True Loss Research Articles

Influence Function Based Second-Order Channel Pruning: Evaluating True Loss Changes for Pruning is Possible Without Retraining.

A challenge of channel pruning is designing efficient and effective criteria to select channels to prune. A widely used criterion is minimal performance degeneration, e.g., loss changes before and after pruning being the smallest. To accurately evaluate the truth performance degeneration requires retraining the survived weights to convergence, which is prohibitively slow. Hence existing pruning methods settle to use previous weights (without retraining) to evaluate the performance degeneration. However, we observe that the loss changes differ significantly with and without retraining. It motivates us to develop a technique to evaluate true loss changes without retraining, using which to select channels to prune with more reliability and confidence. We first derive a closed-form estimator of the true loss change per mask change, using influence functions without retraining. Influence function is a classic technique from robust statistics that reveals the impacts of a training sample on the model's prediction and is repurposed by us to assess impacts on true loss changes. We then show how to assess the importance of all channels simultaneously and develop a novel global channel pruning algorithm accordingly. We conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which significantly outperforms the competing channel pruning methods on both image classification and object detection tasks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first that shows evaluating true loss changes or pruning without retraining is possible. This finding will open up opportunities for a series of new paradigms to emerge that differ from existing pruning methods.

Von Willebrand Factor Antigen, Biomarkers of Inflammation, and Microvascular Flap Thrombosis in Reconstructive Surgery.

Background: Microvascular flap surgery has become a routine option for defect correction. The role of von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) in the pathophysiology of flap complications is not fully understood. We aim to investigate the predictive value of VWF:Ag for microvascular flap complications and explore the relationship between chronic inflammation and VWF:Ag. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 88 adult patients undergoing elective microvascular flap surgery. Preoperative blood draws were collected on the day of surgery before initiation of crystalloids. The plasma concentration of VWF:Ag as well as albumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), interleukin-6, and fibrinogen were determined. Results: The overall complication rate was 27.3%, and true flap loss occurred in 11.4%. VWF:Ag levels were higher in true flap loss when compared to patients without complications (217.94 IU/dL [137.27-298.45] vs. 114.14 [95.67-132.71], p = 0.001). Regression analysis revealed the association between VWF:Ag and true flap loss at the cutoff of 163.73 IU/dL (OR 70.22 [10.74-485.28], p = 0.043). Increased VWF:Ag concentrations were linked to increases in plasma fibrinogen (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (p = 0.032), and NLR (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Preoperative plasma VWF:Ag concentration is linked to biomarkers of inflammation and may be valuable in predicting complications in microvascular flap surgery.

Integration of Distributed Generations and electric vehicles in the distribution system

Power quality challenges are a major problem these days because of the significant increase in load demand and the existence of various reasons for disruptions in the distribution system. A voltage sag or a decrease in the magnitude of the line voltage can be brought on by rapid fluctuations in load or distribution system issues. Enhancing the grid current profile, reducing grid voltage sag, and improving other performances can all be achieved through the combination of electric vehicles with distribution generation systems. In this paper, the integration of Distributed Generation with Electric Vehicles in the distribution system has been done to enhance system performances such as true power loss index, imaginary power loss index, voltage deviation index, short circuit current index, cost function, and environmental impact reduction index for 16 bus distribution system in constant impedance, constant current, and constant power load models, or ZIP load models through proper location, sizing, coordinated controlling, and types of Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicle pairs for both charging and discharging modes by adopting Hybrid Genetic Algorithm - Monte Carlo Simulation optimization methodologies. This study's primary goal is to determine the optimal distribution generation and electric vehicle pairing to improve the aforementioned parameters, which will assist researchers in their future planning. Researchers, industry professionals, scientists, and individuals working with Distributed Generation and Electric vehicles in the smart grid will find this statement to be of great use.

Role of tourniquet release timing on blood loss and functional outcomes in total knee arthroplasty: Insights from a low- and middle-income country.

