Tumor Marker Antigen Research Articles

Metal-organic Skeleton (MOF) Composite based Using Electrochemical Immunobiosensor to Detect the Important Tumor Marker of Breast Cancer Glycotype Antigen 15-3

Breast cancer is one of the biggest threats to women's life and health in the world, and the mortality rate has reached the second highest in the world. With the development of metal organic skeleton (MOF) and the advantages of the composite in the field of electrochemistry and biosensing, various metal organic skeleton composites have been widely used in electrochemical biosensors. Thus, electrochemical biosensors have received extensive attention and research in the field of rapid breast cancer detection. This article mainly introduces the detection of sugar-type important tumor marker antigen 15-3, and electrochemical immunobiosensor Excellent performance in breast cancer detection and promising prospects for its application.

Polyethylene glycol microspheres loaded with irinotecan for arterially directed embolic therapy of metastatic liver cancer.

AIMTo study tumor response, and tolerability of arterially directed embolic therapy (ADET) with polyethylene glycol embolics loaded with irinotecan for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRC-LM). Secondary objectives were to monitor quality of life, time to progression and survival of patients.METHODSPatients were included in the study if they were affected by CRC-LM, refractory to systemic chemotherapy, treated with ADET using polyethylene glycol embolics, and had liver involvement < 50%. Tumor response, performance status (PS), tumor marker antigens, and quality of life (QoL) were monitored at 1, 3 and 6 mo after ADET. QoL was assessed with the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS).RESULTSWe treated 50 consecutive CRC-LM patients with ADET using polyethylene glycol embolics. Their tumor response one month after ADET was: 28% of complete response (CR), 48% of partial response (PR), 8% stable disease (SD), and 16% of progression. Tumor response 3 mo after ADET was CR 24%, PR 38%, SD 19% and progression disease (PD) 19%. Tumor response 6 mo after ADET was CR 18%, PR 44%, SD 21% and PD 18%. QoL was 90% PPS at each time point. Median time to progression for patients who progressed was 2.5 mo (range 0.8-6). Median follow-up was 14 mo (0.8-25 range). ADETs were performed with no complications. Observed side effects (mild or moderate intensity) were: Pain in 32% of patients, increase of transaminase levels in 20% and fever in 14%, whereas 30% of patients did not complain any adverse event.CONCLUSIONThe treatment of unresectable CRC-LM with ADET using polyethylene glycol microspheres loaded with irinotecan was effective in tumor response and resulted in mild toxicity, and good QoL.

Efficient construct of a large and functional scFv yeast display library derived from the ascites B cells of ovarian cancer patients by three-fragment transformation-associated recombination.

Over the past decade, yeast display technology has emerged as a powerful tool for the isolation of high-affinity immunoglobulin fragments with potential utility as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. Despite significant refinement of the various methodologies underpinning library construction and selections, certain aspects remain challenging and process limiting. We have sought to significantly improve the robustness of the single-chain Fv (scFv) library construction step by overcoming the technical inefficiencies frequently encountered during the PCR-mediated assembly of scFvs from the discrete heavy and light V-domain repertoires. Using a novel primer set designed to provide maximum amplification coverage of the known germ-line V-domain repertoire, we have exploited the potential of the in vivo homologous gap-repair apparatus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to assemble intact scFvs directly from co-transformed PBMC-derived VH, VL, and linearized vector component fragments. We have successfully applied this three-fragment assembly strategy to construct a large (>10(9)) scFv yeast display library from the ascites immune repertoire of ovarian cancer patients and validated the approach by applying FACS-based sorting to readily isolate scFvs that recognize various tumor marker antigens (TMAs). It is expected that this simplified construction method may find general utility, both for de novo scFv library construction and for subsequent combinatorial affinity maturation manipulations that require more than two fragments.

A complex water network contributes to high-affinity binding in an antibody-antigen interface.

