Trustworthy Relationships Research Articles

Mentoring for Medical Undergraduates - Feedback from Mentees (Need For Training of Mentors)

Objective: The need for mentoring of undergraduate medical students has been well perceived and several medical institutions have started the practice of setting up mentoring programs. Program evaluation is essential in establishing an effective mentoring program. With students being the core of the program, their expectations from the program needs due consideration to analyze the outcome efficacy of the program. This study was done as part of program evaluation to analyze the opinion of mentees on impact of mentoring and on mentee-mentor relationship. The aim was to use the input of this feedback to improve the conduction of the program for the next batch of students. Material & Methods: A mentoring program was started for 150 1stM.B.B.S students . After one year a feedback questionnaire with 15 likert type items and 4 open ended questions was given. The questions were pertaining to process , outcome of program and mentor-mentee relationships. Two of the open ended questions were based on concept of negative mentoring. 125 students gave feedback voluntarily. Results: 85% of mentees agreed upon the need for mentoring for all students. Majority felt that mentoring had only helped in academics and not in improving behavior. More than 50% agreed that mentors should be involved in personal aspects besides academics. Responses to open ended questions has well expressed their expectations from mentors and perceived lacunae . There was a clear perception on the need for quality in mentoring. Their responses has also given us a list of causes for discordant mentor-mentee relationship, majority of which can be rectified by training mentors. Conclusion: Feedback from students after implementing a mentoring program can be considered very essential for effective mentoring. The feedback has exposed the need to have good mentors who can build a satisfying trustworthy mentoring relationship. Training for mentors can be an effective solution and should be a part of the mentoring program early during the planning phase. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4807 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 151-158

Resisting Boys, Resisting Teachers

How do teachers build an understanding of their relationships with the boys they teach? This article examines an inherent complexity in the teacher-boy relationship that is rooted in a fundamental relational tension: genuine learning requires the development and nurturing of trustworthy relationships, yet many boys are faced with a cultural mandate of separation from relationships, especially care-giving ones such as parents and teachers. One area in which boys’ negotiation of this paradox is visible is in the examination of some boys’ resistances to their teachers, the curriculum of school, and school culture. Through an action research qualitative, relational methodology, this article examines teachers’ understandings of this paradox. Participants were members of a Teaching Boys Study Group, a forum of teachers dedicated to studying teaching, gender and relationship. Findings of this study reveal that when participating teachers confronted boys’ resistances in school, they were engaging a critical intersection of their teaching identities, culture and relationship. Specifically, they confronted a relational paradox that challenged their sense of self as teacher and connections with the boys they taught.

Exploring the impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer behaviour in India

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is playing an increasingly prominent role in today’s business environment. Worldwide, the most admired companies abide by a code of serving people’s interests, not only their own. Indian organisations have also realised that besides growing their businesses it is also vital to build trustworthy and sustainable relationships with the community at large. In India, the effect of CSR though not profound, is evident in small efforts the industry is making. Despite this increasing emphasis on CSR in the marketplace, little is known about the effects of CSR actions on consumers especially in India. This study focuses on investigating the impact of CSR on consumer behaviour in India. In this research, emphasis is on examining consumers’ awareness about CSR activities of firms, their reactions towards socially responsible organisations and impact on their intention to purchase goods.

Buyer perceptions on the buyer-supplier collaborative relationship and performance: a service example

Increasing need to improve efficiency and/or productivity and achieve competitive advantage causes organisations to look into collaborative relationships with their supply chain partners. This study examines how buyer-supplier collaboration contributes to relationship outcomes as measured by supplier delivery performance, buyer perceived business performance and revenue. Surveys collected from 57 managers of a US service organisation reveal the significance of knowledge transfer in improving buyer performance and supplier delivery performance. Also, knowledge transfer is a key mediator explaining the association between supplier relationship management and performance constructs when buyer-supplier relationship length is added to the model. If buyer and suppliers are in a trustworthy and sustainable relationship, they will be more likely learn from each other, respond to each other’s concerns and problems that in turn improve business performance. Buyer and suppliers can use these results to better understand the implications of knowledge management in the supply chain.