To identify the effect of releasing a tourniquet before versus after wound closure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on blood loss, functional outcomeand postoperative complications. A prospective cohort study was conducted including 53 patients from May 2023 to September 2023. All patients underwent unilateral TKA and were divided into two groups based on surgeon preference of deflating tourniquet, Group A consisted of patients in whom the tourniquet was deflated before wound closure for haemostasis and Group B consisted of patients in which tourniquet was deflated after wound closure and compressive dressing. Blood loss was evaluated via intraoperative blood loss (the number of soaked sponges/gauzes, blood in a suction bottle, total output in a suction bottle-irrigation used)and on-field blood lossand calculated blood loss (Using Gross and Meunier's formula). The Functional outcome was evaluated using Knee injury and osteoarthritis score-42 questions. Early postoperative complications and differences in the requirement of blood transfusions were also assessed. There was a significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The median intraoperative blood loss was 135 mL(interquartile range [IQR]: 90-149) in Group A and 56.2 mL (IQR: 45-68) in Group B (p value: 0.001). However, no difference was found between the groups in calculated blood loss using Gross and Meunier's formula. The median calculated blood loss was 439 mL (IQR: 450-813) in Group A and 508 mL (IQR:226-671) in group B (pvalue: 0.981). There was no significant difference between the groups in blood transfusion requirements or functional outcomes. Based on our results, we conclude that the intraoperative blood loss in TKA is significantly different between the groups but only represents a fraction of true blood loss (23%). The timing of releasing the tourniquet does not affect functional outcomes, blood transfusionand postoperative morbidity; hence, any time can be opted as per surgeon preference. Level II,prospective comparative study.

Wire-cut electrical discharge machining of duplex stainless steel: a study

ABSTRACT In this study, the duplex stainless steel is machined using a wire-cut electrical discharge machining process to overcome the issues of poor finishing, lower dimensional accuracy, and rapid wear of cutting tools in conventional machining processes. The higher rate of material removal and superior finish on the machine surface is dependent on kerf loss, which is expressed as the mean kerf width assessed at certain locations. Nevertheless, this approach is typically not effective in explicating the intricacies of true kerf loss due to the random selection of distinctive points. This work proposes an area-based measuring approach to quantify the kerf loss by taking into account any imperfections on the kerf wall. At the pulse on time of 20 μs and current of 3 A, the machining appears not stable. The pulse on time, current, and voltage of 12 µs, 1 A, and 80 V proved suitable for obtaining excellent dimensional precision.

Appropriate Sampling and Longer Follow-Up Are Required to Rigorously Evaluate Longevity of Humoral Memory After Vaccination.

One of the goals of vaccination is to induce long-lived immunity against the infection and/or disease. Many studies have followed the generation of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination; however, such studies typically varied by the duration of the follow-up and the number of time points at which immune response measurements were done. How these parameters (the number of time points and the overall duration of the follow-up) impact estimates of immunity longevity remain largely unknown. Several studies, including one by Arunachalam etal. (2023. J. Clin. Invest. 133: e167955), evaluated the humoral immune response in individuals receiving either a third or fourth dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; by measuring Ab levels at three time points (prior to vaccination and at 1 and 6 mo), Arunachalam etal. found similar half-life times for serum Abs in the two groups and thus suggested that additional boosting is unnecessary to prolong immunity to SARS-CoV-2. I demonstrate that measuring Ab levels at these three time points and only for 6 mo does not allow one to accurately evaluate the long-term half-life of vaccine-induced Abs. By using the data from a cohort of blood donors followed for several years, I show that after revaccination with vaccinia virus, vaccinia virus-specific Abs decay biphasically, and even the late decay rate exceeds the true slow loss rate of humoral memory observed years prior to the boosting. Mathematical models of Ab response kinetics, parameterized using preliminary data, should be used for power analysis to determine the most appropriate timing and duration of sampling to rigorously determine the duration of humoral immunity after vaccination.

