Truck Container Research Articles

Theoretical foundations for designing a digital container freight road transportation system

The article reveals the principles of the scientific approach to the study of the system of freight road container transportation, as a subsystem of the freight road transport industry. The system of automobile container transportation has a complex structure consisting of external and internal relations, which are influenced by the factors of the external and internal environment that determine the information state of the study. The information description of the truck container transportation system should contain information about the requirements for the parametric characteristics of the system, as well as about their functional properties and the presence of errors and patterns of their formation. This data should be formalized during the system study based on system analysis methods. Keywords: container road transportation, complex system, optimization algorithm, multi-criteria problem, entropy

Managing the Congestion for Delivering and Receiving Truck Container at the Tanjung Priok Terminal by Analyzing the Congestion at Koja Container Terminal

This study aimed to analyze the congestion that occurred around the Koja Container Terminal to develop strategies that will aid in managing the congestion presently occurring at the Tanjung Priok Container Terminal. Dwelling time, ship delay, gate server down, equipment damage, and lack of support for the truck arrival system were some causes of congestion in the Tanjung Priok area. There was an improvement in the truck arrival system (TAS) and Chassis Exchange Terminal (CET). Analyzing the inefficiency in managing the arrival of trucks for container pickup is the strategy needed for controlling congestion. This research was conducted by observing the field movements at the Koja Container Terminal and interviewing the people who experienced congestion in the terminal. This methodology was proposed to aid in efficiently operating the Tanjung Priok Port and alleviate truck congestion. Because it provides systematic, structured, and problem-solving benefits, this study is expected to be a source of consideration for stakeholders when making decisions. The result of this study will help improve the management of congestion at Terminal Koja.
 Keywords: Managing Congestion, Delivering and Receiving, Truck Container, Terminal Container, Port

A typology of the collaboration willingness of carriers in hinterland logistics

PurposeA large part of maritime container supply chain costs is generated by carriers in port hinterland logistics. Carriers which operate in the hinterland are under pressure to reduce costs and increase profitability, and they face challenges of fierce price competition. This study aims to explore how collaboration is perceived and implemented by carriers in truck container logistics in the port hinterland as a way to tackle these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a qualitative multiple case study approach. Qualitative interviews with carriers in the port hinterland of Hamburg, Germany, were conducted and analyzed using grounded theory.FindingsThe study reveals two collaboration types in the hinterland, based on the different carriers' interpretation of market conditions as changeable or as given, driving their collaboration mindsets and strategic actions: The developer, who has a proactive collaboration mindset and practices strategic maneuvers toward changing poor market conditions through collaboration, and the adapter, who has a defensive collaboration mindset and perceives market conditions as given and constraining collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThe qualitative results will help researchers better understand how collaboration practices depend on the carriers' subjective interpretations and perceptions of the market.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, managers of carriers gain an understanding of the different types of actors in their market and the relevance of acknowledging these types. Consequently, they can design appropriate strategic measures toward collaboration.Originality/valueThe findings for the first time provide exploratory insights of carriers' mindsets.

Safety analysis of hydrogen leakage accident with a mobile hydrogen refueling station

The operation of mobile hydrogen refueling stations will be popular for hydrogen energy supply in the future, and the investigation includes the hydrogen diffusion behavior of hydrogen leakage and the potential risk of explosion is pivotal to commercializing the mobile hydrogen refueling station. The dispersion of hydrogen leakage and the minimum safe distance of explosion of the mobile hydrogen refueling station are studied by simulation. The 3D full-scale geometry is established. Experimental data verifies the numerical models. The effects of the ventilation scenarios of the truck container and the ambient wind (wind speeds and wind directions) on hydrogen volume and diffusion distance are analyzed. By calculating the severe working conditions results, the hydrogen volume in the open space and the hydrogen concentration in the four 3-way corners of the ceiling in the truck container are obtained. Finally, the overpressure caused by hydrogen explosion is evaluated, and the minimum safe distance under different damage effects is predicted. The obtained results reveal that the conditions included that the side door and side window are open, low ambient wind speed, and wind direction from front to rear of the mobile hydrogen refueling station increase the risk of hydrogen leakage and diffusion. Based on severe working conditions, the average hydrogen volume is 87.9 m3 in the air in stable status. In the case of a hydrogen explosion, the minimum safe distance is 313.2 m. The investigation provided a valuable reference for evaluating and preventing hydrogen leakage accidents of the mobile hydrogen refueling station.

