Trust In Sources Research Articles

Advice from a Doctor or AI? Understanding Willingness to Disclose Information Through Remote Patient Monitoring to Receive Health Advice

Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) devices transmit patients' medical indicators (e.g., blood pressure) from the patient's home testing equipment to their healthcare providers, in order to monitor chronic conditions such as hypertension. AI systems have the potential to enhance access to timely medical advice based on the data that RPM devices produce. In this paper, we report on three studies investigating how the severity of users' medical condition (normal vs. high blood pressure), security risk (low vs. modest vs. high risk), and medical advice source (human doctor vs. AI) influence user perceptions of advisor trustworthiness and willingness to disclose RPM-acquired information. We found that trust mediated the relationship between the advice source and users' willingness to disclose health information: users trust doctors more than AI and are more willing to disclose their RPM-acquired health information to a more trusted advice source. However, we unexpectedly discovered that conditional on trust, users disclose RPM-acquired information more readily to AI than to doctors. We observed that the advice source did not influence perceptions of security and privacy risks. We conclude by discussing how our findings can support the design of RPM applications.

Knowledge and attitudes about genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings among foresters and family forest landowners in Georgia, United States

This study aims to estimate the adoption rate of genetically advanced loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings and better understand the factors influencing seedling choice among family forest landowners and consulting foresters in Georgia, a major forestry state in the Southern United States. We conducted two online surveys, one for landowners and one for registered foresters in Georgia. Our findings reveal that the adoption rate, self-reported knowledge, and positive perceptions of genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings were high among respondents of both surveys. The adoption rate was 13.5% of all managed forestlands by foresters (29.3% for managed loblolly pine stands) and 18.0% of all the forestlands (37.4% of managed loblolly pine stands) owned by family forest landowners. Reasons for adopting among both groups included fast growth and favorable financial outcomes. However, barriers to adoption include cost, beliefs that other factors are equally or more important than the genetics of seedlings, and the need for more evidence. Furthermore, a high proportion of each group expressed an interest in adopting genetically advanced seedlings for increasing carbon revenue over time. Our findings suggest that more research about the related benefits is needed to increase the adoption of genetically advanced loblolly pine seedlings. We also found that communicating these benefits using trusted sources is also necessary. Our study will feed into the growing movement for using better genetics to improve forest productivity and reduce forest health issues in Georgia and beyond, especially on family forestlands, as they supply the majority of roundwood and other forest-based ecosystem services.

EHealth Communication Intervention to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Middle-School Girls: Development and Usability Study.

As the age of initiating sexual intercourse has gradually decreased among South Korean adolescents, earlier vaccination of adolescents for human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary before their exposure to HPV. Health communication includes "cues to action" that lead to preventive health behaviors, and recently, social networking services, which operate with fewer time and space constraints, have been used in various studies as a form of eHealth communication. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and usability of an eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination in middle-school girls aimed at the girls and their mothers. The eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination was developed using a 6-step intervention mapping process: needs assessments, setting program outcomes, selection of a theory-based method and practical strategies, development of the intervention, implementation plan, and testing the validity of the intervention. A review of 10 studies identified effective health communication messages, delivery methods, and theories for HPV vaccination among adolescents. Barriers including low knowledge, perceived threat, and the inconvenience of taking 2 doses of the vaccine were identified through focus groups, suggesting a need for youth-friendly and easy-to-understand information for adolescents delivered via mobile phones. The expected outcomes and the performance objectives are specifically tailored to reflect the vaccination intention. Behavior change techniques were applied using trusted sources and a health belief model. Health messages delivered through a KakaoTalk chatbot improved awareness and self-efficacy. Quality control was ensured with the use of a log system. The experts' chatbot usability average score was 80.13 (SD 8.15) and the average score of girls was 84.06 (SD 7.61). Future studies need to verify the effectiveness of health communication strategies in promoting HPV vaccination and the effectiveness of scientific intervention using a chatbot as a delivery method for the intervention.