Inverse physics–informed neural networks for digital twin–based bearing fault diagnosis under imbalanced samples

In actual engineering, insufficient bearing samples for each fault category presents a substantial obstacle to the intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. To address sample imbalance, this work explores a novel bearing fault data–generation approach based on digital twin technique. First, an inverse physics–informed neural network (PINN) is built to recognize dynamic model parameters by embedding a bearing dynamic model into a neural network. In this network, a boundary loss is designed to quickly determine the approximate ranges of parameters that can accelerate network convergence, and a true value loss is constructed for the assessment of spectral discrepancy between simulated and actual data. Then, using an inverse PINN, a bearing fault dynamic model, and real vibration data, we propose a digital twin–based fault data–generation method for producing high-quality bearing fault samples under multiple working conditions and fault modes. Finally, the developed approach is applied to generate bearing fault vibration samples under a specific working condition. The samples are used for training the diagnostic network, thus solving the issue of sample imbalance. The comparison results of several experiments suggest that the developed data-generation method effectively improves the precision of cross-working-condition bearing fault diagnosis and surpasses multiple state-of-the-art methods.

Seismic performance loss evaluation of reinforced concrete frame structure based on updatable damage model

AbstractAs structural seismic damage develops, the internal force transfer and damage weight relationship of component are constantly changing, and the fixed weighted coefficient is adopted by the traditional weighted method, which cannot reflect the changes in the structural damage state. The structure is a network formed by connecting a large number of components, and the network state undergoes complex changes with the development of component damage. In this paper, a novel method for component damage transfer to structural seismic performance loss is proposed using network shortest paths. First, a directed weighted complex network based on force transfer direction and component stiffness is constructed for reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures. Then, the component damage is calculated by the degradation of its stiffness and is used to update the weight distribution of the damage network. Finally, the structural performance loss is evaluated by the degradation of damage network efficiency. Results show that the proposed method with an updated component weight relationship is able to reflect the true loss of structural performance according to the finite element dynamic elastic‐plastic analysis of RC frame structures. For the structural performance loss degree (none, slight, moderate, severe, complete), the proposed method and the weighted method both exhibit high accuracy (number correctly classified/total number of samples) when structural performance loss is none, severe, or complete loss. The accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than that of the weighted method when structural performance loss is slight and moderate loss, with 58.1% and 84.2% improvement, respectively. For structural typical damage modes (global, local, and weak layer damage mode), the proposed method and the weighted method both exhibit high accuracy when structures exhibit global damage mode. The accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than that of the weighted method when structures exhibit local and weak layer damage mode. The accuracy of the proposed method is stable at 95.2%, while the accuracy of the weighted method is 76.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Overall, the weighted method exhibits high accuracy when structural performance loss is less than slight loss or greater than moderate loss, while the proposed method exhibits high accuracy throughout the entire process of structural performance loss, especially in moderate loss.

Permanent transduction of retinal ganglion cells by rAAV2-retro

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is widely used as a vector for delivery of gene therapy. Long term therapeutic benefit depends on perpetual expression of the wild-type gene after transduction of host cells by AAV. To address this issue in a mass population of identified single cells, 4 rats received an injection of a 1:1 mixture of rAAV2-retro-hSyn-EGFP and rAAV2-retro-hSyn-mCherry into each superior colliculus. After the virus was transported retrogradely to both retinas, serial fundus imaging was performed at days 14, 45, 211, and 375 to visualize individual fluorescent ganglion cells. The location of each cell was plotted to compare labeling at each time point. In 12/16 comparisons, 97% or more of the cells identified in the initial baseline fundus image were still labeled at day 375. In 4 cases the percentage was lower, but in these cases the apparent reduction in the number of labeled cells at day 375 was attributable to the lower quality of follow-up fundus images, rather than true loss of transgene expression. These data indicate that retinal ganglion cells transduced by rAAV2-retro are transduced permanently.

Beyond guesswork: how accurate are surgeons at determining the degree of glenoid bone loss in instability surgery?

