Different Types Of Trust Research Articles

Exploring Trust Ecology in a Public-Private Partnership for Agricultural Innovation in the United States Bioeconomy

United States (US) federal agencies are endorsing public-private partnerships (PPPs) to link public institutions with industry to develop local supplies of biofuel and build a domestic bioeconomy. Although trust is a critical factor within effective PPPs, few studies have addressed the different types of trust needed to cultivate these partnerships. Employing a mixed-method design, we explore a PPP in the Southeast US through the lens of trust ecology. We describe how participants perceive trust types within different project spaces and how trust changed during the partnership. Our findings highlight the role that different interactive spaces can play in cultivating types of trust that accumulate in an additive fashion. We offer insights on process-design mechanisms and project management strategies that can bolster trust in PPPs.

The impact of crisis leadership on the performance in public sector: The mediation role of trust and knowledge sharing

AbstractIn crisis scenarios, trust and knowledge sharing are rare and crucial for moderating the relationship between leadership and performance. This paper examines how leadership influences the performance of civil servants during crises in the public sector, mediated by trust and knowledge sharing. The authors develop a theoretical model and empirically test it with survey data from 346 civil servants in the public sector related to epidemic response in China. A structural equation model is used to examine the paths through which leadership affects performance. This research indicates that crisis leadership can directly enhance contextual performance but does not directly impact task performance. However, both explicit and tacit knowledge‐sharing behaviour can exert significant mediating effects. Furthermore, cognition‐based trust can indirectly influence task performance through a chain mediation effect involving explicit knowledge sharing. This research underscores the multifaceted impact of crisis leadership and elucidates how leaders can effectively navigate crises through different types of trust and knowledge‐sharing strategies.

Trust and management control archetypes in public-private partnerships

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the management control systems (MCS) changes in public-private partnerships (PPSs) by developing a conceptual archetype explaining the relationship between trust and MCSs in PPPs, and highlighting how this relationship may evolve over time.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a longitudinal case study methodology focusing on a hospital built and operated under a project finance deal. The methods adopted include semistructured interviews, direct observation and internal documentation analysis. We conducted 15 semistructured interviews from 2019 to 2021. In analyzing different documents and interviews, we triangulated data to ensure solid interpretation.FindingsThe case shows how trust can take different configurations depending on the type of MCS used. The results highlight how different patterns of MCSs, about trust, can be combined to govern PPPs. The case also shows the temporal dynamics of how MCS and trust evolve at different organizational levels and how bureaucratic control matched with contractual trust and trust-based control matched with competence trust can coexist at different times and organizational levels.Practical implicationsManagers involved in PPPs will be aware of the role of different types of trust in shaping and managing the relationship between partners at different organizational levels. Furthermore, the findings could help policymakers to adopt more informed decisions and to promote practice-based trust at various organizational levels of PPPs.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a management control archetype based on bureaucracy- and trust-based patterns concerning the level of programmability of tasks, as well as defined risks.

Community notes increase trust in fact-checking on social media.

Community-based fact-checking is a promising approach to fact-check social media content at scale. However, an understanding of whether users trust community fact-checks is missing. Here, we presented Americans with 36 misleading and nonmisleading social media posts and assessed their trust in different types of fact-checking interventions. Participants were randomly assigned to treatments where misleading content was either accompanied by simple (i.e. context-free) misinformation flags in different formats (expert flags or community flags), or by textual "community notes" explaining why the fact-checked post was misleading. Across both sides of the political spectrum, community notes were perceived as significantly more trustworthy than simple misinformation flags. Our results further suggest that the higher trustworthiness primarily stemmed from the context provided in community notes (i.e. fact-checking explanations) rather than generally higher trust towards community fact-checkers. Community notes also improved the identification of misleading posts. In sum, our work implies that context matters in fact-checking and that community notes might be an effective approach to mitigate trust issues with simple misinformation flags.

