Troy University Research Articles

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2U bankruptcy and online learning Massachusetts Makes Community College Free Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion offices close at Troy University and Alabama State The question remains: is college a “waste of time and money?” Georgia allows preexisting AP credit course in African American studies

OCR: university discriminated against pregnant student

Case name: Letter re: Troy University, No. 04‐21‐2060 (OCR 01/26/23).

OCR: university discriminated against pregnant student

Case name: Letter re: Troy University, No. 04‐21‐2060 (OCR 01/26/23).

Judge rules in favor of rejected applicant

Case name: Helmuth v. Troy University, No. 2:19‐cv‐601 (N.D. Ala. 03/19/21).

Judge rules in favor of rejected applicant

Case name: Helmuth v. Troy University, No. 2:19‐cv‐601 (N.D. Ala. 03/19/21).

Judge rules in favor of rejected applicant

Case name: Helmuth v. Troy University, No. 2:19‐cv‐601 (N.D. Ala. 03/19/21).

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022—MEMBERSHIP DUES

$30 Full membership$25 Student and Retiree MembershipMembership includes the annual The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review, published by Penn State University Press, and the annual F. Scott Fitzgerald Society Newsletter, discounts on special offers, and correspondence with news of Society’s activities, including conferences.If you have questions about your membership, contact Kirk Curnutt at kirk.curnutt@gmail.com.Please indicate to which address you wish mail to be sent.Name: _________________________________________________________Address: _______________________________________________________Phone: _________________________________________________________Affiliation: ______________________________________________________E-Mail: _______________________ Fax No: __________________________The John Kuehl Fellowship Fund helps graduate students pay travel expenses to participate in Fitzgerald conferences. If you would like to contribute, please make your check out to the F. Scott Fitzgerald Society, John Kuehl Fellowship Fund and send to Prof. Kirk Curnutt, English Dept., Troy University, 274 Smith Hall, Troy AL 36082.Season Two Featuring Recent Episodes on “The Four Fists,” “Crazy Sunday,” “The Fiend,” “He Thinks He’s Wonderful,”—with more to come every three weeks in 2022!In 1929 F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote Ernest Hemingway that because his short stories now earned $4000 a pop he was “an old whore” who had “mastered the 40 positions” when “in her youth one was enough.” But were the upwards of 180 stories he cranked out when not writing The Great Gatsby really the work of a literary prostitute selling out his talent for a fast buck? Kirk Curnutt and Robert Trogdon don’t think so. Each episode they draw a random title from a hat and explore its place in Fitzgerald’s career, in the magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post or Esquire where it may have appeared, and in the overall development of the American short story. Along the way, they talk literary politics, history, and gossip from the 1920s and 1930s, rediscovering the lively personalities and rivalries that tried to define the porous boundaries between commercial and artistic fiction, between the popular and the avant-garde, between the forgotten and the canonized.

Awareness, Commitment, and Attitude Toward Breastfeeding in Pregnant Women

To assess the benefits of 1-hour classes that focus on breastfeeding education, information, and demonstrations of appropriate breastfeeding techniques through presentations, visual aids, and question-and-answer sessions at two federally qualified community health centers in coastal Georgia. This project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Troy University. This project will measure the effect of prenatal breastfeeding education on breastfeeding rates, knowledge, awareness, and attitudes among pregnant women ages 19 to 45 years who are in their third semester at community prenatal clinics. The level of evidence for this quasi-experimental pretest–posttest research design is 2. Pender’s health promotion model served as the guiding conceptual framework for this study. Through the use of flyers, a convenience sample consisting of 52 pregnant women, ages 19–45 years and 34–36 weeks gestation, was recruited from two federally qualified, nonprofit community health clinics in a coastal Georgian city. The intervention spanned 4 weeks, consisting of weekly 1-hour classes of breastfeeding education, informational sessions by a certified lactation counselor, demonstrations of appropriate breastfeeding techniques, presentations, visual aids, and question-and-answer sessions. Data were collected using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) with Cronbach alpha scores of .85 to .86. Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences in intent to breastfeed and breastfeeding initiation after delivery. Forty participants initiated breastfeeding postintervention, 10 of whom had planned to formula feed in preintervention. Descriptive statistics indicated increased knowledge of breastfeeding; participants who disagreed or strongly disagreed to the statement, “Breast milk is lacking in iron,” increased from preintervention to postintervention by greater than 30%. The paired t test revealed statistically significant differences in the attitude toward breastfeeding between preintervention and postintervention time periods, indicating an increased positive attitude overall toward breastfeeding. Findings of this study are consistent with research demonstrating benefits of educational interventions on breastfeeding rates, knowledge, and attitude toward breastfeeding. Community prenatal clinics should implement prenatal breastfeeding education to enhance awareness, positive commitment, and attitudes among pregnant women. Evidence-based findings in this project can change practice to sustain, improve, and strengthen health care systems in the global market.

