Truck Vehicle Research Articles

Are vehicle strikes causing millions of bee deaths per day on western United States roads? Preliminary data suggests the number is high

Are vehicle strikes causing millions of bee deaths per day on western United States roads? Preliminary data suggests the number is high

Improving truck service performance in transporting rock aggregate using Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm

Inter-island shipment requests for rock aggregate products are served through the terminal for their own needs (TFON). The high demand for rock aggregate products causes many ships to queue up to be loaded. However, this condition is not comparable to the availability of dump trucks used to serve loading and unloading activities. This study aims to improve the performance of dump truck service in transporting rock aggregate so that the number of dump truck vehicles and optimal loading and unloading service times from the stockpile to ship at TFON are obtained. The research location was carried out at active rock mining companies in the Central Sulawesi region. The data collection method is carried out using field surveys (observations) using a time recording device by recording the process of transporting rock aggregates from the stockpile location to the ship in TFON and collecting secondary data on the demand for rock aggregates to be transported. The analysis method uses the hybrid Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO-GA) method namely a combination method between the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm which aims to maximize the optimal number of trucks used in the transportation process and minimize the time in the loading and unloading process. The results showed that there had been an increase in service performance of the dump truck used in transporting rock aggregate with the longest distance of 2.3 km with a total of 5 dump trucks. The number of dump trucks of 5 units was selected because it falls within the fitness value criteria which is closest to the optimum value or equal to the value of the resources owned. Meanwhile, the optimal loading and unloading process time is in the range of 1.81–3.34 working days

Florida sandhill crane survival along a wildland‐to‐urban land use gradient

AbstractThe Florida sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis pratensis) is a state‐threatened non‐migratory subspecies. Our understanding of adult crane survival in Florida, USA, is unclear, as it relies on decades‐old unpublished data of birds residing in natural areas. Since that time, the loss of natural habitat precipitated cranes using urbanized areas such as suburban lawns and roadside verges for foraging and loafing. Contemporary studies are needed to properly guide crane management and conservation efforts. We addressed this knowledge gap by estimating the annual survival rate for sandhill cranes in 12 central Florida counties. We used a live‐dead capture‐recapture multistate model, monitoring 118 adult cranes from June 2017 to May 2023; 76 were color‐banded and 42 were tagged with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) transmitters. Fifteen cranes died during the study, with vehicle strikes (n = 9) being the most prevalent identified source of mortality. Overall, the annual survival probability was estimated at 0.79 (95% credibility interval = 0.75–0.84). Using the subset of GSM‐tagged cranes, we observed no influence of urbanization on annual survival rate (βurbanization gradient = 0.007, 95% credibility interval = −0.008, 0.022). The adult survival rates we observed are lower than reported for other populations of sandhill cranes in North America that are considered stable or growing.

Analysis the dynamic rollover threshold and roll safety thresholds of 4-axle truck vehicle: a simulation approach

Analysis the dynamic rollover threshold and roll safety thresholds of 4-axle truck vehicle: a simulation approach

Concept of Early Prediction and Identification of Truck Vehicle Failures Supported by In-Vehicle Telematics Platform Based on Abnormality Detection Algorithm

Concept of Early Prediction and Identification of Truck Vehicle Failures Supported by In-Vehicle Telematics Platform Based on Abnormality Detection Algorithm

Long‐term (29‐year) spatiotemporal patterns of sea turtle deaths in the southern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Sea turtles are key imperilled species that interact with numerous threats in their critical in‐water and inland habitats, which they occupy along their complex life cycle. Therefore, analysing these interactions is essential for adapting ongoing conservation and management actions. The long‐term recording of stranded sea turtle individuals and the potential causes of death in their breeding habitats is crucial for defining and adapting conservation actions. Twenty‐nine years of sea turtle stranding and mortality data (1992–2019) at nesting beaches in Campeche, Mexico, were analysed to describe their spatiotemporal patterns per species and possible causes of death. The most impacted species was the hawksbill turtle, followed by green and Kemp's ridley individuals. The most frequent probable causes of death in this region were bycatch, seismic surveys, vehicle strikes and slaughter at nesting beaches. Both immature and breeding individuals were stranded, mostly the former, and the most frequent months were in the summer (June–August). This study establishes a historic reference baseline for the spatiotemporal mortality patterns of imperilled sea turtle species in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. It shows their interactions with anthropogenic activities and the circumstances jeopardizing their population recovery. It also points out management and conservation actions to implement to improve their long‐term viability in the context of the operationalization of their key attributes and interactions with their seascapes.

