Tuba Root Research Articles

Effectiveness of Tuba Root (<i>Derris elliptica</i>) on Histological Structure of Rabbit Fish Liver

Rabbit fish (Siganus vermiculatus) is one of the biological resources in the sea that is widely consumed by the people in Maluku. Rabbit fish are caught during low tide with nets or by using natural resources to poison the fish, such as tuba root (Derris elliptica), which contains rotenone to make fish easy to catch. This study aimed to determining the concentration of tuba root extract that was effective against damage to the liver tissue of rabbit fish. Rabbit fish and tuba root were collected from Oma Village, Haruku Island, Central Maluku District, Maluku Province. In the study, a laboratory experiment was conducted in which the tuba root was treated with doses of 0.1 g, 0.3 g, 0.5 g and 1 g with an exposure time of 18 to 24 hours. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's post-hoc test. As a result, the lowest level of liver damage in rabbit fish was observed at a dose of 0.1 g, with a total damage of 7 ± 0.00 and 8.5 ± 0.71. Conversely, the highest level of liver damage was observed at a dose of 1 g, with a total damage of 14 ± 0.00 and 15 ± 0.00. The results of the post hoc test showed a subset value of 0.1 g dose (7.75), 0.3 g dose (9.25), 0.5 g dose (12.00), and 1 g dose (14.50). This research indicates that administering tuba root to rabbit fish can result in damage to the liver's structure. The severity of this damage is contingent upon the dose administered, whereas exposure duration does not affect the level of damage to fish organs.

THE EFFECT OF SOAKING DURATION OF TUBA ROOTS (Derris elliptica) ON THE MORTALITY OF THE WHITE-BACKED PLANTHOPPER PESTS (Metcalfa pruinosa)

Tuba root (Derris elliptica) is a plant that contains rotenone in roots where this content functions as a poison for insects, so tuba root has the opportunity to be used as a vegetable pesticide in pest control activities. Research on tuba roots as control of white-backed planthopper pests (Metcalfa pruinosa) on green deli water guava plants (Syzygium aqueum L.) has never been carried out, therefore research was conducted which aimed to determine the effect of long soaking of tuba roots (Derris elliptica) on the death of planthopper pests white back (Metcalfa pruinosa) on green deli water guava (Syzygium aqueum L.). The type of research used was experimental research using 5 treatments, namely soaking tuba roots for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data analysis technique uses the one way ANOVA test and the BNT test at the 0.05 level. The results of the one-way ANOVA test data analysis produced a significant value of less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the length of soaking tuba roots influences the death rate of white-backed planthopper pests. The treatment that has the most influence on the death of white-backed planthopper pests is application three times a week using tuba root soaking for 12 hours with a mortality rate of 36%.

Growth And Food Habits Of Pelian Fish Tor Douronensis Caught Using Tuba Root Poison In Krayan Nunukan, North Kalimantan

The use of semah fish with the local name pelian fish in nature is carried out using various methods, one of which is using tuba root plant poison. This tuba root poison is thought to have an impact on the biological condition of pelian fish and aquatic ecology. In connection with this, this research aims to analyze the size distribution, growth type and food habits of pelian fish. The research was conducted from June to August 2023 in West Krayan District, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. The results of the study showed that the length distribution of pelian fish caught using tuba root plant poison was 30.626 ± 7.048 cm, with a weight of 786.531 ± 430.066 g. The growth pattern is negative allometric with eating habits consisting of moss at 44.57%, insects at 33.04%, pieces of fruit at 10.00% and unidentified at 12.39%. Moss and insects are the main food, while fruit is a complementary food. Based on the results obtained, pelian fish in nature can be caught using moss bait. The use of high doses of tuba root can cause damage to the fish's gills, which can cause fish death as a result of not being able to neutralize rotenone.

Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time Botanical Insecticide Tuba Root Extract Against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith Larvae

Utilization of botanical insecticides is an option to control environmentally friendly Spodoptera frugiperda pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT) of botanical insecticides on the third instar larvae of S. frugiperda in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted at the Applied Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, over a period of 3 months, from September to November 2022. The concentration treatments used were 0, 2, 4, and 8 ml/L of water. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Larval mortality data was processed using probit analysis in order to determine the value of Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC95) and Lethal Time 50 (LT50). The results showed that the tuba root powder extract concentration showed LC50 and LC95 namely 0.07% equivalent to 0.7 ml/L of water and 1.53% equivalent to 15.3 ml/L of water. Meanwhile the concentration of 8 ml/L of water extract of tuba root flour causes LT50 of S. frugiperda larvae causing time to tend to be faster at 1.86 days or 44,64 hours after application. Botanical insecticides of the tuba root extract concentration show high efficacy against S. frugiperda larvae so that they can be recommended as a component for integrated pest management (IPM).

Pengaruh Kombinasi Beberapa Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy Pada Sistem Vertikultur

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice-producing plant that is one of the staple foods for the world's population, especially Indonesia. One of the factors causing a decrease in rice production is pests, the main pest of rice plants is the golden snail. The golden snail pest attack occurs on rice plant seedlings, namely in the vegetative phase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving plant-based pesticides tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) on the mortality and pest intensity of the golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Inpari 32 variety. The method used was experimental ( trial) using a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments with 5 replications so there were 30 experimental units. Treatment of D. elliptica tuba root extract concentration on rice (Oryza sativa L.) treatment A (Control), B (5g/L), C (7g/L), D (9g/L), E ( 11g/L), and F (13g/L). Tuba root extract at a concentration of 13 g/L is the best concentration which gives the highest mortality of 81.60% with the lowest attack intensity value of 29.84%. The LC50 value of the tuba root extract on the golden snail was 2.64g/L, the minimum value was 0.37g/L and the maximum was 4.164g/L. LT50 takes a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 9 days with an average time of 6-5 days. The results of calculating the correlation between mortality and the intensity of golden snail attacks on tall rice plants are -0.60. Administration of tuba root extract of D. eliptica was effective against the mortality of the golden snail P. canaliculata and the intensity of the attack by the golden snail P. canaliculata on rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Potential of tuba plant root (Derris elliptica) as a vegetable pesticide ingredient: A review

Tuba plant is a species of Derris that can be found in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunai, Thailand and the Philippines. This plant contains the toxic substance rotenone and is used by the community as a poison to catch fish. The toxicity of rotenone to fish varies between species. Therefore, there is a significant risk of non-target fish species being poisoned when rotenone is used. In addition to poisoning fish, this substance can be used to kill corn cob borers, kill cat lice, eradicate rice snails, and control caterpillar populations. The results of the review of rotenone contained in tuba plants from several studies show that the use of rotenone is effective for eradicating pests, including in Fisheries Management can eradicate unwanted pests and predatory fish, exterminating corn cob borers can control cob borers (Helicoverpa armigeran Hubner) with an initial death time of 26, 50 hours, LT50 67.50 hours and total larval mortality 87.5%, Cat lice repellent can kill cat lice (Siphonaptera), exterminate paddy snails by giving 75% and 100% tuba root extract concentration, and control the population of caterpillars by giving 50% rotenone extract. It can therefore be concluded that that tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) can be used as a vegetable pesticide because it is proven to be effective in eradicating fisheries management pests, borers on corn cobs, lice pests in cats, rice snails in rice plants, and caterpillar pests in fruit plants.

Pengaruh Akar Tuba (Derris elliptica) Terhadap Mortalitas Dan Intensitas Serangan Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata L.) Pada Padi