Citizen needs towards personalised medicine and genetic testing: results from a European survey

Abstract Introduction Personalised Medicine (PM) aims to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for patients. Despite technological advancements in this field, public awareness of PM remains limited, representing a barrier to its clinical integration. Methods We conducted a survey across eight European Countries (France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain) via the private platform YouGov, in April 2023. Our web questionnaire explored knowledge of PM, willingness to embrace it, and trust in information delivered by mass media. Results Of 6,581 respondents, approximately 42% lacked sufficient knowledge of PM and genetic testing, while 36.3% found information about the topic not easily accessible. Healthcare providers were the most trusted source of information (according to 80% of responders), followed by educational institutions (71.4%). Education, age, and gender significantly influenced the acceptance of PM and mass media trust, highlighting the association between high education level, readiness to embrace PM, and high trust in academic sources of information. Additionally, age, gender, and geographical location influenced the perception of PM and genetic tests in various ways across Europe. Despite the geographical differences, 63.2% of respondents want to know more about PM, and 60% support its implementation in clinical practice. Conclusions Although the growing interest in PM genetic, and -omics technologies, large sections of the population still lack access to information and understanding, indicating a disconnection between technological advancements and public awareness. The study emphasizes the importance of providing focused citizen engagement initiatives to implement PM approaches. Citizen participation in defining personalised diagnostic and therapeutic pathways is vital to empower individuals and enable them to make informed health choices. Key messages • Understanding European citizens’ attitudes and needs regarding Personalised Medicine is crucial for creating policies and facilitating access to new technologies and treatments. • Despite limited knowledge, European Citizen recognize the importance of Personalised Medicine for their health, seek further understanding, and place trust in Academic Sources of Information.

Dynamic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Cameroon between 2021 and 2022.

Little is known about attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa, where immunisation coverage is the lowest in the world. The study aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake in Cameroon, and assess changes in these factors over a period of time. The study was conducted in the ten regions of Cameroon. The authors conducted a two-phase cross-sectional survey in the 10 regions of Cameroon, from July 2021 to August 2021 (Phase one) and from August 2022 to September 2022 (Phase two). We analysed reasons for vaccine hesitancy descriptively and used logistic regression to assess factors associated with hesitancy. Overall, we enrolled 12 109 participants: 6567 (54.23%) in Phase one and 5542 (45.77%) in Phase two. Of these, 8009 (66.14%) were not interested in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (n = 4176 in Phase one, n = 3833 in Phase two). The refusal rate increased significantly in the northern region from 27.00% in Phase 1 to 60.00% in Phase two. The leading contributor to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was fear that the vaccine was dangerous, which was significantly associated (95% confidence interval [CI], p < 0.05%) with vaccine refusal in both phases. Overall, 32.90% of participants (n = 2578) perceived the COVID-19 vaccine to be dangerous. Advanced age, male gender, Muslim religion and low level of education were associated with vaccine acceptance. Participants reported that healthcare workers were the most trusted source of information about the COVID-19 vaccine by 5005 (42.84%) participants. Despite the investment of the Ministry of Health and its partners in community engagement, focussing on communication about the vaccine efficacy, tolerance and potential adverse events, fear of the vaccine remains high, likely leading to vaccine hesitancy in Cameroon between 2021 and 2022. The study highlight regional variations in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Cameroon, with factors age, gender, religion and education influencing willingness to vaccine. Trust in health workers was high, indicating that, tailored, community-led vaccination strategies are key for improving vaccine uptake, not only for COVID-19 but also for future epidemics.

What do they look for and what do they find? A coproduced qualitative study on young people's experiences of searching for mental health information online.

Many young people (YP) struggle with their mental health and look online for help. To capitalise on their digital presence, we need to better understand how and where they seek information online and what they think of what they find. We recruited 24 YP (aged 13-18 years). Online interviews were co-conducted by research team members and trained young researchers. We presented a persona with depression symptoms and asked about potential sources of information/support they might seek. They were also asked to think aloud while searching online and reviewing mental health resources (NHS, Young Minds). We used reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis generated four themes: (1) the online help-seeking process, showcasing where YP look for information and why; (2) the mismatch between the information YP expected to find and the reality; (3) the strategies YP employed to determine a source's trust and credibility and (4) individual differences that can influence help-seeking. Participants initiated their online search by Googling symptoms. They trusted NHS websites for basic medical information, while charities provided detailed content. Despite scepticism about content, social media offered validation. Online resources should prioritise visual appeal, user-friendliness, age-appropriate and personalised content and peer insights. Codesign is imperative to ensure high-quality, impactful research.