Numerical investigation of the dispersion features of hydrogen gas under various leakage source conditions in a mobile hydrogen refueling station

The leakage and dispersion of hydrogen gas in a mobile hydrogen refueling station is being numerically investigated in this paper. The investigated geometry is derived from the mobile hydrogen refueling station in China. The numerical models are verified by experimental data. The hydrogen gas leaks from the hydrogen buffer tank in the form of momentum-dominated jet. The combustible danger region, the hydrogen concentration distribution, and the volume of hydrogen gas cloud are investigated. The effects of leakage positions and leakage flow rates on the characteristics and evolution of hydrogen diffusion in the mobile hydrogen refueling station and the open space are analyzed. The results show that the hydrogen concentration in the 3-way corner of the ceiling opposite the leakage orifice first reaches 0.4% and 4%. When the leakage orifice faces the sidewall of the truck container, the liquid hydrogen storage is completely surrounded by hydrogen gas clouds in the flammability limit. The maximum diffusion height of hydrogen at the lower flammable limit increased as the leakage flow rate increased, and the volume of hydrogen in the flammability limit increased virtually exponentially in the open space. The research findings provide a significant reference for potential explosion and risk assessment studies of mobile hydrogen refueling station.

Modeling landside container terminal queues: Exact analysis and approximations

With the growth of ocean transport and with increasing vessel sizes, managing congestion at the landside of container terminals has become a major challenge. The landside of a sea terminal handles containers that arrive or depart via train or truck. Large sea terminals have to handle thousands of trucks and dozens of trains per day. As trains run on fixed schedule, their containers are prioritized in stacking and internal transport handling. This has consequences for the service of external trucks, which might be subject to delays. We analyze the impact of prioritization on such delays using a stochastic stylized semi-open queuing network model with bulk arrivals (of containers on trains), shared stack crane resources, and multi-class containers. We use the theory of regenerative processes and Markov chain analysis to analyze the network. The proposed network solution algorithm works for large-scale systems and yields sufficiently accurate estimates for performance measurement. The model can capture priority service for containers at the shared stack cranes, while preserving strict handling priorities. The model is used to explore the choice of different internal transport vehicles (with coupled versus decoupled operations at the stack and train gantry cranes) to understand the effect on delays. Our results show that decoupled transport vehicles in comparison to coupled vehicles can mitigate the external truck container handling delays at shared stack cranes by a large extent (up to 12%). However, decoupled vehicles marginally increase the train container handling delays at shared stack cranes (up to 6%). When train arrival rates are low, prioritizing the handling of train containers at the stack cranes significantly reduces their delays. Further, such prioritization hardly delays external truck containers.

Discourses of Truck Container Signs in Indonesia

This article attempts to analyze truck container sign discourses found in Indonesia from three perspectives: linguistics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Using data collected from google search and one from my data collection, through careful observation and contextual method, it is found that structurally the truck signs can be constructed in the forms of single sentence discourse and multi-sentence discourse of a maximum of 9 sentences. The language style used is informal or colloquial, characterized by massive code-mixing among three out of four languages, i.e. Indonesian, Javanese, English, and Sundanese. The discourses are exploited to perform various kinds of speech acts in varieties of strategies and to carry out many communicative functions: emotive, conative, referential, phatic, metalingual, poetic, and recreative.

Solving a hybrid mixed fleet heterogeneous dial-a-ride problem in delay-sensitive container transportation

The intensity of local truck container transport results from the ubiquitous development of container shipping. Optimal routing of container trucks contributes to cost savings of the service provider but also the reduction of traffic and detrimental emissions. In this paper, a variant of a Mixed Fleet Heterogeneous Dial-a-Ride Problem is proposed for a container truck routing problem. Our aim is an optimal routing of trucks carrying full and empty 20-foot and 40-foot containers, with multiple pick-ups and deliveries. Transportation is performed by alternatively fuelled vehicles (AFVs) for environmental reasons. The AFVs have a limited driving range and are allowed to refuel in any alternative fuel station. The main objective is minimising the total distance subject to matching the empty container demand and supply, necessary refuelling of the trucks, and service time windows.