This data article presents an analysis of structural water molecules in the high affinity interaction between a potent tumor growth inhibiting antibody (fragment), J22.9-xi, and the tumor marker antigen CD269 (B cell maturation antigen, BCMA). The 1.89 Å X-ray crystal structure shows exquisite details of the binding interface between the two molecules, which comprises relatively few, mostly hydrophobic, direct contacts but many indirect interactions over solvent waters. These are partly or wholly buried in, and therefore part of, the interface. A partial description of the structure is included in an article on the tumor inhibiting effects of the antibody: “Potent anti-tumor response by targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in a mouse model of multiple myeloma”, Mol. Oncol. 9 (7) (2015) pp. 1348–58.

Clinical utility of antigen carbohydrate 125 in heart failure

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of new biomarkers with potential prognostic implication in heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, most of them do not fulfill the required criteria for being used in daily clinical practice. Tumor marker antigen carbohydrate 125 (CA125), a glycoprotein widely used for ovarian cancer monitoring, is synthesized by epithelial serous cells in response to fluid accumulation and/or cytokine stimuli. This glycoprotein has been emerged as a potential biomarker in HF. Plasma CA125 correlates with clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic parameters related to the severity of the disease. High levels have shown to be present in the majority of acutely decompensated patients, and in this setting, it has shown to be independently related to mortality or subsequent admission for acute HF. In addition, certain characteristics such as wide availability and the close correlation between plasma changes with disease severity and clinical outcomes have increased the interest of researchers about the potential of this glycoprotein for monitoring and guiding therapy in HF. In this article, we have reviewed the available evidence supporting the potential role of CA125 as a biomarker in HF.

The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to enrich circulating breast cancer cells facilitates their detection

Objective. Metastatic relapse due to early dissemination of tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis for epithelial cancer. The molecular characterization of these single cells or cell clusters that have evaded the tumor is indispensable in order to evaluate their biological behavior and metastatic potential. In this study, we established a sensitive immunomagnetic method to isolate rare cancer cells from peripheral blood based on their expression of epithelial- or tumor-cell-specific markers. Methods. Low numbers of cells of breast cancer cell lines – ZR-75-1, MCF-7, HBL-100 – were spiked into peripheral blood specimens of healthy volunteers. Enrichment of tumor cells was performed using either pre-coupled HEA and/or ErbB2 microbeads or a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies against HEA, ErbB2 and EGFR. Results. The recovery rate of spiked tumor cells correlated with the expression of the corresponding antigens. ZR-75-1 cells high expressing all three genes could be isolated to 60–71%. MCF-7 cells, which hardly express EGFR, showed a significant better recovery by using two specific antibodies in combination (50–68%) than one pre-coupled bead alone (31–42%). HBL-100 cells little expressing HEA could not be isolated with HEA microbeads and only to 27% in combination with ErbB2 beads —in contrast the use of an antibody cocktail achieved 38%. Conclusion. As tumor and epithelial specific cell marker antigens are expressed differently in disseminated tumor cells, the immunomagnetic enrichment from peripheral blood is most robust and reliable when using a combination of specific antibodies compared to single antibodies.

Identification of Glypican-3 as a novel tumor marker and cancer rejection antigen for human HCC and melanoma

Identification of Glypican-3 as a novel tumor marker and cancer rejection antigen for human HCC and melanoma

Molecular diagnosis of the hematologic cancers.

Hematologic cancers — that is, leukemias and lymphomas — usually result from somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells rather than heritable mutations. Many of these cancers have been classified on the basis of their morphology and the presence of tumor marker antigens. This review explains complementary DNA expression profiling, a genomic approach to the diagnosis of such tumors, with certain leukemias and lymphomas used as examples.

Diagnostic Value of CYFRA 21–1 Tumor Marker and CEA in Pleural Effusion Due to Mesothelioma