Development and trend analysis of the cybertruck

Considering that the popularity of electric vehicle trucks (EVs) is growing, this paper takes Teslas Cybertruck as an example and discusses its power system, autonomous driving system, design concepts and materials. The purpose of this research is to explore the trends of future automobile development that are more environmentally friendly, more capable of living, more intelligent, and more multi-functional. Through the analysis, it can be found that the future automobile technology will develop in the direction of electrification, intelligence, multi-function and multi-modal. First of all, vehicles are more inclined to use battery engines with stronger endurance and faster charging speed to further reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency. Secondly, to improve fully autonomous driving technology, future vehicles tend to combine artificial intelligence (AI) with driving control systems. Moreover, according to the different needs of different models, the most suitable design scheme is combined with aerodynamics, and the materials with stronger strength, lighter weight and easier recycling are selected for the manufacture of the body.

Evolution of work conditions for employees driving for work in France based on data from the 2003, 2010 and 2017 SUMER surveys (Surveillance Médicale des expositions aux risques Professionnels)

Introduction: The occupational road-accident risk on public roads and the work conditions for professional driving is still an important issue in occupational health despite lower road-accident rates. This study presents the evolution over time of the work-related constraints for these employees based on the Sumer surveys carried out in 2003, 2010 and 2017. Method: Data from the 2010 and 2017 surveys were restricted to match the scope of the 2003 survey in order to enable prevalence data to be compared in equivalent populations. The main variable of interest was “driving (car, truck, bus, and other vehicles) on public thoroughfares” for work (during the last week of work: yes/no). Work time characteristics, work rhythm, autonomy and scope for initiative, collective work group, standards and evaluations variables were completed by the occupational health physicians. A self-administered questionnaire was also provided to employees and contained the Job Content Questionnaire, which assesses decision latitude, social support and psychological demands, the reward scale of Siegrist questionnaire, the hostile behaviour with inspired questions for Leymann, sick leave and work accidents during the past 12 months and job satisfaction. Finally, prevention in the workplace was also completed by the occupational health physicians. Results: About 25% of employees in France were exposed to work-related driving in 2017, which was stable in comparison with 2003 and 2010. However, the population was older and there were more females, more often from the clerical staff/middle manager category and working in companies with fewer than 10 employees. Employees exposed to work-related driving were also more frequently exposed to sustained work schedules and physical constraints, but less exposed to psychosocial risks. Conclusions: The percentage of employees exposed to occupational road accident risk, i.e., exposure to work-related driving, remained stable at about 25% in 2017 compared with previous surveys. These employees were also more frequently exposed to sustained work schedules and physical constraints, but less exposed to psychosocial risks. Practical Applications: Prevention campaigns on work-related road accident risk should be provided to all employees in all companies since all jobs can be concerned.

Interaksi Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan di Jalan Tol dengan Kesenjangan Kecepatan sebagai Pemicu Kejadian Tabrak dari Belakang pada Malam Hari di Jalan Tol Cipali

Traffic accidents due to rear-end collisions are the highest contributor to the death rate in traffic accidents that occur on toll roads. It is suspected that vehicle, environmental, weather and driver factors as well as high speed gaps contribute to the occurrence of accidents. This study aims to determine the relationship between vehicle, environmental, weather and driver factors with the occurrence of speed gaps through observations of rear light brightness levels, vehicle visibility and speed. This study uses a descriptive observational method. The sample is a vehicle that passes through the Cipali Toll Road KM 188-108 towards Jakarta, on Sunday, January 29, 2024 at 19.30-21.00 WIB. The observer vehicle speed is 80-100 km/hour. The brightness level is measured using a luxmeter. The results of the study obtained dark weather, no rain, some toll roads did not have street lights, there were 316 minibus, bus and truck vehicles that passed or passed the researcher's route. A total of 240 vehicles (75%) of the minibus type had appropriate rear light brightness, visibility and speed. As many as 56 vehicles (23%) of the truck type had low rear light brightness, poor visibility, and speeds below regulations, resulting in a high speed gap which has a high potential to cause rear-end collisions.