Exploring differences in perceived barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake and testing intention by vaccination status and testing hesitancy among rural Latino communities in Southwest Florida

ABSTRACT Background: Identifying factors impacting vaccination and testing for COVID-19 is crucial to reduce health disparities, especially for rural/agricultural, low access and high poverty Latino communities disproportionately affected by the pandemic. This study examined differences in perceived barriers and facilitators (such as values, beliefs, and concerns) to COVID-19 vaccine uptake and testing intention by vaccination status and testing hesitancy among rural Latino community members in Southwest Florida. Methods: Rural Latino community members (N = 493) completed a cross-sectional survey in Spanish (86.0%) or English (14.0%) on perceived COVID-19 vaccine/testing barriers and facilitators, as well as demographics, mental health, medical history, health perceptions, and health literacy. Results: At the time of the survey, approximately 43% of participants were unvaccinated and 46.4% were testing hesitant. Significantly more vaccinated participants acknowledged keeping their family (d = .25), community (d = .27), and themselves (d = .22) safe as facilitators to vaccination (ps < .001). Among the unvaccinated participants, the most common concerns for getting vaccinated were side effects (d = −.53) and lack of knowledge about how the vaccine works (d = −.35, ps < .001). Testing hesitant participants reported concerns including not knowing where to get tested (d = −.25, p = 0.01) and less confidence in a positive test result (d = −.40, p < 0.001). Doctors and faith leaders were ranked as the most trusted information sources across groups. In logistic regression models, vaccination was linked to age, gender, education, and protecting others, while concerns about needles and side effects reduced odds; testing was driven by education, anxiety, hope, and safety concerns. Conclusion: Promoting family and community safety may be effective facilitators influencing vaccine and testing intention in rural Latino communities. Enhanced education by trusted information sources, such as doctors and faith leaders may alleviate associated concerns. Our findings may inform actions for future pandemics. Further studies should determine the generalizability of our findings across other rural migrant communities and other vaccines.

Health information, what do people search and where? a cross-sectional online survey study in the adult Swiss population.

Health promotion and disease prevention are crucial for improving public health and alleviating the burden of illness in the population. This study aimed to investigate, the sources of health information most used and trusted, and the health topics most searched, by means of a nationwide cross-sectional online survey of a representative sample of the adult Swiss general population. Overall, complete surveys of 2020 participants were analysed (mean age 47 years old, 51% male, and matching the Swiss population regarding age, sex, and language-speaking region). Sources' use were calculated with descriptive statistics per sex and age groups. The most frequently used sources were general practitioners (min: 46% to max: 73%), government websites (40% to 55%), family and friends (37% to 63%), pharmacy (33% to 46%), and television (21% to 57%). The most trusted sources were specialised physicians (94% to 98%) general practitioners (90% to 96%), and pharmacies (81% to 89%). Based on multivariable controlled regression, age (per five years increase) was associated with increased odds of using television (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.12 to 1.21), print media (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.19), radio (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.10 to 1.20), and the general practitioner (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.15), and decreased odds of using news websites (OR: 0.94, 95% CI:0.9 to 0.98), family and friends (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.9 to 0.98), foreign authorities websites (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.86 to 0.97), and social media (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.92). Women were more likely to seek health information in the pharmacy (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.68), specialised physicians (OR: 1.39, 95% CI:1.13 to 1.72), television (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.72), and books (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.5). The most searched health topics, based on the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition (ICPC2), were general and unspecified symptoms (20.9%) and musculoskeletal issues (19.4%). The use of these findings by policymakers and health care providers could potentially enhance the effectiveness of health-related education strategies, by aligning communication efforts with the populations' preferences and content needs, and allocating resources where they are most commonly accessed and trusted, namely in the general practice.

