Excision Of Tumor Research Articles

Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of the Mandible: An Uncommon Site for Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common types of malignant bone tumors, typically involving long bones such as the femur, tibia, and humerus. However, osteosarcomas occurring in the jaws are exceptionally rare, accounting for approximately 7% of all osteosarcoma cases and just 1% of malignancies in the head and neck region. This type of tumor usually affects individuals in their second and third decades of life. The subtypes of osteosarcoma include osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, small cell, and epithelioid. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma is associated with a poor prognosis, marked by a high recurrence rate, metastatic potential, and poor long-term survival outcomes. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman with a painless swelling over the left cheek for 1 year, which significantly increased in size over the past 3 months, accompanied by trismus, reduced oral intake, and weight loss. Examination revealed a non-tender, hard swelling on the left cheek measuring 20x20cm, with prominent dilated veins. The left external auditory canal was collapsed due to the mass effect. Histopathological examination resulted as chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the left mandible. Computer tomography showed a large lobulated enhancing mass occupying the left cheek, associated with bone erosion and an aggressive periosteal reaction resembling a 'sunburst' pattern involving the ramus extending to the angle of the left mandible. The patient undergone open tracheostomy, left temporary tarsorrhaphy, wide local excision of tumor, left hemimandibulectomy, left partial maxillectomy and anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction as patient unable to tolerate neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

OGC SO12 - Extended Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Postoperative Oesophagogastric Cancer Patients: A Completed Audit

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication for cancer patients undergoing oesophagogastric surgery. The NICE recommends extending pharmacological VTE prophylaxis to 28 days for patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery. While the effectiveness of in-hospital VTE prophylaxis is well-documented, the optimal duration for postoperative VTE prophylaxis remains a subject of debate. This study aims to evaluate the prescribing compliance, effectiveness, and safety of extending VTE prophylaxis to 28 days following hospital discharge (HD), a policy adopted trust-wide since 2014. Method This is an 11-year retrospective study from July 2012-2022, followed by a complete audit cycle conducted between January 2023-2024. The study included all patients who underwent cardio-esophagectomy or gastrectomy for oesophagogastric cancers. Exclusion criteria comprised patients who died during the index admission, those who underwent benign oesophagogastric surgery or local excision of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), and patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line-associated VTE. The primary outcome measured was the prescribing compliance of 28-day VTE prophylaxis post-hospital discharge. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of VTE and bleeding complications necessitating hospital readmission within 28 days of discharge. Results Our study included 582 patients, showing that post-2014, 423 out of 490 patients (86.3%) were discharged with 28-day VTE prophylaxis, compared to 13 out of 92 patients (14.1%) pre-2014, indicating a significant improvement (p<0.05). Only one patient (0.17%) developed VTE more than 28 days post-discharge, and no readmissions due to bleeding complications. In the subsequent audit, 63 out of 68 patients (92.6%) received the prophylaxis, further increasing prescribing compliance. Comparing the two periods, compliance improved from 86.3% to 92.6%, though not statistically significant (p=0.145). Overall, VTE incidence was minimised from 0.17% to 0%, with no readmissions due to bleeding complications. Conclusion Routine extended VTE prophylaxis for 28 days post-hospital discharge should be recommended for cancer patients undergoing oesophagogastric surgery. This practice has significantly improved prescribing compliance rates, reduced post-hospital discharge VTE incidence, and demonstrated safety, with no hospital readmissions due to bleeding complications.

