True Potato Seed Research Articles

Effects of planting date and growth environment on production of seed tubers from true potato seed (TPS)

Effects of planting date and growth environment on production of seed tubers from true potato seed (TPS)

Development of near homozygous lines for diploid hybrid TPS breeding in potatoes

Diploid inbred-based F1 hybrid True Potato Seed (DHTPS) breeding is a novel technique to transform potato breeding and cultivation across the globe. Significant efforts are being made to identify elite diploids, dihaploids and develop diploid inbred lines for heterosis exploitation in potatoes. Self-incompatibility is the first obstacle for developing inbred lines in diploid potatoes, which necessitates the introgression of a dominant S locus inhibitor gene (Sli) for switching self-incompatibility to self-compatibility. We evaluated a set of 357 diploid clones in different selfing generations for self-compatibility and degree of homozygosity using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. A subset of 10 KASP markers of the Sli candidate region on chromosome 12 showed an association with the phenotype for self-compatibility. The results revealed that the selected 10 KASP markers for the Sli gene genotype could be deployed for high throughput rapid screening of self-compatibility in diploid populations and to identify new sources of self-compatibility. The homozygosity assessed through 99 KASP markers distributed across all the chromosomes of the potato genome was 20–78 % in founder diploid clones, while different selfing generations, i.e., S0, S1, S2 and S3 observed 36.1–80.4, 56.9–82.8, 59.5–85.4 and 73.7–87.8 % average homozygosity, respectively. The diploid plants with ∼80 % homozygosity were also observed in the first selfing generation, which inferred that homozygosity assessment in the early generations itself could identify the best plants with high homozygosity to speed up the generation of diploid inbred lines.

Studies on the Field Performance of True Potato Seed of Different Entries under Telangana Conditions

The quality of seedlings obtained from a nursery influence re-establishment in the field and the eventual production of crops. The present investigation was conducted for two consecutive seasons during rabi, 2021-22 and rabi, 2022-23 at Mulugu, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University for evaluation of the field performance of true potato seed. The same seedling raised media showed better performance in the main field of experiment, among the treatments, T1 i.e KP-15C3 X D-150 + Cocopeat : Vermicompost : FYM (2:1:1) was recorded the significantly highest growth parameters like plant height (25.15 cm and 47.61 cm), number of compound leaves per plant (15.05 and 28.13), leaf length (8.85 cm and 20.13 cm), leaf width (6.68 cm and 14.23 cm), leaf area (27.94 cm2 and 51.48 cm2) and stem diameter (0.60 cm and 0.82 cm) at 30 and 60 DAP respectively. Results related to yield attributing characters like number of micro tubers per plant (11.77), fresh weight of micro tubers per plant (16.21 g), number of small tubers per plant (7.46), fresh weight of small tubers per plant (44.03 g), number of medium tubers per plant (5.89), fresh weight of medium tubers per plant (171.40 g), number of large tubers per plant (2.84), fresh weight of large tubers per plant (115.28 g), total number of tubers per plant (27.95), tuber yield per plant (346.92 g), tuber yield per plot (20.82 kg/ 6 m2) and tuber yield (34.69 t/ha) was maximum in T1 treatment. It concluded that successfully tuberlets yield can be produced from seedling raised from TPS method.

Agronomic consequences of growing field‐transplanted hybrid potato seedlings

AbstractThe introduction of hybrid breeding in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) requires novel and efficient cropping systems for potato production based on true potato seed (TPS). Such systems address the limitations of conventional seed tuber–based systems, including low multiplication rates, high degeneration rates, and high costs of transport and storage. Of the possible cultivation pathways of TPS, we introduce and discuss the potential of field transplanting nursery‐raised potato seedlings as an alternative system for seed and ware production. This review discusses the current knowledge available on field transplanting of potato seedlings, the key factors that influence the success or failure of the system, and some of the prospective factors that will influence the wide introduction and utilization of field transplanting of potato seedlings in diverse farming systems. A field transplanting system will require the successful production of seedlings in the nursery, a successful establishment of transplanted seedlings in the field, and successful crop management to attain a productive seed or ware crop. The contribution of various factors in the various phases of the system to the success of the transplanted crop is also discussed. The introduction and utilization of the field transplanting system will be accelerated when hybrid breeding focuses on the introgression of traits of interest into high yielding cultivars and when agronomic studies focus on defining factors influencing productivity in distinct phases of the system.