BackgroundAccurate measurement of glenoid bone loss (GBL) is critical to preoperative planning in cases of recurrent shoulder instability. The concept of critical bone loss has been established with a value of GLB >13.5% being associated with higher failure rate following arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Advanced imaging, such as MRI scans, can be used to quantify GBL prior to surgery utilizing the best-fit circle technique. Surgeons have traditionally relied on visual inspection of the MRI scan preoperatively or on visual inspection of the glenoid at the time of arthroscopy to determine whether GBL is present. The purpose of this study is to determine if 3 fellowship-trained shoulder surgeons could adequately quantify GBL without utilizing best-fit circle measurements on MRI. MethodsA retrospective review was performed which included 122 patients over an 8-year period who had an arthroscopic Bankart repair performed by 3 fellowship-trained surgeons. In all patients, preoperative MRI scans were retrospectively measured utilizing best-fit circle technique to determine true GBL and compare that to the surgeons' pre- and intraoperative estimation of GBL. ResultsGBL was correctly identified in only 36% (18/50) of patients when the preoperative best-fit circle measurements were not made. Critical bone loss was missed in 9.8% (15/122) of patients in the study group. The estimated mean bone loss in that group by visual inspection was 11.3% compared to 16% true bone loss measured on MRI. Even in the 18 patients with some identified bone loss prior to surgery, critical bone loss was missed in 6 patients when utilizing visual inspection of the MRI or intraoperative inspection alone. ConclusionsSimple visual inspection of glenoid images on MRI scan as well as visual inspection of the glenoid at the time of surgery are inaccurate in determining the true extent of glenoid bone loss especially in cases of subtle bone deficiency. Preoperative planning is dependent on the exact degree of bone deficiency and measurement on the MRI scan utilizing the best-fit circle technique is recommended on all cases of instability surgery.

EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE AND CHAOTIC BASED SPHYRAENA CHRYSOTAENIA OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS FOR LOSS LESSENING AND POWER STABILITY MAGNIFICATION

In this paper Extreme Learning Machine and Chaotic based Sphyraena Chrysotaenia Optimization Algorithms are applied for solving the Real Power loss lessening problem. Key objective of this work are Real power loss decreasing, power divergence restraining, and power constancy amplification. Extreme Learning machine and chaotic are integrated in the algorithm to obtain the better solutions. Candidate solutions in the projected Sphyraena Chrysotaenia optimization are Sphyraena Chrysotaenia and population in the inspection region is quixotically enthused. Spasmodically impressive solutions can be erroneous while restructuring the position of inspection agents and renewed positions may be inadequate one than the previous positions so magnificent selection is engaged. Domination comprises recurrence the self-effacing fitting solution to ensuing generation. In Extreme Learning Machine based Sphyraena Chrysotaenia Optimization Algorithm (ELMSC) initial phases of iteration, the Sphyraena Chrysotaenia Optimization Algorithm contestants are diversified in position and exponential standby generates unrestricted impulsive calculations which endow the rudiments to accommodate the entire revelation area. Compatibly, all over end stage of iterations, fundamentals are enclosed by Sphyraena Chrysotaenia Optimization Algorithm contestants and all an optimal condition with equivalent scheme. Chaotic sequences are combined into the Sphyraena Chrysotaenia Optimization Algorithm (CSCO). This amalgamation will augment the Exploration and Exploitation. Tinkerbell chaotic map fabricating tenets are employed. Proposed ELMSC and CSCO are corroborated in IEEE 30, 57, 118, 300, and 354 bus test systems. True power loss lessening, power divergence curtailing, and power constancy augmentation has been achieved. In future proposed ELMSC and CSCO can be applied to solve the others problems in Electrical engineering and also can be applied to resolve the problems in other engineering domains.

