatalysis and hybrid material fields, and will promote the integration of these areas to explore new materials with interesting properties.

THAPE: A Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine Approach for Enhancing Rule Interpretability in Association Rule Learning for the Retail Sector

THAPE: A Tunable Hybrid Associative Predictive Engine Approach for Enhancing Rule Interpretability in Association Rule Learning for the Retail Sector

Engineering tunable dual peptide hybrid coatings promote osseointegration of implants

Utilizing complementary bioactive peptides is a promising surface engineering strategy for bone regeneration on osteogenesis. In this study, we designed block peptides, (Lysine)6-capped RGD (K6-(linker-RGD)3) and OGP (K6-linker-(YGFGG)2), which were mildly grafted onto PC/Fe-MPNs through supramolecular interactions between K6 and PC residues on the MPNs surface to form a dual peptide coating, named PC/Fe@K6-RGD/OGP. The properties of the block peptides coating, including mechanics, hydrophilicity, chemical composition, etc., were detailly characterized by various techniques (ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy). Importantly, the RGD/OGP ratio can be well adjusted, which allowed optimizing the RGD/OGP ratio to endow significantly enhanced osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while also promoting cell adhesion, immune regulation, inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress reduction. In vivo, the optimized RGD/OGP coatings promoted bone regeneration and osseointegration around implants in rats with bone defects. In conclusion, rationally designed PC/Fe@K6-RGD/OGP coating integrated RGD and OGP bioactivities, providing a convenient approach to enhance bioinert implant surfaces for bone regeneration.

Hybrid multi-channel electrically tunable bandstop filter based on DAST electro-optical material

A voltage tunable hybrid multi-channel bandstop filter based on a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide is presented in this work, which can realize three narrowband and one broadband filtering functions simultaneously. The filter comprises two asymmetric composite cavities, which are filled with organic electro-optical material of 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-toluenesulfonate (DAST). The composite cavity is composed of a rectangular cavity and an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is formed by two rectangular cavities connected with two semi-elliptical annular cavities. The transmission spectrum and magnetic field distribution of the filter are studied and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM), and the effects of the structure parameters on the transmission spectrum are discussed. Our analysis indicates that the bandstop filter has minimum transmittances of 0.02%, 0.29%, and 0.1%, minimum bandwidths of 5 nm, 9 nm, and 25 nm, and maximum quality factors (Q) of 123.7, 87.1, and 44.2, respectively, in three narrowband modes. The stopband bandwidth at the broadband mode is 70 nm, and the adjustable range is 1695–2065 nm. Additionally, the filter characteristics can be adjusted by imposing a control voltage, providing a high degree of tunability and maintaining stable filter performance. Finally, the basic structure is optimized yielding an increased bandwidth of 238 nm for the broadband mode, which does retain great electrical tuning characteristics. Consequently, the proposed structure can be applied with huge potential in high-density integrated circuits and nano-optics.