Response of Growth and Yield of True Potato Seed Plants to Foliar Application with Organic Nutrients

The experiment was carried out in the spring season of 2017 in the open fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya camps in order to improve the growth and yield of potato plants resulting from the cultivation of true potato seeds of the hybrid BSS-295 by spraying with two organic nutrients. The experiment included two factors: First one was spraying with Megafol nutrient at concentrations 0, 1, 2 and 4 ml l-1 and the second was spraying with Algazone nutrient at concentrations 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l-1, the experiment was applied according to the complete randomized block design with three replications and the averages were compared according to the LSD test 5%. The results indicate that spraying Megafol at a concentration of 4 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (64.60 cm), and plant yield (214 g plant-1). Spraying Algazone at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (56.47 cm), number of total stems (7.07 stem plant-1), leaf area (0.822 m2 plant-1), number of tubers (9.56 tuber plant-1), and the yield of the plant (144.90 g of plant-1). The interaction between Megafol 4 ml L-1 with Algazone 3 ml L-1 gave the highest value of plant height, number of total branches, chlorophyll content of leaves, tuber weight and plant yield (67.17 cm, 9.15 stem, 374.90 mg 100 g-1, 18.77 g. tuber-1, 235.00 g.plant-1 Respectively).

Germplasm Release: True Potato Seed (TPS) from a Late Blight Resistant, Long-day Adapted Diploid Potato Population that is Segregating for Early Blight Resistance

Germplasm Release: True Potato Seed (TPS) from a Late Blight Resistant, Long-day Adapted Diploid Potato Population that is Segregating for Early Blight Resistance

Histological and physiological changes of potato starch derived from seed and TPS (true potato seed) grown tubers under different cold storage duration

Starch granules in potato tubers exist with varying sizes and size distribution in nature. In this study both the tubers of seed potato (‘Lady Rosetta’) and true potato seed (TPS) (‘BARI TPS-1’) varieties were stored at 5º C for 0 to 4 months, and the changes in starch break down were analyzed physiologically and histologically to investigate how cold storage affects the starch break down. Although the starch content of both varieties reduced during cold storage, the reduction of starch content in ‘BARI TPS-1’ was higher than that of ‘Lady Rosetta’. However, both volume and ovality (length:width) of starch granule did not change significantly throughout the storage period irrespective of variety, suggesting a non-uniform breakdown of starch granules. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of starch granule showed non-uniformed deformation and enlarged cavity or hole along the storage period, which indicated that starch breakdown occurred at a specific part of starch granule rather than peripherally and penetration would be deeper in ‘BARI TPS-1’ than that of ‘Lady Rosetta’. However, there was no significant change in granule size distribution in spite of rapid degradation of amylopectin percentage in ‘BARI TPS-1’ than that of ‘Lady Rosetta’, suggesting more susceptibility of ‘BARI TPS-1’ to starch degrading enzyme and higher enzymatic action would cause deeper penetration in ‘BARI TPS-1’ than that of ‘Lady Rosetta’.

Transition in quality attributes of true potato seed (TPS) under split application of nitrogen and boron