Efficacy of gelatin-thrombin matrix sealants for blood loss in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Although gelatin-thrombin matrix sealants have been used successfully in other surgery types, their effect on reducing blood loss during single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is unclear. We thus examined the efficacy of gelatin-thrombin matrix sealants for reducing blood loss during such surgery. We analyzed 102 patients who underwent single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disease. We compared body mass index, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, true total blood loss, hidden blood loss, the proportion of blood transfusion, blood pressure pre- and post-surgery (systolic and diastolic), and pre-and post-surgery laboratory data (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer) between patients in whom gelatin-thrombin matrix sealants were (GTMS group) or were not (control group) used during surgery. One-week postoperative epidural hematoma size was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The GTMS and control groups included 54 (24 males and 30 females) and 48 patients (19 males and 29 females). Intraoperative, true total, and hidden blood loss; epidural hematoma size; and hospitalization duration were significantly lower in the GTMS than in the control group. Intraoperative blood loss correlated with surgical time (R = 0.523, P = .001), body mass index (R = 0.221, P = .036), and the amount of gelatin-thrombin matrix sealant used (r = -0.313, P = .002). In multivariate linear regression analysis using intraoperative blood loss as the dependent variable, surgical time (standardization coefficient 0.516, P = .001) and amount of gelatin-thrombin matrix sealant used (standardization coefficient -0.220, P = .032) were independently related factors. In our study, the GTMS group had significantly less intraoperative true total and hidden blood loss than did the control group. Thus, use of gelatin-thrombin matrix sealants reduce perioperative blood loss in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

The state of the cognitions of clean-up workers of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident

Purpose: Clinical and neuropsychiatric assessment of the state of the cognitive functions of clean up workers of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.Comparative examination of the cognitive functions of a group of clean up workers of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, suffering from non-psychotic psychoorganic syndrome and patients with of cerebrovascular brain damage, using clinical, clinical-metric and neuropsychological methods. Psychopathological and neuropsychological assessment of their condition, correlation of neuropsychological and clinical-psychopathological manifestations of the identified disorders.The study revealed a wide range of cognitive impairments; at the remote stages, they dem onstrate an increase in cognitive impairment with the inclusion in the neuropsychological profile of predementia signs of the «Alzheimer’s» type. The predominance of violations of the regulatory mechanisms of cognitive functions over operational, predominantly neurodynamic, was noted. An increase in psycho-organic symptoms occurring against the background of somatic disorders can provoke previously unmanifested signs of neurodegenerative processes. Conative (motivational) disorders are also characteristic of the DS subgroup and are associated with altered affective mechanisms that are available for recovery as affective disorders are reduced. The structure of the clinical state of patients with LPA gravitates towards the psycho-pathological and neuropsychological profile of the CDS subgroup and is determined by the inclusion of deep structural mechanisms of cognitive impairment. The loss or decline in cognitive capabilities is acutely and painfully experienced in the LPA group; perhaps, there is not a true loss of skills, but some overvalued processing of the existing decline in professional level and household self-service abilities.

The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score for Prediction of Microvascular Flap Complications in Reconstructive Surgery.

Microvascular flap surgery is a widely acknowledged procedure for significant defect reconstruction. Multiple flap complication risk factors have been identified, yet there are limited data on laboratory biomarkers for the prediction of flap loss. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score has demonstrated good postoperative outcome assessment ability in diverse surgical populations. We aim to assess the predictive value of the CONUT score for complications in microvascular flap surgery. This prospective cohort study includes 72 adult patients undergoing elective microvascular flap surgery. Preoperative blood draws for analysis of full blood count, total plasma cholesterol, and albumin concentrations were collected on the day of surgery before crystalloid infusion. Postoperative data on flap complications and duration of hospitalization were obtained. The overall complication rate was 15.2%. True flap loss with vascular compromise occurred in 5.6%. No differences in flap complications were found between different areas of reconstruction, anatomical flap types, or indications for surgery. Obesity was more common in patients with flap complications (p = 0.01). The CONUT score had an AUC of 0.813 (0.659-0.967, p = 0.012) for predicting complications other than true flap loss due to vascular compromise. A CONUT score > 2 was indicated as optimal during cut-off analysis (p = 0.022). Patients with flap complications had a longer duration of hospitalization (13.55, 10.99-16.11 vs. 25.38, 14.82-35.93; p = 0.004). Our findings indicate that the CONUT score has considerable predictive value in microvascular flap surgery.