Case report: Cochlear implantation for deafness caused by endolymphatic sac tumors in patients with von Hippel–Lindau syndrome

IntroductionEndolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are rare neuroectodermal neoplasms that originate in the endolymphatic sac and duct. They exhibit no specific age or gender predilection, although they are more prevalent in patients with von Hippel–Lindau syndrome.Material and methodsThe manuscript preparation adhered to the CARE guidelines for standardizing clinical cases and the PRISMA guidelines for scientific reviews. Three studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected from an analysis of 15 articles, supplemented by two additional studies identified through citation review.ResultsThe presented case describes a 16-year-old boy diagnosed with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss secondary to bilateral ELST. Surgical excision of the right ear tumor with simultaneous cochlear implantation was performed, followed by left ear surgery. Hearing restoration was achieved in the implanted right ear, with normal hearing in the left ear, and no postoperative vestibular symptoms were observed.ConclusionPrompt surgical intervention remains the cornerstone of ELST treatment. While cochlear implantation is sporadically reported in scientific literature, it offers a potential option for hearing improvement in patients suffering from deafness caused by the disease.

Intra-Operative Tumour Detection and Staging in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: An Integrative Review of Current Standards and Future Directions

Background: Surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) entails the excision of the primary tumour and regional lymphadenectomy. This traditional strategy is challenged by the high rate of early recurrence, suggesting inadequate disease staging. Novel methods of intra-operative staging are needed to allow surgical resection to be tailored to the disease’s biology. Methods: A search of published articles on the PubMed and Embase databases was performed using the terms ‘pancreas’ OR ‘pancreatic’ AND ‘intra-operative staging/detection’ OR ‘guided surgery’. Articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 were included. Technologies that offered intra-operative staging and tailored treatment were curated and summarised in the following integrative review. Results: lymph node (LN) mapping and radioimmunoguided surgery have shown promising results but lacked practicality to facilitate real-time intra-operative staging for PDAC. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) offers high contrast and sensitivity, enabling the identification of cancerous tissue and positive LNs with improved precision following intravenous administration of a fluorescent agent. The unique properties of optical coherence tomography and ultrasound elastography lend themselves to be platforms for virtual biopsy intra-operatively. Conclusions: Accurate intra-operative staging of PDAC, localisation of metastatic LNs, and identification of extra-pancreatic disease remain clinically unmet needs under current detection methods and staging standards. Tumour-specific FGS combined with other diagnostic and therapeutic modalities could improve tumour detection and staging in patients with PDAC.

Orbital and eyelid inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors: a clinicopathological analysis of 13 cases

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of orbital and eyelid inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted among 13 patients with IMTs treated at Tianjin Eye Hospital between January 2000 and October 2023. The clinicopathological data, immunohistochemical staining characteristics, molecular phenotypes, and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: The study cohort comprised 7 males and 6 females. The median age was 44 (22, 68) years. The tumor was observed in the left eye in 6 cases and the right eye in 7 cases. The age at onset ranged from 5 to 76 years, with a disease course of 1 month to 2 years before tumor excision. The tumor was located within the orbit in 10 cases (including one case of a systemic multifocal lesion) and in the eyelid in 3 cases. Pathological characteristics of the tumors were mainly proliferation of spindle or ovoid fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, with varying degrees of mucoid degeneration or collagenization of the mesenchyme, and varying amounts of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrated in the background. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Vimentin and α-SMA were positive in all cases (13/13, 13/13), ALK1 was positive in 5 cases (5/11), CK was positive in 1 case (1/1), and Desmin was positive in 1 case (1/6). ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive in 2 out of 3 cases, and EBER in situ hybridization was negative in 6 cases. Nine patients were available for the follow-up of 7 to 139 months. Seven patients remained tumor-free, 2 experienced relapses, and no deaths or metastases were reported. Conclusions: Orbital and eyelid IMTs predominantly occurred in adults, with localized lesions in most cases and favorable prognoses. The disease was histopathologically characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The accurate diagnosis depended on a comprehensive assessment of the morphological features of the tumor histopathology as well as immunohistochemical markers such as ALK and α-SMA, and molecular detection.