In Bangladesh, the utilization and expansion of potato production is limited via TPS technology due to the quality of true potato seed (TPS). Keeping it in view, two experiments were conducted during October 2013 to April 2014 and October 2014 to April 2015 to investigate the effect of split application of nitrogen (SN) and boron (B) on quality hybrid TPS. The TPS-67 (♂) and MF-II (♀) were used. The experiment comprised two factors namely factor-A [nitrogen splitting (4 levels): SN0 = 2 splits (conventional), SN1 = 3 splits, SN2 = 4 splits and SN3 = 5 splits (SN)] and factor-B [boron (4 levels): B0 = 0 kg B ha− 1, B1 = 4 kg B ha− 1, B2 = 6 kg B ha− 1 and B3 = 8 kg B ha− 1] whereas SN and B were treated as main plot and sub-plot, respectively under split-plot design with three replications. Most of the quality traits increase significantly up to SN3 which were statistically similar to SN2 and similar trends were found in the case of B application. Although, we found the maximum TPS yield in both years from the combination of SN1B3 (3 split applications of N and 8 kg B ha− 1); but based on quality parameters, the combination of SN3B3 exhibited the maximum results in case of 100-TPS (86.87 mg), protein (11.01%), lipid (21.95%) and germination (98.11%) which was statistically similar to SN2B3 and SN2B2 combinations whereas the SN0B0 exhibited the worst one. Finally, it may be concluded that the combination of SN2B2 (4 split applications of N and 6 kg B ha− 1) is the best for producing quality TPS from the potato mother plant under the prevailing climatic condition of Bangladesh.

Hybrid true seed production from potato mother plant as influenced by nitrogen splitting and boron

Experiments were conducted to show the effect of split application of nitrogen (SN) and boron (B) on hybrid True Potato Seed (TPS) production. The TPS-67 (♂) and MF-II (♀) were used as crossing materials. The experiments comprised two factors i.e., factor-A; nitrogen splitting (4 levels): 2 split (SN0-Conventional), 3 split (SN1), 4 split (SN2) and 5 split (SN3) where 50 kg N ha–1 applied as basal from total 300 kg N ha–1 with each split application and the rest 250 kg N ha–1 was splitted as per treatment at 10 days intervals started from 30 DAP (days after planting); and factor- B; boron (4 levels): 0 (B0), 4 (B1), 6 (B2) and 8 (B3) kg B ha–1 under split-plot design with three replications. We found that SN and/or B influenced the hybrid TPS production. The maximum yield (2160.1 mg) of TPS plant–1 was found from SN1B3 and the minimum (1001.8 mg) was in SN0B0. The maximum yield (172.81 kg) of TPS ha–1 was found from SN1B3 and the minimum (80.14 kg) was in SN0B0. The maximum weight (86.87 mg) of 100-TPS was found from SN3B3; whereas, the minimum (53.36 mg) was in SN0B0.

Hybrid true seed production from potato mother plant as influenced by nitrogen splitting and boron

Experiments were conducted to show the effect of split application of nitrogen (SN) and boron (B) on hybrid True Potato Seed (TPS) production. The TPS-67 (♂) and MF-II (♀) were used as crossing materials. The experiments comprised two factors i.e., factor-A; nitrogen splitting (4 levels): 2 split (SN0-Conventional), 3 split (SN1), 4 split (SN2) and 5 split (SN3) where 50 kg N ha–1 applied as basal from total 300 kg N ha–1 with each split application and the rest 250 kg N ha–1 was splitted as per treatment at 10 days intervals started from 30 DAP (days after planting); and factor- B; boron (4 levels): 0 (B0), 4 (B1), 6 (B2) and 8 (B3) kg B ha–1 under split-plot design with three replications. We found that SN and/or B influenced the hybrid TPS production. The maximum yield (2160.1 mg) of TPS plant–1 was found from SN1B3 and the minimum (1001.8 mg) was in SN0B0. The maximum yield (172.81 kg) of TPS ha–1 was found from SN1B3 and the minimum (80.14 kg) was in SN0B0. The maximum weight (86.87 mg) of 100-TPS was found from SN3B3; whereas, the minimum (53.36 mg) was in SN0B0.