ANALYSIS OF UNCONTROLLED WEAR IN THE AREA OFA BELLEVILLE SPRING OF A FRICTION TORSIONAL VIBRATIONDAMPER IN A MOTOR VEHICLE CLUTCH

The article describes the problem of excessive tribological wear of a torsional vibration damper built intoa single-disc friction clutch of a truck vehicle. In contrast to the controlled, design-based wear of damper’sfriction rings, i.e., wear whose kinetics are known and predictable, uncontrolled wear at Belleville springcontact surfaces effects in a premature decrease in the damper’s friction torque and, consequently, loss ofdurability. As a result of the analyses and experimental work, the causes of accelerated wear were identified.Sets of springs and friction rings from the 10 used vibration dampers that worked under similar operatingconditions but with different operating periods were used as the basic research material. The influence ofabrasive wear of Belleville springs on their load-deflection characteristic was identified. A comparativeanalysis of the characteristics of the new spring and the used springs is also presented to illustrate changes inthe axial load in the assemblies of the analyzed dampers.

The Effects of Increased Distance Travel on the Operating Costs of Freight Truck Vehicles

Transportation industry is an important part of most countries’ economies with significant effects on productivity and social welfare. However, refrigeration has dramatically altered global food transportation efficiencies in the cold supply chain. Hence, a key factor to optimize transportation is by lowering operational costs, with distance travel having a considerable impact. The paper examines how the operational costs of different truck classes is influenced by the distance travelled. The operating cost equation was utilized to make a comparison between vehicle operating costs and to assess how these costs change in relation to travel distance. The equation consists of influential parameters such as fuel cost, driver wage, and maintenance cost of a vehicle. The result showed that the operating cost rate varies among trucks of different classes. According to the results of the equation and effective parameter analysis, 18-ton trucks had the highest cost, followed by 5-ton trucks. This is due to fact that the cost is influenced by factors of travel distance, tolls, and fuel consumption. Furthermore, based on transportation costs, a green practice framework can be constructed to reduce truck costs for each delivery while reducing CO2 emissions to the environment. By taking into account transportation cost factors in the framework of green practices, effective and practical information can be generated such as product delivery schedules to customers and better routes to improve business performance. Finally, effective transportation management can improve inventory flow by enhancing warehouse efficiency, reducing overall lead time, and saving on storage costs.

Construction of systemic interaction between tools of remote monitoring of the technical condition and operation modes of a truck vehicle

Parameters of the technical condition of transportation means in modern transport-logistics and infrastructure systems are an integral element of their communication support. This is enabled by the use of remote information monitoring technologies in control processes. The object of this study is the processes of vehicle remote monitoring in terms of determining the technical condition. The work addressed the task of improving the process of vehicle technical operation through the construction of a model of the remote monitoring system of its technical condition. A remote version of the information-analytical monitoring system was implemented. The work considers the system interaction of the means of remote monitoring of the state of a vehicle to ensure control under the operating conditions of the driver's work and rest modes. Road, transport, climatic conditions, etc. were taken into account. Considering these features, an information and analytical model of the system for remote monitoring of vehicle condition was built. Features of the subject area of the system are described using a DFD diagram. A structured information model of the information-communication system has been constructed, which has the ability to actually provide vehicle remote monitoring, the driver's work and rest modes, and his/her physical condition. The results, subject to the use of the V2I information model in the field of transport, allow remote monitoring of the vehicle technical condition. Specifically, to analyze the influence of changes in the physical condition and modes of work and rest of drivers on changes in the vehicle operating parameters

Are front crash prevention systems less effective at preventing rear-end crashes where trucks and motorcycles are struck?

Objective Automatic emergency braking (AEB) and forward collision warning (FCW) are effective at preventing rear-end crashes, but they may perform better in some rear-end crash scenarios than others. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of front crash prevention systems equipped to passenger vehicles in crashes where another passenger vehicle, a medium/heavy truck, or a motorcycle is struck and compare effectiveness by struck vehicle type. Methods More than 160,000 two-vehicle rear-end crashes were identified where a passenger vehicle with or without FCW and AEB was the striking vehicle and another passenger vehicle, medium/heavy truck, or motorcycle was the struck vehicle. Poisson regression was used to estimate the effect of front crash prevention by struck vehicle type on rear-end crash rates per registered vehicle year, accounting for the state and year of the crash and the make, model year, class, and engine type of the striking vehicle. Results Front crash prevention was associated with a 53% reduction in rear-end crash rates when striking another passenger vehicle, which was significantly larger than the reductions of 38% when striking a medium/heavy truck and 41% when striking a motorcycle. Reductions in rear-end injury crash rates when striking a passenger vehicle also were larger than when striking a medium/heavy truck and when striking a motorcycle. Discussion If all passenger vehicles were equipped with FCW and AEB that were as effective in crashes striking a truck or motorcycle as they are in crashes with another passenger vehicle, over 5,500 additional crashes with medium/heavy trucks and 500 with motorcycles could potentially be prevented annually in the United States above what would be expected from current front crash prevention systems. Extending front crash prevention testing in consumer information programs to include motorcycle and truck targets could encourage auto manufacturers to improve performance in these crash scenarios.

Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control System on Traffic Flow and Safety Considering Various Combinations of Front Truck and Rear Passenger Car Situations

Existing studies on the heterogeneity in traffic flow have considered either conventional car–truck or conventional vehicle–automated vehicle combinations. Nevertheless, these assumptions are not realistic as there will be possible combinations of cars–trucks and conventional–automated vehicles in the future. This study aims to investigate heterogeneous traffic flow with or without an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system for the pair of a front truck and a rear passenger car. Vissim microscopic traffic simulation software and the HighD dataset were applied. The major findings include the following. (1) The greater the penetration rate of ACC vehicles in the same speed interval, the smaller the space headway of the rear car. (2) Both conventional and ACC cars accelerate or decelerate frequently when their speeds exceed that of the front truck in the car-following state. In the free-flow state, a conventional car keeps a constant speed or accelerates, while an ACC car mainly adopts an acceleration strategy. (3) The variation of speed differences and space headways is smallest when both the front truck and rear car have ACC. (4) The probability of conflicts between the front truck and rear car pair decreases with the increase of market penetration of ACC vehicles. Compared to conventional cars, the rear car equipped with ACC exhibits a lower probability of conflicts. Statistical tests further confirmed the significant differences between any two of the four combinations based on the ACC equipment.

Vehicle Routing Problem as a Solution for Determining Goods Delivery Routes PT. Kreasi Beton Nusa Persada

VRP distributions have had difficulty overcoming the problem of finding channels with minimal depots to locations that have different places with different total demand. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of transportation routes in the distribution of products obtained from the initial location of distribution to users. This type of research is qualitative research. This research was conducted at PT. Nusa Persada Concrete Creations. The Nearest Neighbor method is used to determine the distribution of routes. The Local Search method is carried out to evaluate and improve the distribution of routes carried out at the beginning with the Nearest Neighbors method. The data analysis process consists of several stages with the Nearest Neighbor method and the LocalSearch method. The results of the study, namely the Model Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) applied in determining ready mix delivery routes at PT. Nusapersada Concrete Creation using nearest and local neighbor methods. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) models using nearest and local neighbor methods can be used applied in determining ready mix delivery routes to limited companies. Nusapersada Concrete Creations. This makes distance and time more effective, as well as more cost efficient. New routes generated This is a route improvement solution that PT. The application of the Nusapersada Concrete Creations model results in a new route that reduces the distance closer, faster completion time, and fuel cost savings for truck vehicles compared to the initial route. This makes distance and time more effective, as well as more cost efficient.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Hino Service on Site (Studi Kasus : Dealer Hino, PT. Persada Lampung Raya)

<span lang="EN-US">Service on site is one of the after-sales services for Hino Truck vehicles. The Service on Site contract program provides customer vehicle service services at the customer's location or site by placing a mechanic at the customer's location. In its implementation, several obstacles were encountered, such as the vehicle service history was not recorded, there were no service reports so the customer did not know the vehicle's performance. So this research develops the design of the Hino Service on Site Information System using observational research methods, literature review, and documentation. To build the system, Use Case diagrams were designed and then measured using Use Case Points (UCP) to assist management in expanding the Servicee on Site Information System. UCP will assist management when making decisions regarding system development in terms of time, human resources and finances. Software measurement using UCP in the Service on Site Information System at Hino Dealers PT. Persada Lampung Raya has a Use Case Point (UCP) score of 38.448 and is categorized as a small software size project, which is smaller than 99. With the proposed design of this system, it can simplify and speed up the on site service administration process and can provide information in the form of vehicle performance reports to customers so that they can improve service on site program</span>

CE Module: Program Evaluation of Fit to Pass®-A Remotely Accessible Health Promotion Program for Commercial Motor Vehicle Truck Drivers.

