Trunk Muscles Research Articles

Testing selected movement patterns using the ohmbelt

Over the last two decades, interest and the resulting need for objectification has grown steadily in the regulation of intra-abdominal pressure, coactivation of trunk muscles and biomechanics of stabilization of the lumbar region. Raising awareness of the research issue contributes to improving the prevention and therapy of various pathologies related to core stabilization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of Ohmbelt in practice with complex movement patterns to accelerate the diagnosis of stabilization strategy of the lumbar region. The Ohmbelt system is a relatively new, non-invasive method for examination intra-abdominal pressure. In our study, we found that the use of the Ohmbelt system is possible in the examination of the stabilization strategy of the lumbar region in both static and dynamic positions. Based on our results, it is possible to use Ohmbelt for other complex movement patterns.

Aging-associated differences between perioral and trunk muscle characteristics

Aging-associated differences between perioral and trunk muscle characteristics

The impact of appendicular skeletal muscle index and trunk muscle index on stress urinary incontinence risk in female adults: a retrospective study

ObjectiveThis study sought to examine the effect of the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and trunk muscle index (TMI) on the likelihood of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among female adults.MethodsThis investigation utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2006 and 2011–2018. To evaluate the impact of ASMI and TMI on the likelihood of SUI, the study utilized restricted cubic splines (RCS) and weighted multivariable logistic regression models. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to investigate how other covariates influenced their relationship.ResultsIn total, 11,168 female adults participated in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that high TMI was associated with a decreased likelihood of SUI (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16–0.75; p = 0.013). ASMI was not correlated with the likelihood of SUI. RCS analysis demonstrated a linear correlation between TMI and SUI risk, showing a decreasing trend in SUI risk as TMI increases (p for overall <0.001, p for nonlinearity = 0.73).ConclusionOur study results showed that there was no association between ASMI and the risk of SUI, while a high TMI reduced the risk of SUI. This suggested that the ratio of muscle mass and BMI in different body regions has varying effects on SUI.

Assessment of trunk and shoulder muscle asymmetries during two-armed kettlebell swings: implications for training optimization and injury prevention

IntroductionGreater side-to-side asymmetry can indicate impaired skill, reduced power production, and an increased risk of injury. Bilateral differences highlight the presence of asymmetries that should be assessed to understand their impact on both injury risk and performance enhancement.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assessment muscle activation and bilateral asymmetry in major trunk and shoulder muscles during a two-armed kettlebell swing exercise.MethodsTwenty-seven participants (age: 24.2 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 82.9 ± 7.7 kg; height: 176.9 ± 7.0 cm) were included in the study. Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected bilaterally from twelve muscles (six muscles per side: anterior deltoid [AD], posterior deltoid [PD], erector spinae longissimus [ESL], erector spinae iliocostalis [ESI], external oblique [EO], and rectus abdominis [RA]).ResultsResults indicated that asymmetry indices for the AD, ESL, ESI, and RA muscles during the upward propulsion phase fell within the determined threshold of 15%. However, the asymmetry indices for the PD and EO muscles exceeded this threshold by 3.36% and 2.62%, respectively. The findings suggest that trunk muscle asymmetries during the kettlebell swing are generally less pronounced than those of the shoulder muscles, particularly during the float phase.ConclusionThese results provide valuable insights into bilateral muscle asymmetry during a two-armed kettlebell swing, which can inform the development of targeted training programs. The methods and findings of this study may further contribute to understanding the effects of muscle balance, symmetry, and injury mechanisms in dynamic movements.

Effect of Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion and Trunk Muscle Activity on Lumbar Lordosis in the Streamlined Posture in Healthy Young Men

Effect of Shoulder Flexion Range of Motion and Trunk Muscle Activity on Lumbar Lordosis in the Streamlined Posture in Healthy Young Men

Effect of Body Mass Index on Balance, Trunk Muscle Endurance, Functional Mobility and, Physical Activity in College Students

Effect of Body Mass Index on Balance, Trunk Muscle Endurance, Functional Mobility and, Physical Activity in College Students

Assessment of isokinetic trunk muscle parameters, postural control and quality of life in sedentary and active older adults

ObjectiveThe study intended to evaluate the differences between active and sedentary postural control and isokinetic trunk strength. The secondary aim was to evaluate the participants' total physical activity (PA) score regarding the specific quality of life domains assessed. MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study involving 64 participants of both sexes aged ≥ 60 years (60 to 86 years) was conducted. Habitual PA was assessed using the Baecke Modified Questionnaire for older adults, and participants were classified as active or sedentary. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, postural control was evaluated using a bipedal force plate, and trunk muscle strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The independent t-test, Spearman correlation, and Generalized Linear Model were employed, with a significance level of 5%. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in postural control between active and sedentary participants. However, significant differences were observed in the peak touch and mean power of trunk extensors and flexors at speeds of 60 and 180◦/s (p<0.005), except for the ratio between flexor and extensor muscle peak torque assessed at both speeds. Quality of life showed significant correlations with PA level regarding the domains of functional capacity, vitality, and health conditions. The logistic model revealed an association with the domains of functional capacity and pain in relation to PA. ConclusionOur results underscore the importance of regular PA practice for the older adult population, indicating the enhancement of health-related quality of life and the strength of trunk extensors and flexors.