Sistem Informasi Cargo Documentation Gudang Finished Goods Divisi Wafer PT.Mayora Indah Tbk

PT. Mayora Indah Tbk is a company engaged in the industry that produces food and beverage products, warehouse wafer division which is one of the places to store, or arrange stock of goods from the production, or activities for the management of incoming and outgoing goods needed control in its movement activities. The current process on the documentation of goods cargo often occurs input errors no. police or truck containers, the use of mobile phone memory storage for photo files, convoluted processes, prone to loss of photo evidence files, difficulty finding data evidence files if there are complaints from the expedition, as well as on employees checkers and helpers do not know the history of the data report. Therefore, a web-based application system is needed to facilitate the search of photo data if there are complaints from the expedition, neat and regular storage of photo data, and for all employees to know the history and report of the photo data. To build this application using data collection methods namely observation, interviews and library studies, analysis methods using PIECES, system design using UML (Unified Modeling Language), and testing using Black Box Testing, while the programming language used is PHP with sublime text editor, as well as for databases using MySQL. With this system for the photo documentation process facilitates the ongoing process, and the management of data reports more regularly.

Design and Development of a Tracked Robot to Increase Bulk Density of Flax Fibers

Abstract This article presents an integrated mechanics study for the design and the development of a service tracked robot able to move inside a truck container and roll over flax raw material by compressing it to increase its overall bulk density. A series of flax material properties have been used to properly characterize the robot’s locomotion parameters and to obtain an optimal ground pressure and a correct floating capacity over the material. First, the performance of the proposed robot is evaluated in an emulated container. Then, results acquired during compression tests in a real scenario are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed robot for industrial applications.

Preserving the quality of agricultural products via the photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene in a spiral-type reactor

The photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene in a spiral-type reactor was investigated to develop a method for preserving the quality of agricultural products. Ethylene was injected or discharged from an apple into a 0.016 m3 closed container and was photocatalytically decomposed in the reactor at 25 °C. The results indicated that ethylene was decomposed and became undetectable (the amount of ethylene was lower than the detection limit of 40 ppb), which is useful for preserving the quality of agricultural products over long periods of time. For the demonstration experiment, we placed an apple, a persimmon, a cucumber, a cabos (Citrus sphaerocarpa), and a banana in a 0.117 m3 closed container at 25 °C. When the air inside the container was not photocatalytically treated, the concentration of ethylene increased up to 2.7 ppm. This lowered the quality of the persimmon, cucumber, and apple significantly. In contrast, when the air inside the container was photocatalytically treated, they remained fresh for at least nine days. Methane was simultaneously generated as a byproduct. It was hypothesized that methane was the product of the photocatalytic decomposition of some unknown chemical compound released from the analyzed agricultural products; however, we were unable to identify the chemical compound. Computer simulations using experimentally determined parameter values suggested that the decomposition of ethylene begins before or as soon as agricultural products are stored in closed rooms, such as truck containers. In conclusion, the photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene using a spiral-type reactor is effective for preserving the quality of agricultural products.

Autonomous Identification and Positioning of Trucks during Collaborative Forage Harvesting.

In the process of collaborative operation, the unloading automation of the forage harvester is of great significance to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor intensity. However, non-standard transport trucks and unstructured field environments make it extremely difficult to identify and properly position loading containers. In this paper, a global model with three coordinate systems is established to describe a collaborative harvesting system. Then, a method based on depth perception is proposed to dynamically identify and position the truck container, including data preprocessing, point cloud pose transformation based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, segmentation and projection of the upper edge, edge lines extraction and corner points positioning based on the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, and fusion and visualization of results on the depth image. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by field experiments with different trucks. The results demonstrated that the identification accuracy of the container region is about 90%, and the absolute error of center point positioning is less than 100 mm. The proposed method is robust to containers with different appearances and provided a methodological reference for dynamic identification and positioning of containers in forage harvesting.

Poetic Function of Truck Container Signs in Indonesia

In the pursuit of life comfort, human beings will never stop to do various ways with everything close to their surrounding, and language as the primary means of communication is one of tools used to realize this purpose. For the sake of fulfilling, their aesthetic need, human beings often exploit their linguistic ability to produce aesthetic discourses. This paper will try to analyse the poetic functions truck container signs passed over roads in Indonesia. In order to create aesthetic signs, the creators massively exploit various types of rhyming formulas, metaphors, similes, contradictions, hyperboles, literary style diction. AbstrakDalam upaya menemukan kenyamanan hidupnya, manusia tidak akan pernah berhenti melakukan berbagai hal terhadap segala sesuatu yang dekat dengan lingkungan hidupnya, termasuk terhadap bahasa yang merupakan alat komunikasi verbal yang paling utama. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan estetis ini, mereka sering memanfaatkan kemampuan berbahasanya untuk memproduksi wacana-wacana yang estetis. Makalah ini akan berusaha menganalisis fungsi poetik wacana tulisan di bak-bak truk yang melintas di jalan raya seluruh Indonesia. Dalam usaha menciptakan wacana yang estetis, para penciptanya secara masif memanfaatkan formula-formula berirama, metafora, simile, kontradiksi, hiperbola, kata-kata ragam sastra.