The Senkaku paradox: risking Great Power war over small stakes

The Senkaku paradox: risking Great Power war over small stakes The Senkaku paradox: risking Great Power war over small stakes. By Michael E O'Hanlon. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2019. 258pp. Index. Pb.: £16.30. Isbn978 0 81573 689 9. Available as e-book. Joel Campbell Joel Campbell Troy University, Global Campus, Japan–Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 96, Issue 3, May 2020, Pages 842–844, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa075 Published: 01 May 2020 Article history Accepted: 22 April 2020 Published: 01 May 2020

Increasing Undergraduate Psychology Major’s Workforce Readiness Through Courses in Applied Behavior Analysis

The American Psychological Association’s 2013 guidelines recommend that psychology undergraduate programs make workforce preparation a central feature in undergraduate psychology programs. The addition of courses in applied behavior analysis (ABA) is one method to provide students with the skills and credentials necessary to enter a psychology-related career immediately after graduation. The number of university programs offering coursework in ABA is increasing in tandem with the explosive growth in job opportunities for behavior analysts at both the master’s and bachelor’s level. We describe Troy University’s course sequence in ABA and present some possible challenges for adding coursework in ABA. It is our hope that this article will engender lively intradepartmental discussion about adding courses in ABA to a psychology undergraduate curriculum.

Hemingway in the Digital Age: Reflections on Teaching, Reading, and Understanding ed. by Laura Godfrey (review)

Reviewed by: Hemingway in the Digital Age: Reflections on Teaching, Reading, and Understanding ed. by Laura Godfrey Wayne Catan Laura Godfrey, ed. Hemingway in the Digital Age: Reflections on Teaching, Reading, and Understanding. Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 2019. 232 p. In this new Teaching Hemingway title, Laura Godfrey of North Idaho College selects essays from top Hemingway scholars who recommend best practices to teach Ernest Hemingway in the digital age. In "Virtual Papa," Lisa Tyler of Sinclair Community College discusses an artful way to conduct online research. First, she warns teachers that in the nascent stages of research students will, most likely, punch up facts that are already known, such as his fishing and hunting prowess, his family's mental health issues, and myriad plays, exhibits, and festivals that take place annually. Tyler points out that this information does not focus on the literary Hemingway. To get to know the literary Hemingway, she suggests several newspaper archives including the Kansas City Star and Toronto Star because both papers: "ransacked their archives and published online every article they could find that Hemingway wrote during his tenure at their organizations" (17). George Plimpton's 1958 The Paris Review interview and Lillian [End Page 213] Ross's 1950 New Yorker article are available online too, providing a glimpse into Hemingway as a writer and as a person. Additionally, Tyler recommends the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library website and The Michigan Hemingway Society site, where students can secure information about his fiction set in Michigan. Michael K. Steinberg and Jordan Cissell discuss their environmental literature class at the University of Alabama in "Beyond the Photographs." When students are asked to "describe the first image of Ernest Hemingway that comes to mind" (22) the answer is most often associated with a picture of Hemingway standing next to a large fish. Interestingly, their students use these photos for research. In fact, they measure the fish and compare them to the size of fish caught today. Students learn that fishing in the 1930s was much different than it is now. For instance, "The size and number of fish Hemingway caught are largely unheard of today in the same waters" (24), and billfish population has drastically declined. The authors do caution that "we cannot and should not suggest that students make quantitative statements about the declines in fish sizes and populations based on a limited number of photographs. However, the photographs can at least demonstrate what existed during Hemingway's Cuban years, illuminating their drastic decline in both size and number" (25). The essay also highlights that Hemingway was not simply a "meat" fisherman – someone who catches and kills large fish for entertainment; he was "cognizant of the pressure that both early sport and commercial fishing were having on certain species" (28). Hemingway was a founding member of the International Game Fish Association and collaborated with scientists from the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Because of his knowledge, experience, and love of fishing and the ocean, he was able to write realistically about it. Hemingway scholar Kirk Curnutt, English professor and chair at Troy University, writes about the benefits of using memes and photos as a teaching tool to enliven the classroom in "A Memeable Feast." Curnutt recommends pictures of Hemingway pointing his Tommy gun into the camera lens, and images of Hemingway fan tattoos, which display "how fans publicize their literary passions" (36). This – especially the photo with the Tommy gun – "help[s] break the ice in classrooms by humanizing the author's image" (35). The bottom line for Curnutt is that it is important to be engaging, so do what you have to do to connect with students. He believes the educational value [End Page 214] of Hemingway memes – especially the ones with quotations – are central to Hemingway studies because they demonstrate a basic trait of modernism, and that is they are "reinventing literary expression through experimentation … in other words [they] MAKE IT NEW" (41). Rebecca Johnston, co-vice president of the Florida Hemingway Society, discusses the benefits of using Google Maps and Google Earth to better understand the setting in Hemingway's works. Here's why: although he included autobiographical elements in his...