Dynamometry for the Assessment of Trunk Muscle Strength in Postpartum Women with Pregnancy-Related Posterior Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Reliability Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the inter and intra-rater reliability of maximum isometric trunk muscular strength in postpartum women with pregnancy-related posterior pelvic girdle pain using a handheld dynamometer. MethodsThirty women (30.13 ± 3.67 years) with pregnancy-related posterior pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) had their trunk muscular strength assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Inter-rater reliability was estimated for measurements of two separate raters on the first day of the investigation. The tests were repeated with the first rater seven days later to determine the intra-rater reliability. A digital handheld dynamometer was used for testing, and a metal bar was used to secure it to a table. Participants were instructed to use maximal force to push the dynamometer in various trunk flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotational orientations. Each trial was repeated three times and averaged to obtain the representative assessment data. Analysis of variance, interclass correlation, absolute agreement, and standard error of measurements were used to evaluate the repeatability of measurements. ResultsExcellent inter and intra-rater reliability were demonstrated. The inter-rater reliability, computed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ranged from 0.979 to 0.992, and intra-rater reliability (ICC) ranged from 0.966 to 0.987. The standard error of measurement ranged from 0.35% to 1.26% for the different tests. Additionally, the dynamometer values in women with PPGP might be reported using just one trial after an instruction. ConclusionThe maximum isometric trunk muscular strength is reliable, and a quantitative assessment of the trunk strength in women with postpartum pregnancy-related posterior pelvic girdle pain and could be used to monitor the changes in postural stability between sessions.

Effectiveness of Propioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Improving Walking Quality in Post-Stroke Patients at Haji General Hospital Medan

Nationally, the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia in 2018 was 10.9 per mile, an increase compared to 2013 which was 7 per mile. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world. Two-thirds of stroke events occur in developing countries. Weakness and decreased muscle strength in stroke sufferers occur on one side of the limb, however, in the trunk muscles, weakness occurs on both sides, resulting in limited trunk rotation and difficulty in maintaining balance and gait). Propioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a physiotherapy intervention method that can be used to improve the quality of walking in stroke patients. This method can improve proprioceptor function by stimulating it in muscles and tendons. PNF also improves muscle strength, flexibility, and balance). Description of respondent data was carried out using univariate analysis to determine the frequency of age, weight, height, gender, paralyzed side and Wisconsin values ??before and after the intervention for both groups. Bivariate test to compare the average WGS value after treatment with before treatment in both the PNF group and the conventional group and compare the average difference between the PNF group and the conventional group. The average value of the difference before and after the intervention in the PNF group was 1.75 with a standard deviation of ± 0.463, while in the conventional group the average value of the difference before and after the intervention was 0.63 with a standard deviation of ± 0.518. Statistical tests using the Wilcoxon rink test between the two groups obtained a p-value of 0.024, which is smaller than 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the PNF intervention group and the Conventional intervention group.

Effects of Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior on the Musculoskeletal System in Young Adults

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults aged 18-35 and to evaluate the effects of this relationship on musculoskeletal pain, posture, muscle shortness, and trunk muscle endurance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between March 2018 and August 2018, 219 students were included. Data were obtained by using the case report form which determines the demographic characteristics and sedentary behavior of the students, The International Physical Activity Index - short form, posture analysis form, muscle shortness evaluation form, and trunk muscle endurance evaluation form. Results: In the study, 66.2% of patients were female and 33.8% were male. In the evaluation of physical activity level, the ratio of highly active individuals in males, and inactive and insufficiently active individuals in females was significantly higher (p &amp;lt;0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in inactive and insufficiently active individuals (p&amp;lt;0.001). A negative correlation existed between physical activity level and pain frequency, duration, and scores (p&amp;lt;0.001). There was a positive correlation between trunk endurance tests and physical activity and exercise participation. Non-exercisers showed shortening of lumbar extensor muscles and gastrosoleus, with increased thoracic kyphosis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Daily sitting time correlated positively with elbow, wrist, and knee pain, and lumbar lordosis (p&amp;lt;0.05). Those spending more time at the computer experienced higher levels of head-neck and elbow pain, pain duration, muscle shortness, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and anterior head tilt (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: In young adults, increasing physical activity and reducing daily sitting time are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal pain and reduce postural deformities. Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult.