NCOG-02. ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF ADJUVANT INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY ON MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL READMISSION DATABASE

Abstract Interstitial brachytherapy (IB) is a form of surgically administered radiotherapy involving the implant of radioactive seeds into the resection cavity after tumor excision. Advances in IB for brain cancers have revived interest in this treatment platform. However, the impact of this therapy on hospital quality measures remains poorly characterized. Here we utilized the National Readmission Database (NRD) to address this gap in knowledge. We identified patients with malignant brain tumors who had undergone either craniotomies (C) for tumor resection or craniotomies augmented with adjuvant interstitial brachytherapy (C+IB) in the National Readmission Database (NRD, 2010-2018). Propensity-score weighting and survey regression techniques were used for analysis. Over the study period, the number of craniotomies with adjuvant interstitial C+IB steadily decreased. For brain metastasis (BM) patients, C+IB and C patients exhibited comparable length of hospital stay (IRR:0.95, CI95:0.61-1.50, p=0.838) and routine discharge to home or self-care (OR:1.01, CI95:0.86-1.18, p=0.918). However, primary brain tumor (PBT) patients who underwent C+IB showed longer hospital stay (IRR:1.43, CI95:1.03-1.99, p=0.032) and are less likely to undergo routine discharge (OR: 0.38, CI95:0.20-0.74, p=0.005) relative to the C cohort. Despite these differences, C+IB and C patients showed comparable 30- or 90- day readmission risk. The profile of readmission diagnoses was also similar. Cost-analysis suggests that IB increased the median total charge by $19,184 (p=0.003). Our analysis suggests that adjuvant interstitial brachytherapy did not alter hospital course/readmission risk for brain metastasis patients. However, PBT patients who underwent this therapy showed longer hospitalization and increased likelihood for non-routine discharge.

Arthroscopic Management of Metacarpophalangeal Joint Synovial Chondromatosis

AbstractSynovial chondromatosis is a rare condition where cartilaginous nodules form within the synovium, which can detach and cause loose bodies within the joint. While it typically affects larger joints, involvement of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints is rarely described. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient who had a slow-growing mass in her right third MCP (MCP III) joint, associated with limited finger motion, swelling, and pain. The diagnosis was confirmed using imaging studies. The patient underwent arthroscopic excision of multiple tumors and synovectomy via dorsal radial and ulnar MCP III portals. Postoperatively, there was rapid improvement in hand function, including normal and pain-free range of motion. This case highlights the benefits of arthroscopic management for synovial chondromatosis in the MCP joint, as it offers advantages like minimal invasiveness, reduced tissue damage, faster recovery times, and lower infection risk compared with traditional open methods.

Lost in translation: the lack of agreement between surgeons and scientists regarding biomaterials research and innovation for treating bone defects

BackgroundWith over 2 million grafts performed annually, bone ranks second only to blood in the frequency of transplants. This high demand is primarily driven by the persistent challenges posed by bone defects, particularly following trauma or surgical interventions such as tumour excision. The demand for effective and efficient treatments has increased exponentially in the twenty-first century. Limitations associated with autologous bone grafts drive exploration into replacements, including allografts, synthetic substitutes, and 3D-printed scaffolds. This research aimed to unravel disparities in the knowledge and evaluation of current and future bone defect treatments between surgeons and biomaterial scientists.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional survey, pre-registered with the OSF (https://osf.io/y837m/?view_only=fab29e24df4f4adf897353ac70aa3361) and conducted online from October 2022 to March 2023, collected data on surgeons’ views (n = 337) and scientists (n = 99) on bone defect treatments.ResultsScientists were significantly more optimistic than surgeons regarding the future replacement of autologous bone grafts with synthetic or tissue-engineered substitutes (p < 0.001). Accordingly, scientists foresee a paradigm shift from autologous bone grafts to biomaterial and tissue-engineered solutions, reflecting their confidence in the ongoing advancements within this field.Furthermore, regulatory trepidations for 3D-printed bone scaffolds were acknowledged, with scientists emphasizing the need for a more significant focus on clinical relevance in preclinical studies and regulatory clarity. In a ranked categorical assessment, witnessing the technology in action was deemed most influential in adopting new bone regeneration methods by both scientists and surgeons.ConclusionsTo conclude, this study was conducted through a web-based survey, highlighting a substantial translational gap. It underscores the immediate need (“call to action”) for meaningful interdisciplinary collaboration between surgeons and scientists, often referred to as the need to “walk the talk”. The findings underscore the critical importance of aligning clinical needs, research outcomes, and regulatory frameworks to improve the development and implementation of biomaterial-based bone graft substitutes that demonstrate efficacy and efficiency in bone defect treatment.