Trust between nursing management and staff in critical care: a literature review

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the topic of trust between nurses and nurse managers in the context of critical care units. A comprehensive literature review exploring the concept of trust between nurse and nurse managers was undertaken. Search terms were used both singularly and in combination and 71 relevant citations were found. Abstracts were read and in total 20 peer reviewed articles were retained as a result of consistency with project aims. Trust emerged as an essential component in the nurse-patient relationship. However, trust among staff and management received little attention. Trust emerges as an important attribute of effective nurse managers. Nurse managers need to appreciate the importance of fostering a trustworthy relationship with subordinates. Engendering trust between management and staff empowers staff and has positive organizational outcomes.

Características, efectividad y desafíos de la visita domiciliaria en programas de intervención temprana

The authors reviewed papers published between 1999 and 2009 in journals indexed in PsycInfo, PubMED, EBSCO and ProQuest concerning the characteristics, effectiveness and challenges of home visit programmes orientated towards early childhood intervention, clarifying the research's scope and limitations and its applications. Home visiting has been shown to be effective for a variety of relevant areas, especially for developing parent skills and child-caregiver relationships. The most effective programmes have started at pregnancy, lasted more than a year, had specially trained staff and have focused on building a trustworthy relationship and on modelling the infant-caregiver interaction. The importance of considering target population characteristics, the visiting model used and the visitor agent was identified in designing these programmes. In spite of the evidence accumulated in Anglo-Saxon studies, the costs associated with these programmes can be very high, thereby implying barriers which can make their dissemination difficult in Latin-American countries. The authors discuss the need for developing and evaluating other variants (i.e. including community agents), considering their cost/effectiveness ratio for treating early childhood problems, needs and characteristics in Latin-America.

Make or buy in a mature industry? models of client - supplier relationships under TCT and RBV perspectives

In this paper, we use the transaction cost theory [TCT] and the resource-based view [RBV] to discuss three propositions on the models of client-supplier relationships in mature industries. The two theories seem to advance different organizational forms of the client-supplier relationships, and in some instances are contradictory. How should firms organize to prosper and grow, namely in the international markets? Through the case study of three Portuguese packaging firms, with primary (interviews) and secondary data, we discuss how the three firms deploy three distinct strategic organization models in a mature industry. One firm utilizes market-based governance mechanisms, and concentrates its production in a few selected locations. Another firm vertically integrates almost the entire value chain of the product to provide full service to its clients. The third firm operates in a model of integrated outsourcing, with the installation wall to wall with its clients. The client-supplier models adopted by these firms are based on efficient, stable, and trustworthy relationships that permit them to focus on their core competences and reduce transaction costs. The superior performance of firms requires a proper alignment of hierarchical and relational governance, taking the dimensions of their transactions into consideration.

School Principals’ Influence on Trust: Perspectives of Mothers of Children with Disabilities

ABSTRACT The authors employed a qualitative research design to explore issues of trust in family–professional relationships. They specifically focused on the nature of trust between mothers of children with disabilities and school principals. Analysis of the mothers’ responses to face-to-face interview questions yielded two primary categories related to their perspectives regarding principals: (a) personal and professional principal attributes and (b) principal actions within the education system, with students, and with students’ families. Subcategories were developed that further delineated the relationships participants had with the principals of their children's educational programs. The authors address implications for school leadership and the establishment of trustworthy family-professional relationships, especially as they impact the lives of students and families in need of special education support.

Female adolescents' views on a youth-friendly clinic.

To assess satisfaction among female patients of a youth-friendly clinic and to determine with which factors this was associated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in an adolescent clinic in Lausanne, Switzerland, between March and May 2008. All female patients who had made at least one previous visit were eligible. Three hundred and eleven patients aged 12-22 years were included. We performed bivariate analysis to compare satisfied and non-satisfied patients and constructed a log-linear model. Ninety-four percent of patients were satisfied. Satisfied female adolescents were significantly more likely to feel that their complaints were heard, that the caregiver understood their problems, to have no change of physician, to have received the correct treatment/help and to follow the caregiver's advice. The log-linear model highlighted four factors directly linked with patient satisfaction: outcome of care, continuity of care, adherence to treatment and the feeling of being understood. The main point for female adolescent patient satisfaction lies in a long-term, trustworthy relationship with their caregiver. Confidentiality and accessibility were secondary for our patients.