Real Power Loss Reduction by Maine Coon and Perognathinae Based Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes Maine Coon and Perognathinae based optimization (MPO) algorithm for solving the power loss lessening problem. Usual behaviour between Maine Coon and Perognathinae is imitated to formulate the MPO algorithm. In the proposed MPO, the crusade of Maine Coon towards Perognathinae as well as the spurt of Perognathinae in the direction of anchorages is replicated. Proposed MPO is population-based procedure which is premeditated by imitating the natural actions of a Maine Coon assaults on Perognathinae and absconding of Perognathinae to the anchorage. The exploration agents in the projected MPO algorithm are alienated into two clusters of Maine Coon’s and Perognathinae that examine the problem exploration space with arbitrary activities. The projected MPO algorithm apprises population associates in two segments. In the principal segment, the crusade of Maine Coon’s in the direction of Perognathinae is modelled, and in the subsequent segment, the absconding behaviour of Perognathinae to anchorages to protect its life is designed. From a scientific fact of opinion, every associate of the populace is a recommended solution to the problem. In detail, an associate of the population postulates standards for the problem parameters rendering to its location in the exploration space. Proposed MPO algorithm is appraised in IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 14, 30, 57, 118, 300 bus test systems without considering the voltage constancy index. True power loss lessening, voltage divergence curtailing, and voltage constancy index augmentation has been attained

Comparison of surgical invasiveness, hidden blood loss, and clinical outcome between unilateral biportal endoscopic and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disease: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundCurrently, hidden blood loss (HBL) has been paid more and more attention by spine surgeons. Simultaneously, it has been the effort of spine surgeons to explore more advantages of minimally invasive surgery. More and more articles have compared unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (BE-LIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). But so far, there is no HBL comparison between BE-LIF and MIS-TLIF. This study aims to compare the surgical invasiveness, hidden blood loss, and clinical outcome of BE-LIF and MIS-TLIF and to provide insight regarding minimally invasive surgery for lumbar degenerative disease (LDD).MethodsWe enrolled 103 eligible patients with LDD who underwent BE-LIF (n = 46) and MIS-TLIF (n = 57) during August 2020–March 2021. We collected data, including demographics, perioperative haematocrit, operative and postoperative hospital times, serum creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and hospitalization costs. Total and hidden blood loss was calculated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), modified MacNab criteria, fusion rate, and complications.ResultsBasic demographics and surgical data were comparable. The CRP and CK levels were generally lower in the BE-LIF than in the MIS-TLIF group, especially CRP levels on postoperative day (POD) three and CK levels on POD one. True total blood loss, postoperative blood loss, and hidden blood loss were significantly reduced in the BE-LIF group compared with the MIS-TLIF group. Postoperative hospital times was statistically significantly shorter in the BE-LIF group. The VAS pain and ODI scores improved in both groups. At three days and one month, the VAS lower back pain scores were significantly better after BE-LIF. Clinical outcomes did not otherwise differ between groups.ConclusionsCompared with MIS-TLIF, BE-LIF has similar medium and short-term clinical outcomes. However, it is better regarding surgical trauma, early lower back pain, total and hidden blood loss, and recovery time. BE-LIF is an adequate option for selected LDD.

Simultaneous network reconfiguration and DG allocation in radial distribution networks using arithmetic optimization algorithm

AbstractThis article introduces a newly suggested meta‐heuristic arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) to reorganize the distribution network with the simultaneous distribution of distributed generators (DGs). The algorithm is designed to be flexible with a new approach that employs the scattering behavior of arithmetic operators in mathematics to discover the solution space more proficiently throughout the path of iterations. The usefulness of the AOA is demonstrated on 33‐bus, and 69‐bus radial distribution networks (RDNs) with network reconfiguration (NR) in the presence of DGs. The main objective of NR and effective DG arrangement in RDNs is to truncate the true power loss, reduce the voltage fluctuation, and voltage stability index enlargement. In order to increase the efficacy of the RDN, a multi‐objective function is created in view of active power loss, voltage deviation, and voltage stability index of the system with appropriate strategy without destroying the system restrictions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the RDN, four separate cases of NR and DG employment have been carried out. Four cases namely, base case (case‐1), reconfiguration (case‐2), simultaneous reconfiguration and DG installation with a unity power factor (case‐3), and simultaneous reconfiguration and DG installation with 0.95 lagging power factor (case‐4) are explored. The projected technique gives better results than other renowned methods, namely, fireworks algorithm (FWA), harmony search algorithm (HSA), refined genetic algorithm (RGA), and improved sine‐cosine algorithm (ISCA) strategy in view of 33, 69‐bus RDN at three dissimilar load conditions and its supremacy is confirmed.

