Tulczyjew Triples Research Articles

On the geometry of the Schmidt-Legendre transformation

Tulczyjew's triples are constructed for the Schmidt-Legendre transformations of both second and third-order Lagrangians. Symplectic diffeomorphisms relating the Ostrogradsky-Legendre and the Schmidt-Legendre transformations are derived. Several examples are presented.

Tulczyjew triples in higher derivative field theory

The geometrical structure known as Tulczyjew triple has been used with success in analytical mechanics and first order field theory to describe a wide range of physical systems including Lagrangian/Hamiltonian systems with constraints and/or sources, or with singular Lagrangian. Starting from the first principles of the variational calculus we derive Tulczyjew triples for classical field theories of arbitrary high order, i.e. depending on arbitrary high derivatives of the fields. A first triple appears as the result of considering higher order theories as first order ones with configurations being constrained to be holonomic jets. A second triple is obtained after a reduction procedure aimed at getting rid of nonphysical degrees of freedom. This picture we present is fully covariant and complete: it contains both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, in particular the Euler-Lagrange equations. Notice that, the required Geometry of jet bundles is affine (as opposed to the linear Geometry of the tangent bundle). Accordingly, the notions of affine duality and affine phase space play a distinguished role in our picture. In particular the Tulczyjew triples in this paper consist of morphisms of double affine-vector bundles which, moreover, preserve suitable presymplectic structures.

Tulczyjew triples: From statics to field theory

A geometric approach to dynamical equations of physics, based on the idea of the Tulczyjew triple, is presented. We show the evolution of these concepts, starting with the roots lying in the variational calculus for statics, through Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, and ending with Tulczyjew triples for classical field theories illustrated with a few important examples.

Hamiltonian dynamics and constrained variational calculus: continuous and discrete settings

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between Hamiltonian dynamics and constrained variational calculus. We describe both using the notion of Lagrangian submanifolds of convenient symplectic manifolds and using the so-called Tulczyjew triples. The results are also extended to the case of discrete dynamics and nonholonomic mechanics. Interesting applications to the geometrical integration of Hamiltonian systems are obtained.

Time-dependent mechanics and Lagrangian submanifolds of presymplectic and Poisson manifolds

A description of time-dependent mechanics in terms of Lagrangian submanifolds of presymplectic and Poisson manifolds is presented. Two new Tulczyjew triples are discussed. The first one is adapted to the restricted Hamiltonian formalism and the second one is adapted to the extended Hamiltonian formalism.

Tulczyjew triples and higher poisson/schouten structures on lie algebroids

We show how to extend the construction of Tulczyjew triples to Lie algebroids via graded manifolds. We also provide a generalisation of triangular Lie bialgebroids as higher Poisson and Schouten structures on Lie algebroids.