A universal access control method based on host identifiers for Future Internet

There have been many security events in the Internet. Many of them are due to arbitrary access permissions to the network resources of the malicious users, especially their free sending packets to anywhere in the network. However, current existing solutions such as ingress filtering and network firewalls cannot solve the problem of malicious access to the network flexibly and effectively. In this paper, we present an efficient access control method based on host identifiers, in which a safe and bidirectional authentication process is introduced whenever the host begins to access the network. Meanwhile, all the succeeding information exchanges between the host and the network can be controlled through the encrypt scheme negotiated during the access authentication process. Through analysis and experiments, we find that the proposed method has the following merits. First, our method has the capability to support various end-nodes to access the Internet in a uniform way. Second, with our method, end-nodes and the core network can establish a mutual trustworthy relationship to avoid any spoof from the other side. Third, our method can support host mobility very well.

Female adolescents' views on a youth-friendly clinic.

To assess satisfaction among female patients of a youth-friendly clinic and to determine with which factors this was associated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in an adolescent clinic in Lausanne, Switzerland, between March and May 2008. All female patients who had made at least one previous visit were eligible. Three hundred and eleven patients aged 12-22 years were included. We performed bivariate analysis to compare satisfied and non-satisfied patients and constructed a log-linear model. Ninety-four percent of patients were satisfied. Satisfied female adolescents were significantly more likely to feel that their complaints were heard, that the caregiver understood their problems, to have no change of physician, to have received the correct treatment/help and to follow the caregiver's advice. The log-linear model highlighted four factors directly linked with patient satisfaction: outcome of care, continuity of care, adherence to treatment and the feeling of being understood. The main point for female adolescent patient satisfaction lies in a long-term, trustworthy relationship with their caregiver. Confidentiality and accessibility were secondary for our patients.

Perceived usefulness of business succession planning and chartered accountants’ involvement in the process

This study provides qualitative data on the business succession (BS) planning process of a sample of New Zealand small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the usefulness of that process and the usefulness of Chartered Accountants’ (CAs’) input into BS planning. Interviews of owners of five provincial family SMEs revealed that BS planning was undertaken in a semi-formal manner and was useful in planning for change to a ‘more balanced lifestyle’, providing reassurance to family members and maintaining business continuity. Assistance from CAs was essential for the technical and financial issues of BS. Successful advice was enhanced by a long-term, trustworthy and honest relationship between the CA and the client. SME owners preferred to address the emotional and personal relationship issues of succession without input from the CA. Four recommendations to CAs on their involvement in BS planning are suggested.

Sexual maltreatment of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors from the Horn of Africa: A mixed method study focusing on vulnerability and prevention

Objectives The study described in this paper sought to identify the social, cultural, and political factors that effect African unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors’ (UASM) vulnerability to sexual maltreatment in England. It aimed to illuminate how child protection measures could be strengthened for this highly marginalized group. Methods A mixed method approach was used. Former UASM from Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia who had been sexually maltreated in the UK were interviewed in-depth. Prior to the interviews they all completed a questionnaire which captured their biographical details as well as sensitive but factual information. Results Of the 53 ( N = 53) former UASM who participated in the study only 2 were males. Most arrived in the UK aged 15–17. A range of sexual maltreatment, from sexual harassment to rape was reported. Three quarters experienced more than 1 incident. Most initial incidents happened in the first 12 months of their arrival in the UK. Two perpetrators were female carers. Many participants reported being groomed and sexually maltreated by people from their own country. Many described being seriously sexually maltreated, particularly by groups of young males living in the same accommodation or nearby, some reportedly also asylum seekers. Participants that had been warned of the dangers of sexual maltreatment were more likely to both disclose and to seek professional help. Conclusions Professionals should assume that UASM will suffer sexual maltreatment in their host country if not protected adequately, which they are unlikely to disclose. They are likely to need more protection from outside sources and help to develop their personal resources than many have received in the past. Practice implications Preventative measures include provision of safer environments, ideally single sex housing; more monitoring and supervision; more opportunities to develop trustworthy relationships and have emotional needs met; greater opportunities to develop language skills/access to interpretation; early information regarding the social system, culture, and sexual maltreatment; and improved professional awareness and competence in dealing with minors from other cultures.