Chondroblastoma of the occipital bone with aneurysmal bone cyst: A rare case report.

Chondroblastoma is a rare, benign bone tumor originating from immature chondrocytes, typically found in the epiphyseal plates of long bones. Its occurrence in the skull, particularly the occipital bone, is extremely rare. We report a 10-year-old girl presenting with paroxysmal dizziness, occipital pain, and a palpable mass. Imaging studies revealed an osteolytic lesion in the occipital bone with a multiloculated appearance, indicating a concomitant aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient underwent craniotomy with complete tumor excision. Postoperative follow-up showed no neurological deficits or complications and MRI confirmed no recurrence. This case highlights the rare presentation of occipital bone chondroblastoma and emphasizes the importance of early surgical intervention for positive outcomes in pediatric patients.

Spotlight on Mitochondrial Health: A Trailblazing Fluorescent Tool for Cancer Detection and Surgical Guidance.

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Mitochondrial autophagy, namely, mitophagy, is a selective catabolic disposal of impaired mitochondria through an autophagic mechanism during episodes of mitochondrial harm. This selective removal, e.g., mitophagy, is essential for mitochondrial quality control and is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. The abnormal buildup of defective mitochondria in vivo was used as a target to prevent the development of cancer. The mitochondrial autophagy process of disease-related cells is usually accompanied by a decrease in polarity and pH, and the fluorescence sensing effects caused by these two factors are usually contradictory. Here, we propose a reinventing strategy to develop a dual-channel and dual-responsive fluorescent probe HDTVB that is capable of tracking mitochondrial autophagy by monitoring fluctuations in mitochondrial pH and polarity. Based on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) moiety and hemicarpine moiety push-pull system with activated near-infrared (NIR) emission and pH-activatable cyclization reaction, HDTVB was able to differentiate tumors from normal sites via polarity- and acidity-triggered structural changes of the probe in the course of mitochondrial autophagy. HDTVB is expected to be applied to clinical diagnosis and tumor excision guided by fluorescence, offering a new route in physiological and biochemical research.

Development of postoperative laryngeal edema in patients undergoing craniotomy for elective intracranial tumor excision: a prospective, observational, preliminary study

BackgroundIntracranial tumor surgeries require different head and surgical positions as well as large fluid administration, which can cause laryngeal edema (LE) and increased morbidity. But there are no studies regarding its incidence in this patient population. As these patients often receive steroids for reducing peri-tumoral edema, which can also reduce LE, we hypothesized that incidence of LE in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection in various positions might not be high. Thus, this prospective, observational study aimed to find LE incidence, as assessed by cuff leak test in these patients. MethodsASA I/ II, patients (18- 60 yrs) undergoing elective intracranial tumor resection were included after atraumatic tracheal intubation under standard general anesthetic technique. Cuff leak volume (CLV) was measured in supine position before start of surgery (CLVb) and completion (CLVc) of surgery. CLV ˂110 ml was considered to indicate LE. Important parameters were noted and patients were followed till discharge from the hospital. ResultsSeventy-three patients with male preponderance (58.9%) participated in study. Number of patients operated in supine, lateral, prone and sitting positions were 34, 16, 14 and 09, respectively. CLV decreased significantly in lateral and supine positions (p = 0.009 and 0.0002 respectively). Only, 02(2.74%) patients had CLVc <110 ml; both were male patients operated in supine position with head rotation. Anesthetic duration and intraoperative fluid administration were comparable across surgical positions. No PES was seen in any patient. ConclusionWe found that optimal intraoperative care of patients undergoing excision of intracranial tumors resulted in a low PLE incidence (2.74%) as detected by CLT at completion of surgery. However larger studies are required to further elaborate this issue.