Comparison of true blood loss between short and long cephalomedullary nail fixation of geriatric hip fractures, a retrospective cohort study.

Existing literature is discrepant on the differences in blood loss and need for transfusion between short and long cephalomedullary nails used for extracapsular geriatric hip fractures. However, prior studies used the inaccurate estimated rather than the more accurate 'calculated' blood loss based on hematocrit dilution (Gibon in IO 37:735-739, 2013, Mercuriali in CMRO 13:465-478, 1996). This study sought to clarify whether use of short nails is associated with clinically meaningful reductions in calculated blood loss and resultant need for transfusion. A retrospective cohort study using bivariate and propensity score-weighted linear regression analyses was conducted examining 1442 geriatric (ages 60-105) patients undergoing cephalomedullary fixation of extracapsular hip fractures over 10years at two trauma centers. Implant dimensions, pre and postoperative laboratory values, preoperative medications, and comorbidities were recorded. Two groups were compared based on nail length (greater or less than 235mm). Short nails were associated with a 26% reduction in calculated blood loss (95% confidence interval: 17-35%; p < 10-14) and a 24-min (36%) reduction in mean operative time (95% confidence interval: 21-26min; p < 10-71). The absolute reduction in transfusion risk was 21% (95% confidence interval: 16-26%; p < 10-13) yielding a number needed to treat of 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 3.9-6.4) with short nails to prevent one transfusion. No difference in reoperation, periprosthetic fracture, or mortality was noted between groups. Use of short compared to long cephalomedullary nails for geriatric extracapsular hip fractures confers reduced blood loss, need for transfusion, and operative time without a difference in complications.

Commentary: Rethinking 10-2 visual fields in early diagnosis of glaucoma for a glided glaucoma practice: The right choice to pick up a feeble noise?

Commentary: Rethinking 10-2 visual fields in early diagnosis of glaucoma for a glided glaucoma practice: The right choice to pick up a feeble noise?

Real Power Loss Reduction by Enhanced Russian Haliaeetus Pelagicus Optimization

In this paper Enhanced Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus Optimization Algorithm is applied for solving the Power loss lessening problem. Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus Optimization Algorithm is modeled based on the natural deeds of Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus. A spiral trajectory for exploration and a straight-line lane for assails done by Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus for hunting. It shows proclivity to sail in preliminary phase of hunting and efficiently changeover to further proclivity to assail in the concluding phases. Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus conserve proclivity for both sail and assail in each instant of the voyage. Sail vector is computed based on the assail vector. Sail vector is a tangent to the loop and vertical to the assail vector. The sail can be linear pace of Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus in comparison the prey. The sail vector in n-dimensions is situated within the tangent plane in loop in order compute the sail vector. In Enhanced Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus Optimization Algorithm exterior archive, prey precedence condition, and picking of prey are added through multi-objective mode. The fundamental plan is to keep capable solutions in an exterior archive and modernize when procedure continues. Exploration agents are moved in the direction of the stored entities. If the new-fangled solution is conquered by one or more of the present archives' entities, then the new-fangled solution is removed. If the new-fangled solution is not ruled over the present entities of the stored one and the records are not occupied, basically append the new-fangled position to the store. Prudence of the Enhanced Russian Haliaeetus pelagicus Optimization Algorithm is corroborated in IEEE 30 bus system (with and devoid of L-index). True power loss lessening is reached. Ratio of true power loss lessening is augmented