Effect of Service Priority and Resource Synchronization Choices on Landside Terminal Queues: Exact Analysis and Approximations

With the growth of ocean transport and with increasing vessel sizes, managing congestion at the landside of container terminals has become a major challenge. A terminal landside handles containers that arrive or depart via train or truck. Large terminals have to handle thousands of trucks and dozens of trains per day. As trains run on fixed schedule, their containers are prioritized in stacking and internal transport handling. This has consequences for the service of other modes, which might be subject to delays. We analyze the dynamic interactions between the landside resources using a stochastic stylized semi-open queuing network model with bulk arrivals, shared resources, and multi-class containers. We use the theory of regenerative processes and Markov chain analysis to analyze the network. The proposed network solution algorithm works for large-scale systems and yields sufficiently accurate estimates for performance measurement. The model can capture priority service for containers at shared resources (such as stack cranes), while preserving strict handling priorities. The model is used to explore the choice of different internal transport vehicles (coupled versus decoupled operations at stack and train gantry cranes) to understand the effect on delays. Our results show that decoupled transport resources can mitigate both the delays of containers that arrive by trucks and by trains. When train arrival rates are low, prioritizing the handling of train containers at the stack cranes significantly reduces their delays. Further, this priority has little effect on the delays of handling external truck containers.

Work Safety Risk Assessment at Container Load Unloading Jobs at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Palembang Branch 2017

Loading and unloading of container goods is carried out using cranes and truck containers as a means of transportation besides facilitating activities, which can also lead to the risk of workplace accidents. In 2014 there was a work accident in Kuningan Jakarta, workers were crushed by a container during the loading and unloading process. Container loading and unloading is a routine activity carried out at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Palembang Branch. This activity involves tools that can cause accidents such as being hit by a container and hit by a truck head, therefore a risk assessment is carried out on container loading and unloading work. The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational safety risk assessments on container loading and unloading work. This study uses a qualitative research design, using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) for the risk identification process, the US / NZ 4360: 1999 semi-quantitative risk assessment table for risk analysis and semi-quantitative risk level Cross (1988) for risk evaluation. The results of the study indicate that container loading and unloading work consists of the preparation stage, the operation phase of the QCC and the stage of moving containers. The risks identified based on the stage of work are overtaken by containers, falling from heights, collisions between head trucks, falling lifts, hit by a lock lock, getting hit by a truck head, falling into the river, collisions between QCCs and electric shock. The hazards included in the acceptable risk category include being crushed by repair equipment, hands pinched, tripping, slipping lubricants and head banging. The suggestion of this research is that all activities in the field should be carried out in accordance with the applicable regulations and supervision should be carried out more specifically in the use of PPE and conduct periodic health checks on workers. © 2020, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.

PROBABILITY MODAL TRANSFER TO THE FORWARDER AT TERMINAL LAMONG BAY SURABAYA

Currently the mobilization of freight transport from Surabaya to Jakarta or otherwise served by three types of modes transport, including truck, train, and marine vessels. But the majority of the freight transport cargo in the corridor Surabaya – Jakarta is served by trucking so that the impact on the capacity of roads and road load increases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the probability EMKL service manager / Forwarder to switch modes from container truck to railway mode container. The methods used to analyze the research data is a binary logistic regression. The results of these studies indicate that the travel time during the 3-day trip by truck containers will potentially probability modal transfer containers from trucks to rail containers reached 87.49%, and the more need for the use of container sizes of 20 ft. at a cost of Rp. 2,500,000 will potentially modal transfer containers from trucks to rail container by 82.34%, more than the container size of 40 ft. at a cost of Rp. 4,000,000 by 50%.

Assessment of turkey vehicle container microclimate on transit during summer season conditions.