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice-producing plant that is one of the staple foods for the world's population, especially Indonesia. One of the factors causing a decrease in rice production is pests, the main pest of rice plants is the golden snail. The golden snail pest attack occurs on rice plant seedlings, namely in the vegetative phase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving plant-based pesticides tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) on the mortality and pest intensity of the golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Inpari 32 variety. The method used was experimental (trial) using a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments with 5 replications so there were 30 experimental units. Treatment of D. elliptica tuba root extract concentration on rice (Oryza sativa L.) treatment A (Control), B (5g/L), C (7g/L), D (9g/L), E ( 11g/L), and F (13g/L). Tuba root extract at a concentration of 13g/L is the best concentration which gives the highest mortality of 81.60% with the lowest attack intensity value of 29.84%. The LC50 value of the tuba root extract on the golden snail was 2.64g/L, the minimum value was 0.37g/L and the maximum was 4.164 g/L. LT50 takes a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 9 days with an average time of 6-5 days. The results of calculating the correlation between mortality and the intensity of golden snail attacks on tall rice plants are -0.60. Administration of tuba root extract of D. eliptica was effective against the mortality of the golden snail P. canaliculata and the intensity of the attack by the golden snail P. canaliculata on rice (Oryza sativa L.).

UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG AKAR TUBA (Derris elliptica Benth) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG Helicoverpa armigera Hubn

Pests that attack the corn crop are corn cobs borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). Pest control can be done using tubal root vegetable insecticide (Derris elliptica benth.) This study aims to obtain the best concentration of tuba root powder extract for controlling the corncob borer pests Helicoverpa Armigera H. Research was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were given several concentrations of tuba root powder extract, namely 0 gr.l-1 water, 20 gr.l-1 water, 40 gr.l-1 water, 60 gr.l-1 water, 80 gr.l-1 water and 100 gr.l-1 water. The parameters observed were initial death, lethal time of 50, lethal concentration of 50 and 95, daily mortality, and total mortality. Daily mortality data obtained from the results were analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form, data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) was used probit analysis using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, and lethal time (LT50) were statistically analyzed using variance. Data from analysis of variance will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% confident level. Application of concentration for tubal root extract 100 g-1 water was the best concentration to control larvae H. Armigera with an initial time of death 26.50 hours, LT50 67.50 hours, highest daily mortality on the fourth day by 40% and total larval mortality by 87.5%.

TOXICITY OF DERRIS ELIPTICA BENTH. ON MORTALITY OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINN LARVAE

The death of the three Aedes aegypti Linn larvae that were placed inside has been the subject of a study on the toxicity test of Derris elliptica (Benth). This study's objectives were to ascertain the effect of tuba root extract on the quantity of larval instars of three Aedes aegypti Linn, as well as to ascertain the concentration of tubal root extract that affected as larvaside by measuring Lethal Concentration (LC50). Experiment-based research is the type used. With seven concentrations and three replications over the course of 24 hrs, the research was carried out in partnership using a Randomized Complete Random Design (RAL) design. The probit analysis yields the LC50 result. The findings demonstrated that Derris eliptica extract, with an LC50 value of 125.99 ppm, had an impact on the death of instar larvae of three Ae. aegypti Linn.

Effectiveness of Pest Control of Cocoa Fruit (Conopomorpha cramerella as) Using Pruning and Vegetable Insecticide Treatment on Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L)

The sustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia is faced with the problem of the cocoa pod borer (Theobroma cacao L.). In an effort to control the main pests on cocoa plants, various techniques can be used, namely control with the use of natural insecticides and control by technical culture in the form of pruning. Natural insecticide is an insecticide whose basic ingredients come from plants that are easilybiodegradablein nature, so they do not pollute the environment and are relatively safe for humans and livestock, because the residue is easily lost. Pruning is the act of removing part of the plant organs in the form of branches, twigs and leaves with the aim of obtaining good cocoa plant branches, regulating the distribution of production branches and leaves so that they are evenly distributed, removing unwanted plant parts, stimulating the plants to grow. form new organs, reduce the risk of pest and disease attacks, and increase the ability of plants to form fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the application of botanical insecticides and pruning to the control of the cocoa pod borer (Theobroma cacao L.). The experimental design used a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments. The treatment of vegetable insecticides consisted of 4 levels, namely I0 (Without insecticide = Control), I1 (vegetable insecticide made from srikaya seeds at a dose of 250 ml/liter of water), I2 (vegetable insecticide made from tuba root with a dose of 250 ml/liter water), I3 (vegetable insecticide made from tobacco leaves at a dose of 250 ml/liter of water). The pruning treatment consisted of 3 levels, namely I4 (Without Pruning (Control), I5 (Pruning Interval 7 days after the study) and I6 (Pruning Interval 14 days after the study). Observations consisted of attack intensity, level of damage caused by PBK attack, attack index and production Control of the cocoa pod borer by pruning and botanical insecticides on cocoa plants showed a significant effect on the parameters of attack intensity and level of damage at the age of 6 weeks, and the attack index at the age of 12 weeks. 2 msp, 4 msp, 8 msp, 10 msp, 12 msp, and the parameters of the level of damage at the age of 2 msp, 4 msp, 8 msp, 10 msp, 12 msp and the plant production parameters at the age of 12 msp showed no significant effect.