The aim of our study was to assess the clinical value of CYFRA 21-1 tumor marker and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as diagnostic tools that are complementary to cytology in the diagnosis of malignant mesotheliomas. We measured CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in the pleural effusions (PEs) and serum of 106 patients (benign lung disease, 34 patients; bronchogenic and metastatic carcinoma, 40 patients; mesothelioma, 32 patients). CEA and CYFRA 21--1 levels were determined by means of two commercial enzyme immunoassays. The cutoff levels of CYFRA 21--1 and CEA in malignant PEs, selected on the basis of the best diagnostic efficacy, were 41.9 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL, respectively. In all neoplastic PEs, CYFRA 21--1 and CEA sensitivity was 78% and 30.6%, respectively, with a specificity of 80% and 91%, respectively. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21--1 and CEA in patients with mesothelioma was 87.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The results of the CYFRA 21--1 assay were positive in 17 of 19 cases of mesothelioma (89.5%) with a negative or uncertain cytology. The association of the tumor marker assay and the cytology allowed a correct diagnosis in 30 of 32 cases of mesothelioma (93.7%). This study suggests that CYFRA 21--1 would provide a useful parameter for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant PE from mesothelioma when the result of cytology is negative or uncertain and the clinical context does not allow a more aggressive approach. Moreover, the association of CYFRA 21--1 with CEA could provide details for a differential diagnosis between mesotheliomas and carcinomas. In fact, an elevated CYFRA 21--1 level with a low CEA level is highly suggestive of mesothelioma, whereas high levels of CEA alone or high levels of both the markers suggest a diagnosis of malignant PE, excluding mesothelioma.

Measurement of four tumor marker antigens in the sera of pregnant women

Measurement of four tumor marker antigens in the sera of pregnant women

Measurement of four tumor marker antigens in the sera of pregnant women

We sought to determine the maternal serum levels of four tumor-associated antigens during the three trimesters of pregnancy in healthy women. CEA, CA 228, CA 15-3, and Her2/neu oncogene product p105 assay values were determined for 90 healthy pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy at five participating evaluation sites. Results were compared to means and cut-off values determined for healthy nonpregnant women. Differences in assay values in the 1st and 3rd trimester were analyzed for statistical significance (Student's t-test). CEA, CA 228 and CA 15-3 assay values in general were found to be within the normal range. CA 15-3 and Her2/neu p105 serum assay values were above the cut-off (3.3% and 8.2%, respectively) and were significantly elevated in the 3rd trimester as compared to the 1st trimester of pregnancy (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). CEA and CA 228 may be of potential value in monitoring pregnant women with malignant disease. Normal elevations in 3rd trimester serum Her2/neu p105 and CA 15-3 assay values should be considered when monitoring a pregnant patient with malignant disease.

卵巣癌腫ようマーカーの腫よう細胞内局在に関する研究

卵巣癌腫ようマーカーの腫よう細胞内局在に関する研究

Detection of Endometrial Carcinoma: Clinical Judgment Versus Histologic Examination

Dilatation and curettage (D&C) is routinely performed on patients with postmenopausal bleeding. The tendency is to rely on the results of the D&C rather than clinical judgment if the diagnosis is benign. In four of our patients treated with total abdominal hysterectomy, endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed even though earlier histologic examination with D&C had shown benign disease. All patients were 60 years of age or older. Three of the four patients had postmenopausal bleeding, and one patient had a Papanicolaou test that indicated an unexplained abnormality. All patients were obese (weighing more than 250 lb) and hypertensive. Other high-risk factors included diabetes mellitus in three and an elevated tumor marker antigen (CA125) in one. Frozen sections of tissue taken at D&C revealed no malignancy and failed to explain the postmenopausal bleeding. Rather than relying on these results, we assessed the high-risk factors and performed total abdominal hysterectomy immediately on all four patients. The results confirmed endometrial carcinoma. Immediate abdominal hysterectomy saved the patients additional anesthesia and delay in diagnosis.

Tumor Markers as Target Substances in the Radioimmunological Detection of Malignancies

Although none of the known tumor markers, including the relatively new ones characterized by monoclonal antibodies, are sufficiently sensitive or specific as to be useful in the primary diagnosis of incipient malignancies, many of them turned out, nevertheless, to be of great clinical importance: their main field of interest lies in the surveillance of the already diagnosed patient in the post-operative phase. More recently some of them, e.g. tumor proteins like CEA and AFP, hormones (HCG), some enzymes, and monoclonal antibody-characterized membrane components, are used also as target antigens for the radioimmuno-detection (RAID) of carcinomas and their metastases. Most of the tumor marker antigens were already successfully used as targets for tumor imaging with radiolabelled antibodies; however, many immunological and technical problems still remain to be resolved.