An oriented self-assembly biosensor with built-in error-checking for precise midkine detection in cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation

Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic growth factor highly expressed during embryogenesis, currently recognized as a multifaceted factor in cancer progression and drug resistance. MDK has demonstrated greater accuracy than existing biomarkers. Serum MDK is a valuable indicator for the non-invasive early detection of tumors. It dynamically changes following surgical tumor excision and prior to recurrence, facilitating prognosis and treatment response evaluation. However, existing methods struggle to achieve the sensitivity required for clinical applications. Herein, we developed a triple-mode biosensor with oriented self-construction and built-in error-checking for rapid, sensitive, and convenient MDK detection. The sensor construction adhered to the principle of achieving oriented and strong covalent connections to ensure high sensitivity. Biosynthesized quantum dots (BQDs) were introduced to orient antibodies, enhancing the exploration of active binding sites and significantly increasing antibody-capturing ability. To further enhance sensitivity and signal amplification, Au@Pt nanorods-Ab2 (MF-Probe) were used as multifunctional probes, incorporating an error-checking mechanism to minimize false results. Detection was feasible using an electrochemical workstation, a microplate reader, and even a mobile phone. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 5 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.620 fg/mL. It accurately distinguished MDK levels in the serum of healthy donors and cancer patients. Compared to existing ELISA kits, it exhibited a lower LOD and a more sensitive response to trace MDK, suggesting it is a promising tool for cancer diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

Endoscopic Treatment of Neurosurgical Pathologies: Experience and Future Prospects in the Neurosurgery Department at Mohammed 6 University Hospital, Marrakech

Endoscopy is a new procedure in neurosurgery that uses optical magnification and video-assisted endoscopes to guide the hand to hard-to-reach locations. Despite extensive trials and meta-analyses, no definitive results have been published on its benefits. Neuroendoscopy has expanded beyond ventricular operations to treat various neurosurgical conditions, including cyst fenestration, tumor biopsy, tumor excision, and metastatic disease evaluation. It is beneficial for patients with hydrocephalus, intraventricular cysts, and concurrent hydrocephalus. Intracranial cysts are ideal for neuro-endoscopic therapy, and it can treat cystic craniopharyngiomas, dysontogenic tumors, gliomas, and metastases. Endoscopic tumor biopsy is a reliable technique for ventricle brain tumors. our study treated 480 hydrocephalus patients using endoscopic third ventriculostomy, accounting for 50.5% of cases. The most common cause was Sylvius aqueduct stenosis. Endoscopy was beneficial for treating colloidal cysts, arachnoid cysts, pituitary adenoma, and craniopharyngioma. It also served as a complement to microsurgery in 55 cases. Neuroendoscopy improved sciatic pain in 15 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy, with only minor issues due to the surgical scar. Neuroendoscopic surgery is expected to advance significantly in the future, with advancements in camera and optical technology, surgical instrument design, navigation systems, multiport surgery, and improved microsurgery.