How perceived transparency in information system development processes improves project quality in agile IT enterprises

PurposeWith the increasing agility of IT enterprises, it is crucial to identify suitable managerial strategies for controlling information system development (ISD) projects in the new agile working environments. These environments are characterized by the collaborative nature of work and the recurring nature of communication. This study aims to explore how perceived transparency in ISD processes, controlled by transparency strategies, impacts project quality.Design/methodology/approachIn collaboration with a firm that implemented a customized Scaled Agile Framework, questionnaires were distributed to employees involved in ISD projects. The goal was to understand the influence of perceived transparency in ISD processes on project quality.FindingsOur research demonstrates that perceived transparency in ISD processes enhances project quality through knowledge exchange by strengthening goodwill trust among team members. Additionally, transparency improves project quality through client feedback by strengthening competence trust of clients toward the team. Goodwill trust of clients toward the team and competence trust among team members have less impact on project quality enhancement.Originality/valueThis study reveals the nomological network among the perceived transparency, different types of trust among stakeholders, social interactions among stakeholders, and project outcomes in agile ISD environments. This nomological network has been overlooked by previous studies that biased toward top-down, interorganizational communication. It highlights that not all types of trust among stakeholders are involved in the processes through which perceived transparency influences ISD project quality in agile working environments. Additionally, it exposes the limitations of transparency strategies for controlling projects in agile IT enterprises.

290 Are you trust-worthy: Trust-building activities in Translational Sciences

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Many researchers aim to build trust with communities and participants. Trust building is meant to achieve greater representation across aspects of research whether in participation, or more comprehensively as partners from design to dissemination. We provide practical guidance for trust building activities and the ethical issues that can arise. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: While trust itself is inherently seen as an ethical good, often little attention is paid to the ethical aspects of trust building exercises themselves and the fact that trust can vary in type. Using a bioethical analysis of trustworthiness, we discuss how to approach trust in different relationships and settings. Explicit communication about the supports/constraints and potential outcomes of new trusted relationships is required for ethical practice. Where relationships are built without appropriate transparency and follow through, or with misunderstandings about potential shared values, priorities, or desired outcomes, significant harms can occur in the short- and long term. Using a bioethical framework and practical examples we provide guidance on how to engage in ethical trust building activities. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: While many people are good at the trust building work they do, this work is often not shared as best practices and is ascribed to individual skill. This is slowly changing and an evidence-base is being developed that can support those new to these activities. Ethical guidance to support trust building practices, especially for those new to these activities, is currently lacking. By providing both a conceptual and normative bioethical analysis grounded in practice, we provide the foundations for new activities and the necessary support for work that explores and determines best practices. This analysis provides an understanding of trust including a taxonomy and a discussion of how different types of trust can be built and can support research activities, as well as problems that can arise. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Trust building activities with communities and participants are crucial to much of translational science and research, but ethical guidance on how to engage in these activities well is lacking. We provide bioethical guidance and offer practical recommendations.

The roles of trust and privacy calculus in citizen-centric services usage: evidence from the close contact query platform in China

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the ‘privacy calculus’ between privacy risks and benefits has gained attention in e-government service, but there were few empirical studies. Trust reduces perceived risk as well as enhances perceived benefits. However, the effects of different types of trust on privacy calculus are yet undefined. Regarding above issues, we build a research model based on the theoretical framework of ‘Antecedents → Privacy Concerns → Outcomes (APCO)’, theories of privacy calculus and e-government trustworthiness typology. We analyse survey data from the Close Contact Query Platform providing citizen-centric services for COVID-19 in China. Trust in transactions and information is increased by trust in government organisations. Trust in government organisations and transactions decrease perceived privacy risks, while trust in government organisations and information enhances perceived privacy benefits. Privacy risks and benefits significantly affect usage intentions, and the effect of privacy benefits is greater. We also identified mediating effects. Our findings have important implications regarding the unexplored inner mechanism of trust, the roles of privacy calculus in e-government adoption, and the expansion of the APCO framework. We offer recommendations for citizen-centric platform developers, administrators to design citizen-centric services, and offline public servants.

Impacts of trust on the cost of debt financing: The perspectives of in-group trust and out-group trust

This paper explores the impact of different types of trust on the cost of debt financing. Using trust data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and data on the listed companies in China, we find that in-group (out-group) trust has a positive (negative) impact on the cost of debt financing. We also establish that better corporate performance strengthens the impacts of the two types of trust, and higher external supervision weakens the impact of out-group trust. Further investigation finds that in-group (out-group) trust significantly impacts companies with weak (strong) financing constraints.

Build trust, they will come: the case of casino high rollers!