The Effect of Tuba Root Extract (Derris elliptica) with Different Dosage on Survival Rate and Blood Profiles for Broodstock of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a Closed Transport System

Fish transportation activity is one of the important components in providing quality broodstock of tilapia. The study was conducted to determine the effect of extract tuba root on the blood profiles and survival of nile tilapia broodstock (Oreochromis niloticus) and also to determine the optimal dose of extract tuba root to produce the highest survival value of nile tilapia broodsctock. The fish used in this study were broodstock from Kendal, Central Java, with a wight 104±4.96 gram. The research method used was a complete randomized design experimental method (RAL) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The doses of extract tuba root were A (0 ppm), B (0.05 ppm), C (0.1 ppm), D (0.15 ppm) and E (0.2 ppm). The density of tilapia broodstock in each bag is 10 individuals with a transport time of 10 hours. The parameters measured included length of time to faint, time to recover to consciousness, blood profiles (erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin), survival rate and water quality. The addition of extract tuba root with different doses did significantly affect (P<0.05) the survival rate and leukocytes of nile tilapia broodstock after transportation, but not significantly on erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The highest SR value was treatment D (0.15 ppm) of 96.67% during transportation.

Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus Larvae to the Larvicidal Activity of Three Types of Derris elliptica Extract.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of <i>D. elliptica</i> root have high larvicidal activity against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> larvae, the primary vector of dengue but have not been understood their potential against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae, the secondary vector of dengue that also transmits Chikungunya and Zika viruses. This <i>in vitro</i> study aims to understand the larvicidal activity of the 3 extract types of <i>D. elliptica </i>root against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The tuba root extract types were obtained from the sequential extraction process with 3 steps of liquid-liquid partition as described in the previous report. Six concentrations were occupied in this experiment ranging of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg L<sup>1</sup> each concentration was 5 times replicated and placed in 250 mL plastic cups. As many as 20 of 3rd instar larvae of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were subjected in each treatment cup and larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. <b>Results:</b> Larval mortality rates based on concentration range of 13.75-97.00 and 43,75-100%, 14.00-44.00, 34.00-90.00%, 12.00-47.00 and 28.00-88.00%, with the LC<sub>50</sub> after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure were 2.925 and 0.414, 16.184, 2.900, 15.789 and 4.380 mg L<sup>1</sup>, respectively for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. <b>Conclusion:</b> The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of tuba root have high larvicidal activity against <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae. Further study on prototype formulation of larvicide and elucidation of the specific phytochemical compounds of the extracts were necessarily conducted.

The Effect Of Frequency Tuba Root Extract Applications (Derris elliptica Benth.) On The Pest Of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice plants are plagued by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Synthetic pesticides are commonly used in pest control, which have negative consequences such as secondary pest explosions, resistance, natural enemy death, revival, and contamination. As a result, a pest-control alternative is required, namely the use of vegetable pesticides derived from tuba roots (Derris elliptica Benth.). The study's goal was to see how effective tuba root extract combined with organic solvents was at controlling brown planthoppers on rice plants in greenhouses at various spraying intervals. Plant Pest Laboratory and Technical Implementation Unit for Experimental Gardens, Postgraduate Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, conducted the study. To acquire 20 experimental units, the investigation was conducted experimentally utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. Without spraying tuba root extract, spraying tuba root extract 1x1 week, 1x2 weeks, and 1x3 weeks were the treatments used. Spraying tuba root extract once a week was the most effective interval, as it reduced the brown planthopper nymph population to 38.20 imagos per clump, the imago population to 31.80 individuals per clump, and the attack intensity to 24 percent.