This study evaluated the formed microclimate commercial truck transport practices effects on the turkeys' welfare by measuring Dead on Arrival (DOA) index and pale, soft, and exudative (PSE-like) meat occurrence. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a 6 × 2 factorial arrangements (two truck container compartments × six water shower groups) with birds positioned at superior front (SF), inferior front (IF), superior middle (SM), inferior middle (IM), superior rear (SR), and inferior rear (IR) and two bath treatments: with water shower (WiS) and without water shower (WoS) with eight replications for each treatment. The animals were transported for 95min' journey from the farm to the slaughterhouse under hot-humidity conditions. The results shown herein indicated the formation of a thermal core at the inferior middle and rear truck container regions, because the heat produced by the birds and the influence of developed microclimate consisting of temperature, relative humidity, and air ventilation. The IM and IR container compartments under the WoS treatment presented the highest (P < 0.01) numbers of PSE-like meat incidence and DOA index values compared with those located at the front under WiS treatment as the consequence of the altered to birds unbearable conditions within the container microclimate in transit. The formed microclimate during the commercial transport practices under hot-humidity conditions affected the bird's welfare consequently turkey meat qualities.

Swiss Split—a holistic approach to the distribution of containers to private sidings

Swiss Split is a rail service in Switzerland which distributes containers via conventional shunting yards directly from intermodal terminals to the final recipients’ sidings by rail. Today’s Swiss Split service is quite successful, but it still has several weaknesses that reduce its competitiveness compared to container distribution by truck. Thus, the two main research questions were: Which feasible improvements for container distribution by rail can be determined? In how far do these improvements increase the competitiveness of container distribution by rail compared to container distribution by truck? The research bases on previous analyses regarding the weaknesses of container distribution by rail in Switzerland. For each of the identified weaknesses, suitable improvements were developed. The effects of these improvements were supposed to have an impact on the efficiency and the quality of the services. The improvements were then assessed by applying a cost model for rail freight and truck transportation. For this purpose, today’s Swiss Split was modelled in a base case and the input data for the cost model (e.g., round trips per day for wagons, routing for the transports, train length and train utilisation) were changed according to the estimated effects of the improvements. To finally estimate the impact of the improvements on the SWL production schemes, an agent based simulation for SWL was developed and applied. The analysis of today’s Swiss Split distribution by rail showed weaknesses in the fields of rolling stock, transhipment terminal structures and the production schemes for SWL. Thus, a new container wagon has been developed to serve the sidings. The terminal structure has been improved by a new gateway terminal. The production schemes for SWL have been improved by applying a train-coupling-and-sharing network structure and an improved schedule structure for SWL trains. An agent based simulation software for rail freight has been developed to assess the improvements in the production scheme. At last, the new business model for Swiss Split has led to an integration of transhipment processes and rail distribution. In sum all of these measures have resulted in significant cost reductions for the container distribution by rail. The breakeven distance for Swiss Split compared to truck container distribution has been decreased from 140 to 70 km. Hence, using SWL for final distribution has proofed to be competitive to trucking even for rather short distances. This shows that rail freight can be competitive compared to road transportation if a holistic approach which tackles all weaknesses of the existing services is applied.

Intelligent management of seaside logistic operations at maritime container terminals

Intelligent management of seaside logistic operations at maritime container terminals

Numerical Analysis of Fluid Motion Inside Partially Filled Container Which is Moving in Unsteady Way

Abstract The paper describes the behavior of the liquid in a container that moves with a constant speed along a track consisting of three arcs. Such a complicated track shape generates complex form of inertia forces acting on the liquid and generates the sloshing effect. The behavior of the tank container vehicle is affected by the time-dependent inertia forces associated with the transient sloshing motion of the liquid in the non-inertial frame. These internal excitations, acting on a tank construction, can cause a loss of stability of the vehicle. For that reason, the authors analyze the dynamic loads acting on the walls of the tank truck container. The variation of the position of the liquid cargo gravity center, that depends on the filling level of the container, is also analyzed. The simulations were performed according to the varying fill level, which was 20%, 50% and 80% of a liquid in the whole tank volume. The simulations were carried out for a one-compartment container. Another aim of this study was the investigation of the influence of container division (tank with one, two and three compartments) on behavior of the liquid. These simulations considered only the half-filled container which was treated as a dangerous configuration prohibited by the law regulations for one-compartment tank. The results of simulation are presented in the form of visualization of temporary liquid free surface shape, variation of forces and moments, as well as frequency analysis. The results of simulation were analyzed, and some general conclusion were derived, providing the material for future investigation and modifications of the law regulations.