PurposeUsing the analogy of “If you build it, they will come” from the movie Field of Dreams, this study aims to draw on relational signaling and commitment–trust theories to examine the role of different types of trust (cognitive, affective and relational) in the relationship between relational-encounter quality and customer loyalty to service employees and to the organization in the case of an integrated casino resort. The study confirms that building it (trust), they (customers) will come to the casino exhibited in their loyalty to casino hosts and their affiliated casinos.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted with very important person (VIP) customers who have a designated VIP host to provide them with personal services at an integrated casino resort in Macau. The questionnaire was distributed to the respondents by VIP hosts using WeChat and Tencent QQ.FindingsThe study shows that different types of trust (cognitive, affective and relational) play a significant mediation role in the relationship between relational-encounter quality and the customers’ loyalty to the hosts and their affiliated casinos.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the roles of different types of trust (cognitive, affective and relational) in the relational encounter between casino hosts and VIP customers and provides insights into the link between service employees and their firm through the nurturing of the service encounter with the firm’s key accounts.

IT’s a matter of trust: Literature reviews and analyses of human trust in information technology

Trust is one of the most important constructs for understanding the adoption of information technologies (IT). In this paper, we review and analyze two literatures on the construct of human trust in IT artifacts and in the entities that source, operate, and govern IT. The first literature review focuses on defining of the construct of trust across a range of disciplines. Our analysis of this literature identified 13 assumptions about the nature of trust. The assumptions illustrate the complexities of human trust. The second literature review focused on 214 empirical studies of the construct of trust published in the AIS Senior Scholars’ Basket of Eight journals. We analyze this literature to identify IS scholar’s most common assessments of trust from qualitative studies and most common measures of trust from quantitative studies. As a cumulative body of knowledge, IS scholars have deeply examined the multidimensional aspect of trust by examining different types of trust, including affective trust, cognitive trust, institutional trust, instrumental trust, intrinsic trust, knowledge-based trust, relational trust, swift trust, disposition to trust, trusting beliefs, and more. IS scholars have also extensively examined the assumption that trust is dynamic, as evidenced by the many qualitative papers that examined trust as a process. Our review also finds that IS scholars have conducted extensive research examining trust in Web2 technologies, which are characterized by centralized applications and centralized governance. While the IS scholarly community has established a substantial tradition around the construct of trust, there is still interesting work to be done. With recent releases of open generative AI and with the rise of Web3 technologies like blockchains that purport to be “trustless,” the construct of trust in IT needs to be re-examined in these emerging contexts. We also encourage more research on trust in bi-directional relationships, on the limits of transitive trust, and on the construct of distrust.

Revisiting the interplay of trust and contracts: The roles of technological turbulence and dependence disadvantage

Drawing on information processing theory, this study revisits the interplay between trust and contracts by comprehensively examining the impact of the interaction of different types of trust (i.e., ability trust and goodwill trust) and contracts (i.e., control contract and coordination contract) under different uncertainties (i.e., technology turbulence and dependence disadvantage) on supplier opportunism. We build a moderated moderation model to test the proposed hypotheses using a combined dataset of a survey of 200 Chinese manufacturers and secondary data. The results show that coordination contract weakens the effectiveness of ability trust but strengthens the effectiveness of goodwill trust. When firms face a high level of technological turbulence, both types of contracts weaken the effectiveness of ability trust in curbing opportunism, while under a high level of dependence disadvantage, contracts weaken ability trust but reinforce goodwill trust in curbing opportunism. Our results are found to be robust after being verified by a variety of statistical specifications and estimations. The results provide nuanced insights for both the literature and practice.

Features of the relationship of self-actualization and trust in young people

The article analyses the results of the study of the peculiarities of self-actualization and trust in youth, in particular, the identification of the peculiarities of their relationship. It was determined that self-actualization is the realization of opportunities for the development of one’s own self through efforts, joint activity and joint creative work with other people, society and the world as a whole. Trust as a psychological phenomenon and personality trait occupies an important place in a number of personal factors related to the features of self-actualization. Confidence is a belief in one’s own strength, one’s own significance, value, self-respect, the desire to find support and support in oneself. Trust is important for the establishment and development of interpersonal relations, as it is a mechanism that facilitates entry into a new environment, the formation of positive relationships, which is especially important for persons of early youth. The structure and factors determining trust have been clarified. The structure includes cognitive, affective, connotative components. Types of trust are highlighted: trust in the world, trust in oneself, trust in others, social trust. It was established that the formation of constructive relations with others is possible only when the subject has trust in himself, the world, since trust is a fundamental condition for the interaction of an individual with the world. The importance of the formation and development of trust in youth is substantiated. The research was conducted on the basis of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University and the Communal Higher Education Institution «Vinnytsia Humanities Pedagogical College». 72 people took part in it. According to the results of the empirical research, it was determined that among the indicators of self-actualization, the scales «support», «sensitivity», «self-perception», «idea about human nature» are significantly expressed in the respondents. The study of different types of trust allows us to conclude that the level of trust development is in the range from below average to average level. The level of trust in oneself prevails over the level of trust in others. Correlation analysis showed that trust in youth is positively related to such parameters of self-actualization as support, value orientations, self-respect, ideas about human nature, synergy.