CE Module: Program Evaluation of Fit to Pass®-A Remotely Accessible Health Promotion Program for Commercial Motor Vehicle Truck Drivers.

The dispersion of various pollutants emitted from truck and passenger vehicles: a wind-tunnel study.

In recent years, investigation of the dispersion of exhaust gas from vehicles has received increasing attention in various studies using various approaches, including on-field measurements, experimental laboratory models, and software simulations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in vehicle traffic conditions, fuel type used in an engine, and vehicle size on the emission and dispersion of gaseous pollutants from the exhaust pipe in a wind tunnel. The results showed that pollutant concentration decreases along the tailpipe centerline as the exhaust gas moves backward and the flow pattern changes significantly from 11.5 to 15 m/s. However, for the passenger car, the small recirculation region in the near-wake region at an inflow air velocity of 11.5 m/s carries away more particles compared to an incoming velocity of 15 m/s, resulting in lower gaseous concentrations in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The gaseous dispersion behind the truck and the car is wider for an inflow air velocity of 11 m/s, especially for NO, NO2, and SO2. The results also showed that the pollutant concentrations of the truck exhaust plume were higher than those of the passenger car in lower inflow air velocity in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The lower concentration of dispersed gaseous pollutants behind the passenger car model compared to the truck model may be attributed to the shape and height of the truck model, which can trap more particles behind the vehicle. Finally, the dispersion pattern of SO2 is almost identical to that of NO2, and the dispersion of the exhaust gas plume related to CO and NO pollutants is more prolonged than that of CO2 and NO2 particles along the tailpipe centerline. The findings of this study may help in estimating the concentration of pollutants along urban highways.

The Use of XGBoost Algorithm to Analyse the Severity of Traffic Accident Victims

Traffic accidents are still significant contributors to a fairly high death. Denpasar’s resort police record every traffic accident in the form of a daily report. The stored data can generate valuable information to improve policies and propagate better traffic practices. This research utilizes the classification technique with the XGBoost, random forest algorithm, and SMOTE method. The study shows that the SMOTE technique can increase the model's accuracy. Using the classification method with the two algorithms produces factors that affect the severity of traffic accident victims with feature importance. The feature importance obtained using the XGBoost model by counting the weight value for testing using the original dataset, the dataset for the type of two-wheeled vehicle, and the dataset of the kind of vehicle other than two-wheeled indicate that the variables influencing the severity of victims in road accidents are the time of accident between 00.00-06.00, the type of vehicle motorcycle, the type of opponent vehicle truck and pickup car, the age of the driver between 16-25, sub-district road status and front – side type of accident.

Looking back in the rearview: Insights into Queensland’s rear-end crashes

Objective Rear-end crashes cost the most out of any crash type to the Compulsory Third Party insurance scheme of Queensland. Rear-end crashes are also one of the most common types of crashes, peaking as the most common type of crash in Queensland in 2019. This study investigated the environmental, driver, and vehicle characteristics associated with rear-end collisions in Queensland, Australia. Methods A totle of 367,230 crashes in the Queensland crash database between 2001 and 2021 were used to identify crash trends in Queensland, particularly related to rear-end crashes. For crashes between 2015 and 2021, additional information was gathered and allowed further analysis of factors contributing to rear-end crashes using the quasi-induced exposure method. Two binary classification tree models were used. Model 1 investigated the environmental characteristics that predicted a crash being a rear-end or not. Model 2 investigated the controller and vehicle characteristics that predict a rear-end crash-involved vehicle to be either the striking (at-fault) or struck (not-at-fault) vehicle. Results Model 1 indicated that rear-end crashes were overrepresented in urban areas and major cities and where speed limits exceeded 50 km/h. Model 2 indicated that occupants of struck vehicles (not at-fault) were more likely to be severely injured than the striking (at-fault) vehicles in rear-end crashes. License type and vehicle type also influenced the frequency and severity of rear-end crashes. Conclusion Rear-end crashes can be unjust in that the not-at-fault party is typically more severely injured. Results from the current study suggest that keeping speed limits no higher than 50 km/h could help reduce the severity of rear-end crashes. Increased enforcement of safe following distances could also assist in preventing road trauma as a result of rear-end crashes.