Social-ecological system in Depapre Bay Area of Jayapura Papua Indonesia

A Socio-Ecological Systems (SESs) are systems that connect human systems and natural systems by emphasizing that humans must be seen as part of, and cannot be separated from nature. Understanding SESs is very important as the main capital in planning the management of coastal and marine resources. The purpose of this study was to study SESs in Depapre Bay, Jayapura, Papua Province using the Drivers-Pressure-Impact-State-Responses (DPSIR) approach. Based on the research results, it was found that the issues and problems of SESs in Depapre Bay were related to the utilization of coastal and marine resources that were not environmentally friendly, such as the use of blast fishing and tuba root poisoning and development that did not consider the sustainability of coastal and marine resources. In addition, the response of the government and stakeholders has not focused on overcoming the damage to ecosystems and coastal and marine biological resources in an integrated manner. This can be seen from the programs carried out that are still partial, especially in the prevention of destructive fishing and the rehabilitation of coastal and marine ecosystems that have been damaged.

Tuba Root (Derris elliptica Benth.) Biopesticide Potential Assay to Control Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) on Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.)

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is one of rice plants' pests that attack from the nursery to the harvest stage. Controls carried out by farmers generally use synthetic insecticides. Reducing the impact caused by synthetic insecticides, an alternative that can be used to controlling the brown planthopper is by using botanical insecticide tuba root. Tuba root plants have been widely reported to control pests and contain the active ingredient rotenone. Rotenone works as a stomach poison and selective. This study aims to examine the ability of tuba root plant parts extracts (leaves, branches, and roots) with organic solvents to control brown planthopper pests in rice plants. The study was conducted in February-April 2019 at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and six replications to obtain 18 experimental units. The tuba root plant trial test consists of 3 levels: root extract, branch extract, and leaf extract with organic solvents. The parameters observed were the time of death of brown planthopper (hour), lethal meantime (LT50) (hour), daily mortality (%), and total mortality (%). The results showed that the application of root extract caused an initial death of 2.33 hours after application, LT50 17.33 hours after application with a total mortality rate of 100%. Application of botanical insecticide tuba root is effective for controlling brown planthopper pests in rice plants because it causes the death of brown planthopper above 80%.

Tuba root (Derris elliptica Benth) flour extract concentration assay to control the corn cob borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.)

Pests that attack the corn crop are cob borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). The pest control can be done using tubal root botanical insecticide (Derris elliptica Benth.). This study aims to obtain the best concentration of tuba root powder extract in controlling the corn cob borer pests H. armigera. Research has been carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were several concentrations of tuba root powder extract, namely 0 gr.l−1 of water, 20 gr.l−1 of water, 40 gr.l−1 of water, 60 gr.l−1 of water, 80 gr.l−1 of water and 100 gr.l−1 of water. The parameters observed were initial death, lethal time 50, lethal concentration 50 and 95, daily mortality and total mortality. Daily mortality data obtained from the results of the study were analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form, data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) were probit analyzed using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, lethal time (LT50), statistically analyzed using a variance. Data from analysis of variance will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The application concentration of tuba root extract with 100 g.l-1 of water is the best concentration to control larvae of H. armigera with an initial time of death 26.50 hours, 67.50 hours of LT50, highest daily mortality on the fourth day by 40% and total larval mortality by 87.5%.