Compliance with psychotropic medication treatment among adolescents living in youth care centres

The objective of this study is to study the factors associated with attitudes towards psychotropic medications and treatment compliance behaviours among adolescents living in youth care centres. One hundred fifty-one adolescents from youth care centres in five administrative regions of Québec who were receiving at least one psychotropic medication participated in the study. The adolescents, as well as their tutor youth workers, answered questionnaires rating attitudes towards medications, compliance behaviours, coping strategies, symptoms and difficulties, medications prescribed, readiness to change, and the therapeutic relationship with the prescriber. Results show that boys and girls differ significantly with regard to attitudes and behaviours towards psychotropic medication. Among girls, anxiety perceived by the tutor youth worker is the only variable correlated with attitudes towards medications and with compliance behaviours. Among boys, coping strategies type, use of mood stabilizers, a trustworthy relationship with the prescriber, and the nature of the behavioural problems perceived by the tutor youth worker are associated with attitudes towards medications; readiness to change and explicit aggressive behaviours are associated with compliance behaviours. This is an indication that attitudes towards psychotropic medications are linked to gender differences. The practical application from this study is to promise an improved management of young people taking psychotropic medication. Intervention must be tailored to the needs of the individual adolescent and take account of gender differences.

Supply chain partners' trust building process through risk evaluation: the perspectives of UAE packaged food industry

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify the up‐stream supply chain member's (manufacturers, suppliers, supplier's service providers) characteristics, economics, dynamic capabilities, technology and institutional perspectives of risk in relationship to develop a trust building model through risk evaluation and to address the issue: should a supply chain member strive to build the trust or strive to reduce the risk with its members and from which perspectives?Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework was developed considering five key perspectives (characteristics, economics, dynamic capabilities, technology and institutions) to evaluate the member's risk in relationship and derived the hypothesis from the framework. A survey was conducted in UAE packaged food industry upstream supply chain covering senior managers of 102 companies. Data were analysed using multiple regression analyses through SPSS. The selected supply chain members of this industry include packaged food products companies as manufacturers, packaging material converters as suppliers of packaging material to manufacturers and packaging raw material suppliers as supplier's suppliers of manufacturer.FindingsFrom the survey results it is found that characteristic and institutional risk perspectives influence significantly to initiate a trustworthy relationship. Economics, dynamic capabilities and technology risk perspectives play a significant role to maintain trust in relationship. No perspective of members is found to be significantly risk‐free.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has identified the perspectives of risk that can initiate and build trust between supply chain members in the context of a global business environment with a strong institutional system. Further research is required to identify the supply chain member's risk‐worthy characteristics, threshold levels of risk bearing capacity and the extent to which the institutions can reduce the membership risk to build trust.Practical implicationsThe study results suggest that the supply chain members should strive to reduce the membership risk levels to build trust rather than striving to build trust to reduce the risk. As long as a member's risk levels are within their bearable limits trust can be considered as a risk coping mechanism and when the risk levels exceed their bearable limits the subject of trust turns into risk management/security management.Originality/valueThis study may be one of the first to develop a trust building model through a risk evaluation process and also one of the first to study the trust in supply chain member's relationship in UAE. Findings from this research should prove useful to management researchers and practitioners.

Locating Community in Women's Experiences of Trauma, Recovery, and Empowerment

Feminist interpretive methods informed our understanding of the role of the community and family-based services in women's trauma and recovery. Amy's story illustrates how trustworthy community relationships have a role in healing past experiences of isolation and points to the need for community supports to understand their power and responsibility to facilitate women's individual and family empowerment.

HRM and Performance: Achievements, Methodological Issues and Prospects

Twenty years ago Guest (1987) published his normative framework describing the essence of HRM. He presented HRM as a new approach to personnel management, emphasizing its strategic contribution, its closer alignment to business, the involvement of line management, and focusing on HRM outcomes like commitment, flexibility and quality. The achievement of these human resource outcomes was, in turn, expected to contribute to a range of positive organizational outcomes, including high job performance, low turnover, low absence and high cost-effectiveness through the full utilization of employees, now relabelled as human resources. Put this way, it is not difficult to understand the wide appeal that the notion of HRM had (and still has) to academics and practitioners alike. It led to the renaming of chairs/departments within universities and to changed job titles in the business community. The attractiveness of the concept of HRM increased considerably when Huselid, in 1995, published a ground-breaking paper in the Academy of Management Journal in which he demonstrated a correlation between the degree of sophistication of HR-systems and the market value per employee among a range of publicly quoted companies in the USA. The paper generated admiration, criticism and an abundance of 'me too' research, trying to replicate the proclaimed relationship between HRM and Performance (Delery and Doty, 1996; Guthrie, 2001; Koch and McGrath, 1996; Wright et al., 2003). Since then many academics on both sides of the Atlantic have become active in this field, with a special focus on the relationship between HRM and Performance. Within this rapidly expanding field of study, the HRM–Performance relationship has been approached from a variety of perspectives rooted in organizational behaviour, sociology, economics, industrial relations and organizational psychology, with a particular emphasis placed on the impact of various combinations of human resource practices on a range of performance outcomes at the individual and organizational level of analysis.