Kinorhynch communities on the Louisiana continental shelf

Kinorhynchs are microscopic invertebrates that are part of the meiofaunal community. Their diversity and distribution has been relatively unstudied in the Gulf of Mexico until the past few years. Past studies from Troy University have reported 32 species of kinorhynchs in the Gulf, from Texas to Florida. This study reports a re-sampling effort which focused on the Louisiana shelf, in an attempt to further understand the relationships between the shelf sediment and the kinorhynch diversity. For this work, sediment was sampled at 16 locations in 2015 using a multicorer. Kinorhynchs were isolated using centrifugation. Animal densities ranged from <1–33/10 cm2, with an average of 12 animals/10 cm2. A total of 345 animals were identified to the species level. Echinoderes bookhouti was the most abundant animal, which along with E. augustae, E. spinifurca, E. skipperae, and Leiocanthus cf. L. langi accounted for almost all the identifications. Additionally, we report four new species records for the Gulf of Mexico: Pycnophyes alexandroi, P. norenburgi,Antygomonas paulae, and Leiocanthus cf. L. corrugatus. These data reveal a multi-year trend with regard to dominant kinorhynch species within the Gulf of Mexico, and support an earlier study of Gulf kinorhynchs from 2013–2014. Multivariate analysis revealed that sediment locations with higher densities of kinorhynchs associated with higher levels of organic matter, and sediment locations with low densities associated with sandy sediment.

Teaching Elementary Children with Autism

Teachers’ perception of self-efficacy may have a significant impact on their ability to accept the challenges inherent in including children with autism in their classrooms. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used to identify perceived challenges and needs of 31 graduate students in a university course of which 14 of the 23 students were actively teaching in rural schools located in southeast Alabama. Five faculty members used the resulting NGT data to draft six recommendations for improving the teacher preparation program at Troy University.

Judge rules innocuous incident can't support retaliation lawsuit

Case name: Farmer v. Troy University, No. 5:17‐CV‐70 (E.D. N.C. 08/21/17).

How are professionals recruited by external agents in misconduct projects? The infiltration of organized crime in a university

Private firms, crime organizations or states may successfully recruit professionals in misconduct projects. How they do so remains, however, under-investigated. Past studies mostly take professionals’ perspective, or limit the organizational initiative of external agents to perverse incentives and threats. Our study shows instead how external agents may penetrate governance bodies and professional events to recruit and control professionals, who are both aware of and reluctant toward misconduct. Our longitudinal case study used judicial and non-judicial sources to analyse how a mafia clan infiltrated Troy University, and controlled the trade of exams and admissions for decades. The clan selected Troy University because of the presence of professors pre-disposed toward misconduct. The clan infiltrated the pre-disposed professors inside governance bodies and students inside academic events to recruit the reluctant professors with peer pressures, situated threats and administrative controls. It then exploited a generalized code of silence to control professionals for years. Overall, the study highlights the combination of perverse and pervasive mechanisms to recruit professionals; the role of corrupt professionals as linchpin between external agents and reluctant peers; and the perverse exploitation of normal professional practices of autonomy, trusteeship and multiple embeddedness.

Evaluating Quality in Fully Online U.S. University Courses: A Comparison of University of Maryland University College and Troy University

A key component of quality assurance in online higher education is the periodic evaluation of fully online courses, by both internal and external reviewers, against standards developed by the offering institution. These standards can address a variety of quality areas including but not limited to: the organization and structure of the online course; the extent to which technology is used to foster learning and student engagement; and the use of available communication features to stimulate student discussion and interaction. In this paper the online evaluation processes and criteria of the two largest U.S. state universities involved in online education – University of Maryland University College and Troy University – are compared. It will be shown that the two institutions arrived independently at very similar quality standards for online courses, and that these standards are congruent with those developed and promulgated by nationwide higher education accreditation agencies in the U.S.

Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy

Book Review| April 01 2018 Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy. By Hidetaka Hirota. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 301 pp. Figures, appendices, notes, bibliography, and index. $35 (cloth). Luke Ritter Luke Ritter Troy University Luke Ritter is a lecturer in history at Troy University and the author of several scholarly articles on nineteenth-century immigration, nativism, and religion. He is currently preparing a book manuscript on the origins of American nativism in the antebellum West. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2018) 37 (3): 116–117. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.37.3.0116 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Luke Ritter; Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2018; 37 (3): 116–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.37.3.0116 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2018 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Judge rules innocuous incident can't support retaliation suit

Case name: Farmer v. Troy University, No. 5:17‐CV‐70 (E.D. N.C. 08/21/17).

Judge rules innocuous incident can't support retaliation suit

Case name: Farmer v. Troy University, No. 5:17‐CV‐70 (E.D. N.C. 08/21/17).

Judge rules innocuous incident can't support retaliation suit

Case name: Farmer v. Troy University, No. 5:17‐CV‐70 (E.D. N.C. 08/21/17).