021. Outcomes of Adult Patients That Got Full Thickness Skin Graft with Skin Defects After the Surgical Wide Excision: Observational Case Series Study

Background: Full-thickness skin grafting plays an important role in reconstruction for excessive skin defects after the surgical wide excision. For closed defect consideration, full-thickness skin grafts can be used, The most common full-thickness skin graft donor sites include the retroauricular region, supraclavicular region, inguinal fold, buttock fold, hypothenar area, and anterior wrist fold. In this study. Methods: This is a single institutional, retrospective, observational case series study. We included 8 patients who underwent skin reconstruction using full-thickness skin grafts to close skin defects caused by the excision of skin tumor or trauma, between January 2024 and July 2024. Demographic data, including sex, age, location and photographs, and were collected. Results: the follow up for 8 patients that got full-thickness skin graft, we can make conclusion that full-thickness skin graft, can be the choice to closed the defect. The outcome of the patient is good with the defect is closed. Conclusion: Full-thickness skin grafting is a common technique for reconstructing skin defects after surgical wide excision. This case series demonstrates that using full-thickness grafts can effectively close these defects. Despite the challenges posed by the extent and location of the defects, the grafts provided a reliable solution when primary closure was not possible. Overall, this study highlights the importance of full-thickness skin grafting in the field of reconstructive surgery.

Giant Epididymal Cyst in the Right Testicle: Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Cystic intratesticular lesions can occur in the second and fourth decades of life and are typically identified via ultrasound. Testicular cysts, usually under 2 cm, result from epididymal-lymphatic obstruction or hormonal changes. Larger lesions with sperm and lymphocytes are spermatoceles. Epididymal cysts are asymptomatic but can cause discomfort or pain, sometimes requiring surgery. Clinical case: A 38-year-old male with no chronic diseases presented with a giant tumor in the right testicle, experiencing pain and hypersensitivity. Physical examination and ultrasound revealed an irregular, painful testicular tumor and a right epididymal cyst. A right epididymal tumor excision was performed successfully. Discussion: Testicular cysts are benign and represent 20-40% of benign testicular tumors. They may arise due to idiopathic, infectious, or traumatic causes with no established risk factors. Diagnosis is often incidental and involves physical examination and imaging techniques like ultrasound. Management is conservative for asymptomatic cases, while symptomatic cases may require surgical intervention that involves careful separation of the cyst from the adhered area. Conclusion: An epididymal cyst is a common pathology in males worldwide, occupying up to 40% of the masses in the testes at the time of a urological assessment. It is a collection at the testicular level of hyaline content and usually measures &lt; 2 cm. They are generally asymptomatic, but when their size exceeds 2 cm or causes symptomatology, it is important to know the therapeutic options that can be offered to patients. In the case of our patient, as it is an epididymal cyst with a diameter of 5 cm and with additional symptomatology, the ideal management was surgical resection, showing adequate evolution in the postoperative follow-up.

008. Massive Teratoma Attached to The Inferior Vena Cava and Abdominal Aorta in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Background: Massive teratomas are rare and complex tumors that can grow large and involve crucial structures, such as the inferior vena cava (IVC) and abdominal aorta. These tumors can be challenging to resect, especially in pediatric cases, due to their size and proximity to vital organs. Case: A 9-year-old boy was admitted with a history of an abdominal mass first detected at age 3. Over the years, the mass had progressively enlarged, initially the size of a grape and later the size of a tennis ball by age 6. Recent imaging, including CT scans, showed a retroperitoneal mass measuring approximately 20 x 10 cm with characteristics of a mature cystic teratoma. The mass was compressing surrounding structures, including the duodenum, pancreas, and left kidney, and was adherent to both the IVC and abdominal aorta. The surgical team performed a laparotomy with adhesiolysis, extensive tumor excision, and vascular repair. Vascular control was established, and the tumor was successfully removed, including sheared portions of the abdominal aorta, which required ligation and repair of the affected vessels. Conclusion: This case illustrates the complexity and challenges of managing massive retroperitoneal teratomas. Through a multidisciplinary approach, it was possible to achieve complete excision and ensure the patient’s recovery with no immediate complications.

Natural history of salivary gland secretory carcinoma: A REFCOR study.