Practical Applications: 22 Guidelines for Counseling and Psychotherapy

This article describes 22 principles for the conduct of therapy or counseling, most of which are also applicable to all human relationships. The creation of a safe space and a caring, trustworthy relationship is essential to therapy and basic to the helping process. Conducting therapy requires the application of the highest ethics and ideals.

Embracing Contraries: Combining Assistance and Assessment in New Teacher Induction

Background/Context Although the induction literature has traditionally recommended separating assistance and assessment, there has been growing recognition that assessment is integral to promoting and gauging teacher quality. This has led to increased interest in approaches to new teacher induction that meld support, development, assessment and accountability. Focus of Study This article provides images of mentoring from two well-regarded induction programs that integrate assistance and assessment to promote quality teaching. The programs are the Peer Assistance and Evaluation Program (PAEP) in Cincinnati, and the Santa Cruz New Teacher Project (SCNTP). The article highlights the possibilities and pitfalls of each approach. Research Design The research uses a qualitative case study design involving multiple layers of data collection. Program level data included interviews with program leaders, analysis of program documentation, and observations of staff meetings and mentor training. We observed program implementation by shadowing experienced mentors as they worked with new teachers and asked each mentors in our sample to submit documentation of one year's work with one successful and one struggling new teacher. Conclusions A comparative analysis reveals that assistance and assessment can coexist. Participating in assessment and evaluation did not prevent mentors from forming trustworthy relationships, although it sometimes made that more challenging. In both programs mentors were highly regarded teachers, carefully chosen, with extensive professional expertise. They earned respect by establishing credibility as useful support providers. Mentors addressed novices’ concerns, but they also assessed how new teachers were meeting students’ learning needs. In both programs, new teachers set professional goals and were expected to demonstrate progress towards those goals. Mentoring conversations structured around “records of practice” provided opportunities to move beyond self-report and personal opinion. Mentoring can be most educative when mentors engage in assistance and assessment structured by appropriate frameworks and processes, get support from a professional community that upholds professional teaching standards, and receive training and ongoing professional development to carry out their important responsibility.

The link between cultural value systems and strategic marketing

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make clear how managers in Western organizations can understand the Japanese and Korean cultural value system and interpret the strategic decision‐making process that exists within organizations exhibiting a collectivist culture.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was undertaken and several studies, either jointly or separately undertaken by the authors, were drawn upon in order to provide depth to the analysis and interpretation.FindingsAlthough there are similarities between Japanese and Korean people, there are a number of distinct differences between them. These differences have come about as a result of Buddhism and Confucianism being adopted at different points in each country's history, and the fact that these countries have developed their own unique cultural value system. The differences manifest in organizational characteristics, which provide Japanese and Korean organizations with a specific identity, management model and way of doing business. What is evident, however, is that managers in both Japanese and Korean organizations are familiar with the relationship marketing concept and actively embrace the strategic marketing approach.Research limitations/implicationsUndertaking research into national cultural value systems and organizational cultural value systems is complex and requires an interdisciplinary approach. It can also be suggested that more emphasis needs to be placed on undertaking research of this kind in both Japan and Korea. Furthermore, it is advocated that a longitudinal study is undertaken in order to provide both evidence of how organizational cultural value systems within a collectivist culture change through time, and how cultural traits influence the decision‐making process.Practical implicationsManagers in Western organizations will be able to relate to the value systems of Japanese and Korean organizations and as a consequence, will understand how long‐term trustworthy relationships are developed. This should facilitate the negotiation of business deals and result in business partnerships being developed that are based on mutuality.Originality/valueThe interdisciplinary approach adopted allowed the authors to view culture from several perspectives and to link more firmly national cultural value systems with organizational cultural value systems, and with organizational identity. By adopting this research strategy, the authors were able to explain how organizational identity is influenced by and reinforced by the concept of strategic marketing.