Trust in context: The impact of regulation on blockchain and DeFi

AbstractTrust is a key resource in financial transactions. Traditional financial institutions, and novel blockchain‐based decentralized financial (DeFi) services rely on fundamentally different sources of trust and confidence. The former relies on heavy regulation, trusted intermediaries, clear rules (and restrictions) on market competition, and long‐standing informal expectations on what banks and other financial intermediaries are supposed to do or not to do. The latter rely on blockchain technology to provide confidence in the outcome of rules encoded in protocols and smart contracts. Their main promise is to create confidence in the way the blockchain architecture enforces rules, rather than to trust banks, regulators, and markets. In this article, we compare the trust architectures surrounding these two financial systems. We provide a deeper analysis of how proposed regulation in the blockchain space affects the code‐ and confidence‐based architectures which so far have underwrote DeFi. We argue that despite the solid safeguards and guarantees which code can offer, the confidence in DeFi is still very much dependent on more traditional trust‐enhancing mechanisms, such as code governance, and antifraud regulation to address some of the issues which currently plague this domain, and which have no immediate, purely software‐based solutions. What is more, given the risks of bugs or scams in the DeFi space, regulation and trusted intermediaries may need to play a more active role, in order for DeFi to gain the trust of the next generation of users.

Association of the belief in conspiracy narratives with vaccination status and recommendation behaviours of German physicians

Vaccine hesitancy has been identified as one of the top ten threats to global health by the World Health Organization (WHO). The belief in conspiracy narratives is repeatedly discussed as a major driver of vaccine hesitancy among the general population. However, there is a lack of research investigating the role of the belief in conspiracy narratives in vaccination decisions and recommendation behaviours of physicians. This is particularly relevant as physicians are one of the major and trusted sources of information for patients’ vaccination decisions. This study therefore investigated the association between believing in COVID-19-related conspiracy narratives and physicians’ own COVID-19 vaccination status and their recommendation behavior for COVID-19 and other vaccines (e.g., HPV or flu). In a cross-sectional survey among German physicians (N = 602, April 2022) two conspiracy narratives were assessed, stating that the coronavirus is a hoax or that it is human-made. Additional control variables included trust in health institutions, the rejection of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility) and demographic variables. Hierarchical regressions indicated that greater belief in the conspiracy narrative claiming that the coronavirus is a hoax was associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination uptake and fewer COVID-19 vaccination recommendations among physicians. The results for recommendation behavior remain robust even when controlling for other variables. Contrary to our assumption, believing that the coronavirus is human-made was not related to vaccination status nor vaccine recommendation behavior. In conclusion, believing in conspiracy narratives that question the existence and thus also the danger of the virus is an important independent predictor of vaccine hesitancy among physicians that should be addressed in future public health interventions.

Digital Literacy Practice: Pedagogical Approach with CoPORA Model on Students’ Performances in Writing Classroom

Objective: This study aims to describe the impact of the CoPORA model on EFL university students’ performances in accessing, communicating, integrating, evaluating, and creating information using social media in a writing classroom. Method: Data were collected using interview techniques from EFL university students and analyzed descriptively to achieve the study's objectives. Results: The CoPORA model in pedagogical digital literacy practices enables students to master English vocabulary, be motivated to communicate, develop social identity, and manage and evaluate information effectively. Key performances included creating and communicating argumentative texts with readers on social media platforms. Social media usage facilitated checking trusted sources and contents, communicating information with friends, lecturers, and followers, making cross-references among digital content and facts, proving the truth of contents, and writing and communicating argumentative texts. Novelty: The study found that pedagogical digital literacy practices using the CoPORA model positively contribute to students' mutual contributions to language learning, cognition, and social interaction in English essay-writing classrooms.

Age differences in cannabis-related perceptions, knowledge, and sources of information among adults in the post-legalization era in Quebec, Canada.