Background and objectivesSalivary gland Secretory Carcinoma (SC), characterized by Skalova in 2010 is a rare tumor studied within the REFCOR (French Network of experts on Rare Head and Neck Cancers). We conducted a prospective multicentric cohort study of 108 SC cases in the REFCOR database up to July 2021, analyzing diagnostic, therapeutic, and survival data. MethodsData was collected prospectively from diagnosis to the last update. Each patient had two histological readings including one by a REFCORpath pathologist, and all cases underwent molecular testing to confirm diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using R software. ResultsMRI was not contributive to malignancy diagnosis. After 2 histological readings, 79 % of patients were diagnosed, with 21 % requiring molecular testing to confirm diagnosis. Surgical treatment typically involved tumor excision and lymph node dissection. The tumor exhibited low lymph node involvement, with 95 % of patients being cN0, and no nodal metastases post-dissection. Five-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival were 91.4 % {95 % CI (0.84–1)} and 89 % {95 % CI (0.81; 0.98)} respectively, indicating a favorable prognosis. ConclusionsSC is a rare and newly recognized tumor, with generally favorable outcomes. Our cohort, among the largest to date, provides valuable insights. Future research should refine treatment guidelines.

OSSN in South India: Clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathologic correlations.

This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathology features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a South Indian population and correlate the area of lesions to the histopathological grade/severity of carcinoma in situ (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) invasive and noninvasive tumors. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study reviewed electronic medical records (EMRs) of 99 eyes of 99 South Indian patients who underwent en bloc excision and biopsy for tumors in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium with suspicion of OSSN over 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. Postoperatively, patients were treated with three cycles of topical 0.04% mitomycin C eye drops. Sixty-three had requisite EMR data with a follow-up period of 1 year. Patients had equal gender distribution with an age range of 28-83 years. The most common clinical variant was leukoplakic lesion, and the area of the lesion was the only predicting factor for SqCC and CIN. Bigger (T2) lesions should be strongly suspected for OSSN and promptly excised. Histopathologic analysis should be performed, and post-op topical mitomycin C or interferon alpha 2b is administered to avoid recurrence. In this study, by correlating the area of the lesion, we introduce a new variable that may aid in clinical prognostication alongside the AJCC classification.

Biological knee joint reconstruction using patella following giant cell tumor excision: a case report

A 20-year-old female patient presented to us with a large expansile swelling over right knee diagnosed clinically and confirmed histopathological and radiologically to be Giant Cell Tumor of upper end of Tibia involving both condyles with a breach in the posterior cortex. In this case report we tried to retain the joint function by biological reconstruction using the Patella after the wide excision of the tumor mass. A radical excision of the upper end of the Tibia was done. The Patella was used as an articular surface supported by ipsilateral Fibula and cortico-cancellous bone chips from the ipsilateral iliac crest as struts and complemented with synthetic bone graft pieces. Thus, the joint was reconstructed biologically. The case was followed for 1 year. The tumor was excised in toto, the knee joint was restored by the Patella and the bone graft struts. The results were discussed in detail.

Olaparib: A Chemosensitizer for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor. The current treatment for GBM includes adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), radiation therapy, and surgical tumor excision. There is still an issue because 50% of patients with GBM who get TMZ have low survival rates due to TMZ resistance. The activation of several DNA repair mechanisms, such as Base Excision Repair (BER), DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR), and O-6- Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), is the main mechanism via which TMZ resistance develops. The zinc-finger DNA-binding enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), which is activated by binding to DNA breaks, affects the activation of the MGMT, BER, and MMR pathway deficiency, which results in TMZ resistance in GBM. PARP inhibitors have been studied recently as sensitizing medications to increase TMZ potency. The first member of the PARP inhibitor family to be identified was Olaparib. It inhibits PARP1 and PARP2, which causes apoptosis in cancer cells and DNA strand break. Olaparib is currently investigated as a radio- and/or chemo-sensitizer in addition to being used as a single agent because it may increase the cytotoxic effects of other treatments. This review addresses Olaparib and its significance in treating TMZ resistance in GBM.