Effect of botanical insecticides against Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera frugiperda or Fall Armyworm is an insect pest that highly polyphagous and considered to have greater damage than the other Spodoptera. Two botanical insecticides, i.e. aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and tuba roots (Derris elliptica) were examined for their effects in mortality (applied by contact and residue) and as a feed reduction. The mortality study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and thirty replications. One replication consists of one larva, then there are thirty larvae in one replication. The results showed that the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf and tuba roots which were applied by contact gave mortality rates as much as 50.0% and 56.7% consecutively, whereas by residual application, the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (40% mortality) was more toxic compared to aqueous extract of tuba root (23.6% mortality). Aqueous tobacco leaf and tuba root caused feeding reduction of FAW as much as 12.30% and 21.53%, respectively. This showed that these insecticides have potential to be used in the field by farmers because of its has simple preparation method.

PERAN TANAMAN SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP GIGITAN NYAMUK Aedes aegypt VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) caused by the female dengue virus Aedes aegypt causes nearly 390 million people to be infected each year. the number of dengue cases is increasing from year to year and extraordinary events (KLB) tend to occur every 5 years. Vector mosquito control still uses chemical insecticides, so alternative insecticides such as plant-based insecticides from plants that are cheap, easy to obtain, environmentally friendly and effective in killing adult mosquitoes are needed.
 Discussion: Test repelens of some plant extracts are at a dose of 100% which is able to reject mosquito bites above 80% per hour including leaf extracts of Zodia linalol and apinene as mosquito repellent fluids. Tobacco leaf extract is able to resist for 3 hours with the active substances of nicotine and alkaloid tobacco leaves. Gondopuro leaf extract is able to resist for 1 hour containing saponins. Serai Wangi leaf extract can resist for 2 hours because it contains geraniol, citronellol, citronellal, and citral. Clove leaf extract was able to resist for 4 hours as much as 81.7%. Chrysanthemum flower extract was able to resist for 1 hour as much as 89.6%, while suren leaf extract, tuba root and lavender were only able to resist Aedes aegypti mosquito bites below 80%.
 Conclusion: Plants can be plant-based insecticides and are proven effective in preventing Aedes aegypt mosquito vector bites
 
 Keywords: Aedes aegypt, dengue hemorrhagic fever, plant insecticide

Larvicidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Derris elliptica Root against the Third-Instar Larvae of Cypermethrin-Resistant Aedes aegypti Offspring.

Background:Derris elliptica extracts have a high larvicidal potential against the laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti larvae, but the effect on offspring larvae of pyrethroid-resistant strains of the species is lack understood. This study aimed to determine the larvicidal activity of the ethyl acetate extract of tuba root against the third-instar larvae of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti offspring.Methods:The experimental study occupied four levels of ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica namely 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm, and each level was four times replicated. As many as twenty of healthy third-instar larvae, offspring of Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti were subjected to each experiment group. Larval mortality rate and lethal concentration 50% subject (LC50) were calculated after 24 and 48 hours of exposure time.Results:Mortality of larvae increased directly proportional to the increase of extract concentration. Larval mortality rates after 24 and 48 hours of exposure were 40–67.5% and 62.5–97.5%, and LC50 were 34.945 and 6.461ppm, respectively.Conclusion:The ethyl acetate extract of D. elliptica has the high effectiveness larvicidal potential against the third-instar larvae, offspring of the Cypermethrin-resistant Ae. aegypti. Isolation of the specific compound is necessarily done to obtain the active ingredient for larvicide formulation.

UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG AKAR TUBA (Derris elliptica Benth.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) HAMA PADA JAGUNG MANIS

Corn is one of the important food crops besides rice. The variety of corn that is in great demand by the public is sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The main pest that often attacks sweet corn plants is Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Pest control can be carried out using botanical insecticides of tuba roots (Derris elliptica benth.). This research aims to obtain a concentration of tuba root flour extract which was effective against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory and Organic Chemistry and Natural Material Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Riau University. It was started from January to March 2020. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The treatments given were various concentrations of tuba root flour extract, namely: 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%. The results showed that the difference in the concentration of tuba root flour extract had a significant effect on killing Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The concentration of 0.75% is effective in controlling Helicoverpa armigera larvae because it has been able to kill Helicoverpa armigera by 85% with the fastest initial death time at 3.75 hours, lethal time 50 at 17.00 hours after application.