Individuals access and perceive information about cannabis differently according to age groups. This study compared differences in beliefs and knowledge regarding cannabis, and exposure to information, advertisement, and prevention messages among emerging (18-24 years old), prime-age (25-44), middle-age (45-64), and old-age adults (65 and over). Participants (n=2,001) completed online questionnaires regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, mental health perception, cannabis use, sources of cannabis information, and exposure to advertisement and prevention messages. Bivariate analyses allowed the detection of differences among the age groups. Emerging adults exhibited more positive attitudes regarding cannabis and were more knowledgeable regarding cannabis facts than their older counterparts. Online media constituted the principal source of information for the overall sample. Health resources were the most trusted information source for all age groups, but only one-fifth of the sample consulted them. A higher proportion of emerging adults were exposed to cannabis advertisements and prevention messages. Old-age adults were more likely to be reached through traditional media. As perceptions and beliefs about cannabis, information access, and exposure to advertisement or prevention messages vary across age groups, effective prevention and education should be tailored accordingly. Health resources and scientific literature about cannabis should become more accessible and understandable to the general population.

Sources of trust in the healthcare context. A multilevel relationship with work engagement and organisational outcomes.

The present study analysed the mediating role of interactional justice and horizontal trust between transformational leadership and organisational outcomes (i.e., job performance and service quality) at the work team level and the cross-level relationship of team horizontal trust with job performance at the individual level, controlling for work engagement based on the HERO Model. Through structural equations and hierarchical linear models, the proposed hypotheses were addressed. The sample corresponds to 1,638 workers grouped into 109 work teams belonging to 28 hospitals in Spain. First, Structural Equation Modelling analysis revealed that, as expected, at the team level, interactional justice and horizontal trust mediate positive and significantly the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational outcomes (i.e., job performance and service quality). Secondly, the results of the Linear Hierarchical Models showed a positive relationship between work engagement and individual level performance. Finally, the multilevel analysis revealed that horizontal trust at the team level is positively related to work engagement at individual level; however, there is no cross-level relationship between horizontal trust at the team level and individual performance controlled by work engagement. Horizontal trust, at the team level, is positioned as a mediating variable between resources and organisational outcomes. Furthermore, it proves to be a key cross-level element for generating work engagement and job performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the study based on the HERO Model are discussed.

Abstract B086: Increasing clinical research participation and input from underserved communities: Results from community engagement studios inform clinical study design

Abstract Underrepresentation of marginalized racial and ethnic groups has been a consistent challenge in clinical trials. With an intent to increase trial accessibility for underserved communities, we conducted community engagement studios (CES) to understand the various cultures, values, worldviews, and lived experiences from different communities that might affect clinical trial participation. We report on the CES discussions and how they modified the design of an early cancer detection clinical study. CES were developed in partnership with an academic community engagement expert, OHSU and via the patient advocacy group, Touch4Life, which focuses on decreasing cancer disparities in the BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color) population. Four CES were conducted: 1 with members of Asian (n=11), 2 with members of African American (AA) (n=16), and 1 with members of rural (n=7) communities. One AA CES was conducted with members of the Touch4Life network, with whom we piloted a subsequent oral debrief session to review CES thematic results and relay the impact it had on clinical study implementation, the results of which led to a corollary CES to be initiated in this network (n=7) to evaluate recruitment messages in the BIPOC population. Common themes for clinical trial recruitment strategies included the importance of messaging from trusted sources. While clinicians were a shared trusted source, Asian CES members preferred a personal connection, rural CES members preferred non-profit foundations, and AA CES members highlighted community networks (church and patient advocacy groups with shared experiences). Asian CES participants were hesitant to engage with pharmacists for clinical study recruitment due to a lack of personal relationships, but rural and AA communities would be open to hearing about clinical studies at their pharmacy, combined with consultation with their doctor. All communities expressed shared barriers for trial participation (time commitment, transportation, cost) and unique barriers were also expressed: childcare and distrust in biopharma in the AA CES; language in the Asian CES. All CES expressed interest in receiving updates on clinical trial progress and outcomes. Themes from the CES have been used to inform changes to both our recruitment and education strategies and outreach efforts for this clinical study for the early detection of cancer. One such modification included adding recruitment channels focused on engaging participants through patient advocacy groups and specific clinical study sites. Following guidance from both CES participants and our CES partners, and by sharing the CES results with the Touch4Life community, we developed a bidirectional flow of information and fostered a joint mission to deepen our working relationship with the community. Our research demonstrated that early collaboration between industry-sponsored researchers, community experts, and patient advocacy groups is an ideal model for gaining insights into specific communities and fostering relationships that can improve access to clinical studies. Citation Format: Monique Gary, Laura Crandon, Tiffani L. Howard, Paul Bollinger, Natalie Bonilla, Jackilen Shannon, Shifra Krinshpun, Sarah Sawyer, Sara L. Bristow, Meenakshi Malhotra, Adham Jurdi, Alexey Aleshin, Breeana L. Mitchell. Increasing clinical research participation and input from underserved communities: Results from community engagement studios inform clinical study design [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B086.