Research hotspots and frontiers in non-specific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis

BackgroundExtensive research has been conducted worldwide on non-specific low back pain (NSLBP), some researchers published a bibliometric analysis of NSLBP in 2020, but there have been no supplements or updates since then. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the research hotspots and frontiers in NSLBP over the last decade.MethodsPrimary sources on NSLBP were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2014 to 2023. CiteSpace V6.2. R7 (64-bit) and VOSviewer 1.6.19 software were used to analyze the number and centrality of journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords, and the functions of co-occurrence and clustering were applied to draw a visual knowledge map.ResultsIn the past decade, the annual publication volume of studies on NSLBP has shown an overall upward trend year by year, with obvious temporal stages and great development potential. In total, 2,103 articles contained six types of literature, with the highest proportion being original research articles (1,633 articles, 77.65%), published in 200 journals. BMC Musculoskeletal Discourses (90 articles, 4.28%) had the highest number of publications, and the British Medical Journal had the highest impact factor (105.7). Furthermore, the United States of America (329 articles, 15.64%) had the highest publication volume, the University of Sydney (139 articles, 6.61%) was the research institution with the highest production, Maher, Chris G (36 articles, 1.71%) was the author with the most published articles, and Hoy, D (571 articles, 27.15%) was the most frequently cited author. The most cited of articles is “Non-specific low back pain” published in the LANCET, with 1,256 citations.ConclusionThis article summarizes the current research status of NSLBP and predicts future research hotspots and frontiers. In recent years, adolescents have become a high-risk group for NSLBP. Pain neuroscience education, motor control, spinal manipulative therapy, and acupuncture are effective means to treat NSLBP. Biomechanics and trunk muscles as entry points are effective ideas for the treatment of NSLBP pain. Furthermore, anxiety, neck pain, non-specific musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, and musculoskeletal disorders are diseases that are closely related to NSLBP. In the future, attention should be paid to the design of research plans, increasing the research intensity of randomized controlled trials, strengthening follow-up, and the timely updating of guidelines, which will result in higher quality and high-level scientific evidence for research on NSLBP.

Evaluation of the lower limb and trunk muscles’ electromyographic activity during different squat techniques

Squatting is a widely used exercise in rehabilitation programs for strength and stability gain. However, little is known about muscle activation in variations of squat exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), gluteus medius (GM), long fibular (FL), and erector spinae (EE) during traditional squatting compared to variations of unipodal squatting. Twenty physically active men (age= 21± 2 years, height =1.78± 0.05 m, mass = 84.5± 9.9 Kg) participated in this study. Muscle activation were extracted from electromyography of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, fibularis longus, gluteus medius and erector spinae during five exercises: traditional squat, bulgarian squat, single leg leaning forward squat, single leg leaning backward squat and lateral step up. The muscle activations were compared between exercises. Muscle activation in all unipodal squat without foot support exercises was considerably higher than that of traditional squatting (p&lt;0.001). The similar pattern in the EMG activity that was recorded for unilateral squat without foot support (p &gt;0.05). In conclusion, the unilateral squat without foot support exercises are appropriate for facilitating the muscle activity of the muscles of the lower limb and trunk.

Motion Tape Strain During Trunk Muscle Engagement in Young, Healthy Participants

Background: Motion Tape (MT) is a low-profile, disposable, self-adhesive wearable sensor that measures skin strain. Preliminary studies have validated MT for measuring lower back movement. However, further analysis is needed to determine if MT can be used to measure lower back muscle engagement. The purpose of this study was to measure differences in MT strain between conditions in which the lower back muscles were relaxed versus maximally activated. Methods: Ten participants without low back pain were tested. A matrix of six MTs was placed on the lower back, and strain data were captured under a series of conditions. The first condition was a baseline trial, in which participants lay prone and the muscles of the lower back were relaxed. The subsequent trials were maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), in which participants did not move, but resisted the examiner force in extension or rotational directions to maximally engage their lower back muscles. The mean MT strain was calculated for each condition. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effects of conditions (baseline, extension, right rotation, and left rotation) and MT position (1–6) on the MT strain. Post hoc analyses were conducted for significant effects from the overall analysis. Results: The results of the ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of condition (p &lt; 0.001) and a significant interaction effect of sensor and condition (p = 0.01). There were significant differences in MT strain between the baseline condition and the extension and rotation MVIC conditions, respectively, for sensors 4, 5, and 6 (p = 0.01–0.04). The largest differences in MT strain were observed between baseline and rotation conditions for sensors 4, 5, and 6. Conclusions: MT can capture maximal lower back muscle engagement while the trunk remains in a stationary position. Lower sensors are better able to capture muscle engagement than upper sensors. Furthermore, MT captured muscle engagement during rotation conditions better than during extension.