Trust in COVID-19 Information from Different Media Types and Its Association with Preventive Measures Adoption in the U.S.

This study compares and contrasts how key factors influence Americans’ trust in different types of media (broadcast, print, and social) as COVID-19 information sources and how people’s media trust is associated with their adoption of preventive measures. Our results from a national survey (sample = 2571) showed that age, political party affiliation, and race and ethnicity and income level were significantly associated with people’s trust in different media types as COVID information sources. Elder adults trusted print and broadcast media more, while younger adults trusted social media more. Democrats and Lean Democrats had more trust in all three forms of media than Republicans and Lean Republicans. Asians had the highest levels of trust in all three media types, while Whites had the lowest level of trust in broadcast and social media. Trust in broadcast media was found to be associated with facial mask wearing, but trust in social media, however, did not contribute to the adoption of any COVID-19 preventive measures. This study contributes to a general understanding of media trust and mediated health communication and provides nuanced understanding of how demographic factors shape media trust and the consequence of media trust during a historical pandemic.

Informados y confiados: el efecto del consumo de medios de comunicación tradicional y digital sobre la confianza de los chilenos en 2015

La confianza de las personas, interpersonal o institucional, ayuda a explicar interacciones entre individuos y otros fenómenos sociales, resulta clave tratar de entender por qué la gente confía. El consumo de medios de comunicación ha sido considerado como un factor importante para entender en el comportamiento de los individuos. Pero el efecto entre el consumo de medios tradicionales sobre la confianza de las personas es considerada positiva por algunos y negativa por otros. Además, existe menos evidencia sobre el efecto del consumo de medios de comunicación digitales sobre la confianza de las personas. Utilizando la encuesta del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo – Índice de Desarrollo Humano 2015 (PNUD-IDH 2015), evalúo el efecto del consumo de medios tradicionales y digitales sobre la confianza interpersonal e institucional de los chilenos en 2015. Reporto que consumir distintos tipos de medios de comunicación motiva diferentes tipos de confianza. Así, mientras el consumo de medios tradicionales aumenta la confianza en las instituciones, el consumo de medios digitales fomenta la confianza interpersonal de los chilenos en 2015

Who can you blame? Trust in institutions and mobilization across regimes in Asia

In this article, we consider the attitudinal motivations for political participation in countries across Asia. Specifically, we assess how trust in different types of institutional actors provides incentives for extra-legal actions, such as protest and the use of force, by analyzing the behaviors of individuals based upon their evaluations of representational and implementing institutions. As part of this analysis, we consider attitudes and action in both democracies and non-democracies, arguing for separate mechanisms to motivate unconventional political participation. Using Asian Barometer Survey data, we find that individuals living under democratic regimes are motivated to engage in more costly forms of participation in response to their assessments of trust in elected officials, while those individuals residing in non-democracies engage in these high-risk activities when they are dissatisfied with the performance of the police, civil service, and courts.

The future of mobility-as-a-service: trust transfer across automated mobilities, from road to sidewalk.

While trust in different types of automated vehicles has been a major focus for researchers and vehicle manufacturers, few studies have explored how people trust automated vehicles that are not cars, nor how their trust may transfer across different mobilities enabled with automation. To address this objective, a dual mobility study was designed to measure how trust in an automated vehicle with a familiar form factor-a car-compares to, and influences, trust in a novel automated vehicle-termed sidewalk mobility. A mixed-method approach involving both surveys and a semi-structured interview was used to characterize trust in these automated mobilities. Results found that the type of mobility had little to no effect on the different dimensions of trust that were studied, suggesting that trust can grow and evolve across different mobilities when the user is unfamiliar with a novel automated driving-enabled (AD-enabled) mobility. These results have important implications for the design of novel mobilities.

