Tumor Size Node Metastasis Research Articles

Identification of HMGB2 associated with proliferation, invasion and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma via weighted gene co-expression network analysis

BackgroundHigh mobility group protein B2 (HMGB2) is a multifunctional protein that plays various roles in different cellular compartments. Moreover, HMGB2 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsIn this study, the expression pattern, prognostic implication, and potential role of HMGB2 in LUAD were evaluated using the integrated bioinformatics analyses based on public available mRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, both at the single-cell level and the tissue level. Further study in the patient-derived samples was conducted to explore the correlation between HMGB2 protein expression levels with tissue specificity, (tumor size-lymph node-metastasis) TNM stage, pathological grade, Ki-67 status, and overall survival. In vitro experiments, such as CCK-8, colony-formation and Transwell assay, were performed with human LUAD cell line A549 to investigate the role of HMGB2 in LUAD progression. Furthermore, xenograft tumor model was generated with A549 in nude mice.ResultsThe results showed that the HMGB2 expression was higher in the LUAD samples than in the adjacent normal tissues and was correlated with high degree of malignancy in different public data in this study. Besides, over-expression of HMGB2 promoted A549 cells proliferation and migration while knocking down of HMGB2 suppressed the tumor promoting effect.ConclusionsOur study indicated that HMGB2 was remarkably highly expressed in LUAD tissues, suggesting that it is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic marker for LUAD in the future.

Tumor size as a recommendable variable for accuracy of the prognostic prediction of gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis of 1,521 patients.

It is still controversial whether tumor size (Ts) should be considered an important indicator for evaluation the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prognostic prediction superiority of Ts in the large-scale cohort of GC patients. Data from 1,521 patients who underwent the curative resection were analyzed for demonstration the prognostic value of Ts. In addition, a tumor size-node-metastasis (TsNM) classification system was proposed to evaluate the comparative superiorities of the prognostic prediction of GC patients. With the univariate and multivariate analyses, Ts was identified as an independently prognostic predictor of GC patients, as was T stage. Ts was demonstrated to have smaller Akaike information criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion values within the Cox regression analyses than shown by T stage, which represented the optimum prognostic stratification. TsNM classification was also found to be competent for accurately prognostic evaluation of GC patients. The matched case-control logistic regression showed that TsNM classification could provide very powerful discriminations of patients' overall survival, compared with TNM classification. Additionally, Ts stage was found to enhance the survival discriminations in patients with certain clinicopathological characteristics, including male gender, T4a stage, N0 stage, diffuse type of Lauren classification, or age≤60years. Ts should be recommended as an important clinicopathologic variable to enhance the accuracy of the prognostic prediction of GC clinical patients.

Abstract 3593: Tumor size and lymph node metastases in African-American and European-American women with breast cancer

Abstract Few studies have evaluated lymph node metastasis in African-American (AA) women with breast cancer, who are more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and with lymph node positive tumors. Likelihood of nodal involvement increases with tumor size, although recent data have indicated that this may not be true for AA breast cancer patients and patients with basal-like tumors. Nodal metastases are also more likely in premenopausal AA patients compared to either premenopausal European-American (EA) patients or postmenopausal AA and EA patients. We examined risk factors for lymph node metastasis at breast cancer diagnosis in AA and EA women, and investigated the contributions of race, tumor subtype, and menopausal status to the tumor size-lymph node metastasis relationship. This analysis included 805 women diagnosed with primary, incident breast cancer enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study, a case-control study of AA and EA breast cancer patients and healthy women. Cases were identified using hospital-based ascertainment in New York City hospitals with high referral patterns for AA women and through population-based ascertainment in New Jersey using the State Cancer Registry. Eligible cases were self-identified AA and EA women age 20-75 with no previous history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer. In-person interviews were conducted and consent to review pathology reports was obtained. Tumor size was categorized as tumors 2 cm or less (small tumors) and tumors greater than 2 cm (large tumors). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). AAs with small tumors were more likely to be node positive compared to EAs (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.81-1.88) while among patients with large tumors, AAs were less likely to be node positive (OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.49-1.41). When grouped by race and tumor subtype, we found that the triple negative subtype was associated with a decreased risk of nodal metastases among EA women with small tumors (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.79) and a nonsignificantly decreased risk among AA women with large tumors, using the luminal A subtype as the referent group. Associations were null in EA women with large tumors and AA women with small tumors. When grouped by race and ER status, ER negativity was associated with a decreased risk of nodal metastases among AA women with large tumors (OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.84), while AA women with small tumors were at increased risk (OR=1.90, 95% CI 0.92-3.91). Our data suggest an effect of race and tumor subtype on the relationship between tumor size and likelihood of lymph node metastases. Tumor size appears to affect lymph node metastasis differently by race, a mechanism that is modified by tumor biology. Our findings support the hypothesis that in AA breast cancer patients, large tumors may not be more likely to give rise to metastatic lymph nodes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3593. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3593