Suitability of potato varieties grown from true seed and seed tubers for chips making using a microwave oven

One of the basic concepts of microwave drying of potato (Solanum tuberosum) chips is to achieve desired chip colour and texture, within a short period. In this study, chips (1 mm thickness) of true potato seed (TPS) (‘BARI TPS-1’) and seed potato (‘Asterix’) varieties were heated for 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 300 s by a microwave oven, and the changes in chips were analysed physiologically and histologically to investigate the suitability of TPS tubers as processing potato. Although potato chip crispiness of both potato varieties increased continuously throughout the heating treatment, crispiness of ‘BARI TPS-1’, increased more slowly than that of ‘Asterix’, indicating that TPS chips became less rigid and fluffy after microwave heating than that of ‘Asterix’ chips. SEM images of starch granules showed slower swelling and deformed structure in TPS than in ‘Asterix’, suggesting that TPS can retain crisp texture longer than ‘Asterix’. Although there was no substantial increase of a* and b* value in both potato chips, a lower value of L* and crispiness in TPS, suggests TPS chips lose crispiness and colour within a shorter period of microwave heating than ‘Asterix’.Key words: Colour, crispiness, Solanum tuberosum, TPS

Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Using True Potato Seed (TPS) at Gerado, Northeastern Ethiopia

Potato is one of economically important crop in Ethiopia. However, the average yield is far below the potential due to many challenges like lack of improved variety and quality seed potatoes. True potato seed is alternative seed source for potato production with many advantages, particularly where seed tubers is hampered by diseases. TPS used in Ethiopia, is negligible but it is likely to gain thrust in future particularly where quality seed tubers are either not available or expensive. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of potato varieties established by open-pollinated TPS seedling for yield and yield components. Eight potato varieties (Local, Bulle, Challa, Dagim, Gudanie, Jalenie, Shonkolla and Zengena) were established by open-pollinated TPS seedling for yield and yield components. The experiment laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that a significant variation in most traits was observed. The highest plant height (118.87cm) was recorded from Zengena. Bulle scored the highest marketable, unmarketable, total tuber number and marketable tuber yield per hill was 25.31, 26.03, 51.34 and 1.1117kg respectively. Local scored the highest tuber weight (1.2949 kg hill -1 ) and tuber yield (54.44 ton ha -1 ) but not significant different with Bulle, Gudanie, Dagim and Challa varieties due to its highest unmarketable tuber yield (0.3296 kg hill -1 ). The result of the study reviled that the open-pollinated potato varieties established through TPS have a great influence on yield and yield components of potato. Bulle variety has been recommended in all yield and yield components than others. Keywords : Potato, variety, Tuber number, Tuber yield, Tuber weight, True Potato Seed (TPS) DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-22-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

Effect of surface coating with waxes on the dormancy of potato tubers grown from true potato seed (TPS)

The control of dormancy is of great importance for the long-term storage of potato tubers. The effect of tuber coating with two waxes (paraffin wax and the edible wax ‘Teycer’, based on shellac and oxidised polyethylene) on the dormancy, weight loss, respiration and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) content of tubers grown from true potato seed (IP88008) was studied, using untreated tubers as controls. Tubers were stored for 120 days after treatment (DAT) in the dark at three different temperatures (5, 15, 20°C) and 80±5% R.H. Paraffin wax and ‘Teycer’ did not affect tuber dormancy at 5°C. In comparison with the controls, paraffin-treated tubers had a lower number of sprouted buds after the 42nd (15°C) and the 35th (20°C) DAT, lower weight loss (5, 15°C) and lower respiration rate up to the 15th (5°C) and the 5th (15, 20°C) DAT. However, they presented higher weight loss at 20°C and a higher respiration rate after the 25th and 10th DAT at 15 and 20°C, respectively. In contrast, ‘Teycer’ increased tuber sprouting after the 7th (20°C) and the 21st (15°C) DAT, as well as tuber weight loss at 5°C, but it had no effect on tuber weight loss at 15 and 20°C. In addition, ‘Teycer’ caused tuber rotting (18-32%) at all storage temperatures. ‘Teycer’-treated tubers had lower respiration rates than the controls from 5 to 15 DAT (5°C) and up to the 10th (15°C) and the 5th (20°C) DAT. However, respiration was higher than the controls after the 40th (5°C) and the 50th (15, 20°C) DAT. In comparison with the control, fructose, glucose and sucrose content was higher in both paraffin-treated and ‘Teycer’-treated tubers at all storage temperatures. These findings suggest that paraffin wax effectively controls tuber dormancy at 15°C, whereas the application of ‘Teycer’ is not satisfactory for the control of tuber dormancy.