Transforming Stroke Recovery: The Bobath Concept in a Case Study of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies. This case study examines the rehabilitation of a 57-year-old male patient recovering from a middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction, utilising the Model of Bobath Clinical Practice (MBCP). The patient underwent interventions based on the Bobath concept, focusing on selective activation of trunk muscles, core engagement, and pelvic alignment to enhance postural control. Assessments revealed significant improvements in both sitting and standing postures, with reductions in compensatory fixation strategies. The targeted therapeutic exercises facilitated better trunk control and lower limb weight-bearing, resulting in overall enhanced stability. The findings underscore the importance of individualised approaches in stroke rehabilitation aligned with Bobath principles. While the outcomes are promising, further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the MBCP model across varied patient populations. This study highlights the potential of the Bobath Concept in improving functional recovery and quality of life for stroke survivors.

An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Souchard Postural Gymnastics in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Camptocormia: A Quasi-Experimental Approach.

Background/Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, leads to motor and non-motor impairments, affecting quality of life. Camptocormia can be one of the motor signs of PD, characterized by a severe and abnormal forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine that typically occurs when walking or standing. The following study aims to verify whether postural gymnastics can be an effective treatment for trunk control, balance, activities of daily living, and general well-being in patients with early-stage PD and camptocormia. Methods: Nine participants (mean age 67.7 ± 7.8) with early PD (Hoehn and Yahr Scale ≤ 2) received 10 biweekly physiotherapy sessions. Outcomes were measured using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) along with trunk mobility and muscle tests according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Results: Statistically significant results were noted in the PDQ-39 mobility, ADLs and emotional well-being subscales and in the BBS; statistically significant improvements were also seen in trunk mobility and muscle strength. Conclusions: This study shows that the postural gymnastic treatment, according to Souchard, in patients with PD's camptocormia has obtained good results and has the potential timprove mobility and balance, encouraging and motivating patients in their rehabilitation journeys.

Flexibar And Non-Flexibar Exercises And Its Effects On Trunk Activation- A Review Of Literature

Objective: To systematically review the randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effects of flexi-bar and non-flexi-bar exercises, specifically stabilization training, on trunk muscle activity in various postures. Methodology: The study included randomized control trials and clinical trials published between 2007-2018 , focusing on patients with upper trunk muscle weakness aged above 18. Exclusion criteria included a study with overlapping data, a study with associated disorders, or abstract-only papers. The search strategy involved a search of existing literature from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Research Gate, removing duplicates and identifying relevant articles. The full-text screening was performed, and the remaining relevant articles underwent data extraction. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the activity of selected trunk muscles, which was then normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Results: The findings of this study indicate that flexi-bar exercises resulted in higher activation of trunk muscles compared to non-flexi-bar exercises (stabilization training). The unique physical response induced by the vibration created through the swinging motion of the flexi bar triggered reflexive contractions of core muscles, leading to increased muscle activity. This suggests that flexi bar exercises may be beneficial in promoting muscular activation and potentially alleviating low back pain by evening out muscular imbalances.Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of flexi-bar exercises for activating trunk muscles, particularly when compared to non-flexi-bar exercises (stabilization training).

Abdominal Hollowing vs. Abdominal Bracing: A Scoping Review of Clinical Trials on Effectiveness for Trunk Stability and Rehabilitation.

Objectives: This scoping review explores the effectiveness of abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) techniques in enhancing trunk stability and facilitating rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with lower back pain (LBP). Methods: The review synthesizes findings from 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed these techniques' impacts on muscle activation, pain reduction, and functional outcomes. Results: The results demonstrate that both techniques can significantly improve trunk stability, muscle thickness, balance, and gait. However, a notable gap exists in studies directly comparing AH and AB, raising questions about whether they are equally effective. While AH is often associated with selective activation of the transversus abdominis, AB promotes a broader co-contraction of trunk muscles, contributing to robust spinal stability. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for further research to directly compare these techniques and refine their application in clinical practice. The findings suggest that personalized rehabilitation programs incorporating both AH and AB, tailored to individual patient needs and rehabilitation goals, can be effective in managing and preventing LBP.