Partisan Bias in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories: News Reliance and the Moderating Role of Trust in Health Authorities

ABSTRACT Neglecting the role of political bias in the public’s perceptions of health authorities could be deceptive when studying potentially politicized COVID-19 conspiracy theories (CCTs); however, previous studies often treated health authorities as a single entity and did not distinguish between different types of CCTs. Drawing from motivated reasoning theory, we investigate the politically motivated nature of CCTs by examining their associations with individuals’ media reliance, party identification, conspiratorial mentality, and importantly, trust in (politicized or independent) health authorities. In a national survey conducted in late 2020 (N = 2,239) in Turkey, a heavily polarized context, we found that not accounting for political identities shown in CCTs and health authorities could be misleading. While those with a strong conspiracy mentality were more likely to endorse all types of CCTs, party identification and trust in different types of health authorities led people to believe in certain CCTs aligning with their political attitudes. The influence of media reliance on CCTs depended on the level of trust in health authorities, again suggestive of the influence of political partialities.

COVID-19 vaccination status in Germany: Factors and reasons for not being vaccinated (yet).

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effective vaccines constitute a central element of successful pandemic control. Although everyone in Germany has had the opportunity to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, some people remain hesitant or refuse to get vaccinated. To address this phenomenon as well as to examine the unvaccinated population more closely, the present study investigates (RQ1) factors explaining the COVID-19 vaccination status (RQ2) trust in different types of COVID-19 vaccines, and (RQ3) people's specific reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19. We base our findings on a representative survey that we conducted in Germany in December 2021 with 1,310 respondents. In response to the first research question, a logistic regression shows that trust in specific institutions (e.g., medical experts and authorities) is positively related to vaccination status, whereas trust in companies and COVID-19-related social and alternative media consumption decreases the likelihood of being vaccinated. Furthermore (RQ2), while vaccinated people trust mRNA-based vaccines (e.g., BioNTech), most unvaccinated people put greater trust in recently developed protein-based vaccines (e.g., Novavax), albeit on a low level. Finally, our study reveals (RQ3) that the most important reason why people choose not to get vaccinated is that they wish to make their own decisions about their bodies. Based on our results, we suggest that a successful vaccination campaign should address COVID-19 risk groups and lower income populations, increase trust in different public institutions and newly developed vaccines in advance, establish a multisectoral approach, and debunk fake news and misinformation. Furthermore, since unvaccinated respondents state that the desire to make their own choices about their body is the main reason why they have not gotten vaccinated against COVID-19, an effective vaccination campaign should emphasize the need for general practitioners who have a closer relationship with their patients who, in turn, trust their doctors.

The influence of trust on the public’s environmental risk perception: evidence from China

ABSTRACT As the leading country in terms of environmental pollution production, China is experiencing increasing environmental risks. This study explored the types and severity perception of the public’s environmental risk perception in China and examined the influence of different types of trust on environmental risk perception. The data used in the study were obtained from the Chinese General Social Survey 2013, which provides the best representative nationwide data in China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to distinguish the types of environmental risk perception. Then, the influence of different trust on two types of environmental risk perception was examined by regression analysis respectively. The current study determined that living and natural environmental risk perceptions are two major types of environmental risk perceptions. Regression results revealed that trust in all the central and local government, in most people in society and in the media help to attenuate living environmental risk perceptions. For natural environmental risk perception, trust in the local government and in the media help reduce the public’s risk perception. Compared with living environmental risk perception, the public held a relatively low perception of natural environmental risk. Promoting government trust (especially local government trust) and media trust could be a vital risk communication tool for effective environmental risk management.

Credit, debt and money as social institutions of trust

While the notions of credit, debt and money are today almost exclusively associated with economic discourse, their semantic fields prove to be significantly wider and more complex. This article seeks to restore the repressed meanings of these three notions. Its aim consists of a deconstruction of the dominant economic narratives on credit, debt, money and trust, that would show that these concepts should be primarily considered as social, rather than solely economic institutions. Therefore, in the introduction we will look at the etymology of the word credit and disclose its semantic proximity with magic as a social practice. Furthermore, the first section will examine the intrinsic relation between debt and credit, departing from Marcel H?naff?s three types of symbolic debt and exposing how these shape the financial credit in neoliberal capitalism and install the creditor-debtor relation (such as Maurizio Lazzarato describes it) as predominant at all levels of society. The second section shows how relations of credit and debt crystallize in the notion of money: firstly by exposing some major historical and anthropological insights about money; moreover, by considering money from an onto-axiological point of view as the knot in which all social relations of trust culminate; and finally, by relating the three different types of trust in money, proposed by French heterodox economists Michel Aglietta and Andr? Orl?an, to the three forms of symbolic debt, thus showing how credit, debt and money are fundamentally anchored in social relations.