Towards Health 4.0: Blockchain-Based Electronic Health Record for Care Coordination

Inter-organizational data sharing in healthcare is fraught with challenges, including diverse healthcare terminologies, incompatible data structures, and issues with data consistency and security. Establishing a unified patient record across a data-sharing network is problematic, and centralized data stores and authority providers are prime targets for cyberattacks. This study proposes a blockchain-based patient data-sharing strategy that relies on network consensus rather than a single, centralized source of trust. The consensus is based on evidence of both structural and semantic interoperability. The primary objective is to develop secure and controlled data-sharing mechanisms that enhance care coordination. The research utilized Kanban as the software development methodology to manage the project effectively. The study found that blockchain-based electronic health record (EHR) systems significantly enhance care coordination by enabling seamless data transfer and fostering trust and collaboration among healthcare providers. Key findings include improved data consistency, enhanced security, and increased interoperability across diverse healthcare systems. These results suggest that blockchain technology can play a crucial role in transforming healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes in the context of Health 4.0. This work contributes to the ongoing discussion on leveraging blockchain technology to revolutionize healthcare systems, offering a robust framework for secure and efficient data sharing that can lead to better healthcare delivery and patient care outcomes.

Inclusive Crisis Communication in a Pandemic Context: A Rapid Review.

Background: Crisis communication might not reach non-native speakers or persons with low literacy levels, a low socio-economic status, and/or an auditory or visual impairments as easily as it would reach other citizens. The aim of this rapid review was to synthesize the evidence on strategies used to improve inclusive pandemic-related crisis communication in terms of form, channel, and outreach. Methods: After a comprehensive search and a rigorous screening and quality assessment exercise, twelve comparative studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Data were analyzed and represented by means of a structured reporting of available effects using narrative tables. Results: The findings indicate that a higher message frequency (on any channel) may lead to a lower recall rate, audio-visual productions and tailored messages prove to be valuable under certain conditions, and primary healthcare practitioners appear to be the most trusted source of information for most groups of citizens. Trust levels were higher for citizens who were notified in advance of potential exceptions to the rule in the effect of preventive and curative measures promoted. Conclusions: This review contributes to combatting information inequality by providing evidence on how to remove the sensorial, linguistic, cultural, and textual barriers experienced by minorities and other underserved target audiences in COVID-19-related governmental crisis communication in response to the societal, health-related costs of ineffective communication outreach.

Public perceptions of dietetics services in Australia and New Zealand.

The aim of this study was to examine expectations, perceptions and attitudes about dietetics services among the Australian and New Zealand public, to provide insights for building a future dietetics workforce that will meet consumer needs. A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey was employed to gain perspectives of a representative sample of Australian and New Zealand adults. Questions were purposely designed to collect views regarding sources of dietary information, expectations of dietetics service providers and factors influencing choice of dietetics service provider. Data were analysed descriptively and using Pearson's chi-square test to assess relationships between categorical variables. Free-text responses were analysed using content analysis. Of 2601 respondents, approximately one third (32%) had seen a dietitian. Doctors were the most trusted sources of dietary information (87%), particularly with participants over 60 years (χ(1) = 44.168, V = 0.130, p < 0.001). Cost was the most frequently reported factor influencing choice of dietetics services (56%), with 88% of respondents interested in accessing a dietitian, preferably in-person (64%), if they could do so for no cost. Participants anticipated that dietitians would offer services like meal plans (59%) and nutritional analysis (48%) as well as weight and other body measurements (56%). Some expectations such as blood tests (54%) were outside the usual scope of dietetic practice. The results of this study have implications for practising dietitians, dietetics educators, and funders of dietetics services. Cost as a barrier suggests that advocacy to government for funding type, duration and number of visits to dietitians is still required.