Diploid True Potato Seed: Relationships among Seed Weight, Germination, and Seedling Vigor

The use of true potato seed (TPS) offers many advantages over the tuber pieces used in current potato cropping systems. Hybrid TPS based on diploid inbred lines has the potential to revolutionize the potato industry. In preparation for the transition to TPS, seed productivity traits must be characterized. The present study aims to provide data on seed germination rates and seedling vigor of diploid potatoes. The germplasm for this study consisted of families from a cross between DM1-3 and M6 that have been inbred to varying degrees. Seedling leaf area and percent germination were evaluated on 51 populations across six dates. Positive Pearson correlations were found between seed weight, percent germination, and seedling leaf area. Significant levels of variation were detected between lineages, generations, and lineage by generation interactions using ANOVA for leaf area and percent germination. Families that exhibited vigorous growth by 14-18 days post sowing continued to sustain high growth rates while families that did not exhibit vigorous growth at this time did not experience a drastic increase in growth rate. This timeframe will be an important stage in which to ensure a seedlings health in order to maximize its potential.

Technological need of True Potato Seed (TPS) growers of Tripura

The study was conducted in Khowai district of Tripura with randomly selected True Potato Seed (TPS) growers. TPS can serve as a great alternative to the seed tubers in the hilly state of Tripura as only 100 g TPS is needed for one ha. of land as compared to nearly 2 tones of seed tubers required to plant in the same area. TPS can be used as a suitable alternative technology of potato cultivation in the state to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of production. The technological need of the majority of the TPS growers, i.e., 87.50 per cent was plant protection measures with rank I. The other technological need observed were post harvest treatment (79.17 %) which includes application of boric acid, sorting and grading, packing, curing etc. and method of fertilizer application (76.67 %) with II and III rank respectively. So, it is utmost necessary that the agricultural extension workers through regular trainings on plant protection measures with the TPS growers should guide the farmers to get optimum yield per unit area by effective management of pests and diseases.

PERFORMANCE OF POTATOES GROWN FROM TRUE SEED UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN WEST JAVA

True potato seed (TPS) has been considered as an alternative planting material of seed tuber in potato production, especially in developing countries where good quality of seed tuber at reasonable price is difficult to obtain. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment and genotype on potatoes grown from TPS in contrasting seasons and sites in West Java, Indonesia over a period of two years (September 1990-October 1992). Different method of establishing the potato crop from TPS were tested and compared with ev. Granola established from seed tubers. Data were interpreted in terms of relationships between total and tuber dry matter yield and intercepted radiation (IR). The growth and yield of potatoes grown from TPS were generally better at higher rather than lower altitudes, probably related to the lower temperatures which was reflected in an increase in IR and in the efficiency of conversion of IR into total and tuber dry matter. In the highland, seedling transplants and seedling tubers were both suitable for establishing crops from TPS in the wet season, but not in the dry season. All progenies, in general performed well at the highland especially the medium-late maturing progenies such as HPS 7/13. Atlantic x LT-7 initiated tubers and matured more rapidly than the other progenies and performed well at the lower altitudes. Atzimba x DTO-28 had a more gradual decline in ground cover and was more resistant to late blight than other early-medium maturing progenies. The medium-late maturing progeny. Atzimba x R-128.6 matured later and performed poorly at the lower altitudes.

Carbon Disulphide (CS2) Promotes Sprouting and Affects the Metabolism of Harvested Minitubers Grown from True Potato Seed

Chemical agents may be used to overcome dormancy in potato tubers so as to permit early planting. In this paper, the effect of carbon disulphide on sprouting and related metabolic processes in potato tubers grown from true potato seed (TPS) was investigated. Carbon disulphide was applied to potato tubers derived from TPS, at a rate of 20 ml m−3 container volume for 72 h. It accelerated tuber sprouting and increased tuber weight loss. It also caused an increase in the respiration rate, as well as ethylene emission from the tubers during the first 6 days after treatment. The respiration rate of carbon disulphide-treated tubers remained at a higher level than that of untreated controls for 35 days after treatment. In addition, carbon disulphide increased the concentrations of the soluble sugars sucrose and fructose, but not glucose, in the tuber tissues (buds, parenchyma). These findings suggest that carbon disulphide releases potato minitubers from dormancy and that dormancy breakage is associated with changes in tuber metabolism prior to the visible sprouting.

Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth Rate and Physiological Age of Tubers Cultivated from True Potato Seed

The time of application of gibberellic acid on potato tuber growth and physiological ageing was studied. Potato plants derived from botanical seed were sprayed at five stages during their growth cycle, and tubers were harvested at 10-day intervals after treatment. It was found that hybrid Chacasina F1 forms tubers until approximately 50 days after transplantation irrespective of the season (spring or autumn). Foliar sprays with gibberellic acid 30–50 days after transplantation suppressed the growth of pre-formed tubers for about 10 days after application and promoted the induction of new tubers, leading to a higher number of tubers per plant in comparison with the untreated control. This temporary effect of gibberellic acid resulted in a reduction in mean tuber weight, but generally without affecting the total weight (yield) of tubers per plant. In addition, gibberellic acid affected the physiological age of the tubers by inducing the breakage of bud dormancy at all stages of tuber growth. Overall, at all harvest times except 90DAT, earlier sprouting and/or a higher number of sprouted buds per tuber were observed for the treatments in which GA was applied within 20 days of harvest.

Adoption of true potato seed (TPS) technology by the potato farmers ofTripura state

The study was carried out in all the erstwhile 4 (four) districts namely South Tripura, West Tripura, Dhalai and North Tripura with 240 potato farmers to ascertain adoption level of recommended practices TPS technology by the potato farmers, find out the relationship between personal characteristics of TPS farmers and adoption of TPS cultivation practice and reasons for nonadoption of TPS technology by the potato farmers. Out of 240 potato farmers 186 potato farmers have adopted the TPS technology fully (75 nos.) or partially (111 nos.). As per overall adoption, 40.32 percent of TPS farmers had high adoption behavior on TPS cultivation practices followed by medium adoption behaviour (33.33 %). Category wise, 48.00 per cent of the total marginal farmers (131 nos.) and 36.67 per cent of the total small farmers (75 nos.), 16.00 per cent of the total medium farmers (31 nos.); and 1.33 per cent of the total big farmers (3 nos.) have adopted TPS technology fully. The adoption of TPS cultivation technology was found to be positively and significantly correlated with their education, social participation, innovativeness, scientific orientation, economic motivation, knowledge at 1 per cent level of significance and mass media participation and contact with extension agency at 5 per cent level of significance. Different TPS cultivation practice wise maximum adoption were found in time, spacing and depth of seed sowing in nursery bed. Reasons for non-adoption of TPs technology by different categories of potato farmers showed that complexity in nature of technology, scarcity in skilled labour, lack of technical skill, risky technology and non-economical, no knowledge and lack of awareness were the major reasons for non-adoption of TPS technology in the study area.

Evaluation of Suitable Substrate for Seedling Tuber Production by True Potato Seed through Nursery Raising

To determine the suitable substrate, five growth substrates viz. Soil + Sand, Soil + FYM, Soil + Sand + FYM, Soil + PM (Poultry manure) and Soil + Sand + PM were used to grow the three true potato seed (TPS) genotypes viz. TPS-9802, TPS-9804 and TPS-9805. Results of the interactive effect of genotypes x substrates on plant and tuber traits concluded that maximum germination (90.5 %), plant height (46.3 cm), micro tubers (212.7), small tubers (45.7), medium tubers (28.2), large tubers (10.2) and total tubers (296.8), maximum weight of micro (1491 g), small tubers (757.6 g), medium tubers (828.9 g), large tubers (483.7 g) and total tuber weight (3561) per unit area (1m-2) and total tuber yield (35.6 t ha-1) were found in TPS-9804 grown in the substrate of soil+sand+FYM. However TPS-9805 yielded (32.5 t ha-1) and ranked 2nd with same substrate. Hence, it is recommended for raising TPS nursery.