Gender Differences in the Relationship between Physical Activity, Postural Characteristics and Non-Specific Low Back Pain in Young Adults.

Background/Aim: University students are a particularly vulnerable population, as they spend increasing amounts of time sitting, which poses a major threat to their musculoskeletal health and posture. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate gender differences in the relationships between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, spinal curvatures and mobility, the endurance and balance of the trunk muscles, and the possible presence of non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in young adults aged 18-25 years. Methods: A total of 139 students completed all required tests. Results: Male students engaged in significantly more PA related to recreation, sports and leisure and were significantly more likely to be hyperkyphotic than female students. The more the male students participated in sports, the more pronounced the thoracic kyphosis. Female students had significantly more pronounced lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt that correlated with lumbar lordosis. Female students generally had significantly higher trunk extensor endurance and more balanced trunk musculature than males. NS-LBP correlated with PA in female students who generally had higher levels of NS-LBP than male students, with a statistically significant difference between those who practiced the most PA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that female students practice less PA and have pronounced lordosis and trunk extensor endurance, in contrast to males who practice more PA and have pronounced trunk flexor endurance and hyperkyphosis. Our findings suggest that more PA should be encouraged but implemented with caution and as an individualized gender-specific approach to prevent postural deformities and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including NS-LBP.

Comparison of muscle activity in school students while carrying backpacks and trolley bags.

Trolley bags have gained popularity among students, but there is limited research comparing them to backpack-style school bags. This study aimed to compare how carrying a backpack versus a trolley bag affects the activity of trunk and lower limb muscles in secondary school students. Electromyographic activity was measured in 25 students (13.4±1.1 years) as they walked on level ground and up/down stairs while carrying both types of bags. The activity of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, lumbar erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscles was assessed on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. The study found significantly reduced muscle activation in most of the targeted muscles when walking on level ground with the trolley bag and when going up/down stairs with the backpack. Lifting a trolley bag depends on the slope of the walking surface and is more efficient on level ground, while carrying a backpack is more efficient when going up and down stairs. Since it is not practical to switch bags when encountering stairs in schools, a bag with a mixed model design incorporating features of both trolley and backpack may be more beneficial and practical for students to use. Students, parents, and teachers should be aware of the injury risks associated with carrying different types of bags.

12452 Unraveling An Intriguing Clinical Sequence: Thyrotoxicosis Antecedent To Stiff Person Syndrome

Abstract Disclosure: A. Jain: None. M.N. Rayan: None. Title: Unraveling an Intriguing Clinical Sequence: Thyrotoxicosis Antecedent to Stiff Person Syndrome Background: Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) is an autoimmune phenomenon resulting in the progressive rigidity of limbs and trunk muscles. It is associated with GAD-positive antibodies in the CSF and serum and is linked to Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac disease, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical Case: A 34-year-old female with no past medical history was brought into the ED by family for paranoia, suicidal ideations, and visual and auditory hallucinations. She was found to be tachycardic and altered in the ED. Endocrinology was initially consulted for concerns of hyperthyroid pathology due to lab work showing a TSH of &amp;lt;0.008 uIU/mL and free T4 of 4 pg/mL. Thyroid ultrasound revealed heterogeneous, hypervascular thyroid tissue. Further investigation revealed TRAB 4.05 IU/L (n 0-0.9 IU/L) and TSI 3 IU/L (n &amp;lt; 0.577 IU/L). A diagnosis of Graves’ disease was made, and she was started on methimazole 20mg daily and metoprolol 25mg daily. Due to a lack of response to methimazole, other organic causes were investigated including psychiatric and neurological etiology. The patient's symptoms continued to worsen, with new tremors of the upper and lower extremities. Thyroid labs showed improvement, and hence thyrotoxicosis was not thought to be the underlying etiology of her encephalopathy. Neurology was consulted, and EEG and MRI Brain were performed which were unrevealing. Lumbar puncture revealed elevated oligoclonal bands and GAD-65 antibodies, suggesting autoinflammatory encephalitis. High-dose steroids were started, with no improvement. Due to the failure of steroids to treat her symptoms, she was given 5 days of plasmapheresis and a dose of rituximab. Slowly, the patient began to improve and could follow commands and communicate with staff. A formal diagnosis of SPS was made at this time. Upon seeing her in follow-up 1 month after discharge, her TRAB and TSI antibodies were negative, and she was able to be titrated off of methimazole. Conclusion: SPS is strongly associated with autoimmune diseases, with up to 30-40% having T1DM. The association between hyperthyroidism and SPS, however, is exceedingly rare and the etiology remains unclear. Presentation: 6/1/2024