Hesitancy to COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review

Vaccine hesitancy is a global concern and a significant barrier to vaccine uptake. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are more likely to contract COVID-19 and are the most trusted source of patient vaccine-related information. This scoping review summarized the rates of hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccine and booster dose among HCWs. We also explored the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. The review method was described according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Literature search from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EBSCOhost was conducted for studies published from January 2020 to August 2022. Themes were generated using inductive and deductive methods to identify the determinants for hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, a total of 157 articles were included in this review. The hesitancy rate varied before the COVID-19 vaccination rollout ranging from 3.8% to 79.0%, while the hesitancy rate was 1.1%-73.3% in studies conducted after the vaccination rollout. Six themes were generated for hesitancy and seven themes for acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. The themes identified for vaccine hesitancy and acceptance were trust issues in vaccines or authority; vulnerability to COVID-19 infection and its complications; information and misinformation; personal and past vaccine experience; religious and ethical; and socio-demographic and work factors. Professional integrity was the additional theme for vaccine acceptance. Safety and effectiveness issues, trust, perceived risk of infection, and misinformation were among the common factors. It is recommended that the government develops strategies, guidelines, or more transparent information about the vaccines to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations.

Adoption of new banking models from a consumer perspective: the case of Iran

PurposeTraditionally, the banking and financial sectors have pioneered adoption of new technologies and business models. One important digital banking model that has proven its efficacy in recent times, is Digital-Only Banking (DOB) where consumers interact with their banks through digital channels only. Having detailed knowledge of what actually happens at the consumer level during the adoption of new digital models and technologies is paramount to the success of these technological initiatives. The present study aims to investigate DOB adoption behavior and possible barriers using a quantitative approach at the consumer level. A conceptual model is developed by extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, incorporating Trust (TR), Perceived Risk (PR) constructs and cultural moderators of Individualism (IDV) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UA).Design/methodology/approachFor this study, an online survey instrument was created and administered in Iran. The research sample was selected through the application of purposive sampling. Data from 788 respondents were analyzed. The proposed model was tested using Partial Least Square.?.s Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results show that DOB adoption is positively influenced by Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC), while PR negatively influences DOB adoption intention. Unexpectedly, the results indicate that TR has no significant impact on DOB usage intention. Additionally, this study demonstrates that with individuals having a low level of IDV, the relationship between PE and BI is stronger, and with individuals having a low level of UA, the impact of SI on BI is stronger. It also reveals that the impact of TR on BI is stronger in low individualistic cultures.Practical implicationsDOB providers should enhance support features of their services or provide facilities that make it simpler for users to accomplish online transactions. Here, in order to improve the UI/UX design of their apps, DOB product managers should carefully observe the technical guidelines of the operating systems of digital devices, such as the Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) for iOS and Material You for Android. Additionally, DOB providers should build partnerships with mega online retailers to provide hassle-free and easy to use payment solutions for consumers.Originality/valueDOB, as a novel and business model, has been investigated in very few studies, especially regarding any which focus on its adoption. To fill this gap, this research investigates DOB adoption through a modified version of the UTAUT model. The findings of this study suggest that future research regarding DOB should consider sources of TR, types of non-adopters, and context. This study, as the first of its kind in DOB literature, also highlights the significant role played by cultural values in customer behavior regarding DOB adoption.

Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Capture Molecularly-Driven Treatment Relationships for Precision Oncology.

Modern generative artificial intelligence techniques like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) may be applied in support of precision oncology treatment discussions. Experts routinely review published literature for evidence and recommendations of treatments in a labor-intensive process. A RAG pipeline may help reduce this effort by providing chunks of text from these publications to an off-the-shelf large language model (LLM), allowing it to answer related questions without any fine-tuning. This potential application is demonstrated by retrieving treatment relationships from a trusted data source (OncoKB) and reproducing over 80% of them by asking simple questions to an untrained Llama 2 model with access to relevant abstracts.