Triple Row Research Articles

Agronomical interventions for enhancing seed size tubers in potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety kufri khyati

The present experiment was conducted during 2020–21, 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Regional Station, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the best spacing combination and dehaulming time for enhancing the seed size potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and profitability under north-central plains of India. Experiment was conducted in a split-plot design (SPD) comprised of 5 spacing combinations, viz. S1, Ridge and furrow 60 cm × 20 cm (Control); S2, Ridge and furrow 60 cm × 15 cm; S3, Flatbed paired row 90 cm bed width (two rows at 40 cm × 20 cm plant to plant spacing); S4, Flatbed paired row 90 cm bed width (two rows at 40 cm × 15 cm plant to plant spacing); and S5, Flatbed triple row 90 cm bed width (three rows at 20 cm × 20 cm plant to plant spacing) in main plot and 2 haulm killing dates, viz. 70 and 80 days after planting in sub plots. The treatment S5, Flatbed triple row 90 cm bed width (three rows at 20 cm × 20 cm plant to plant spacing) spacing combination significantly increased the number and weight of seed size tubers, net seed size and total tuber yield when dehaulming was done after 80 days. The highest increase in seed size and total tubers over control reported when dehaulmed at 70 days. However, the treatment S3, Flatbed paired row 90 cm bed width (two rows at 40 cm × 20 cm plant to plant spacing) with 80 days haulm killing recorded highest seed size tuber 58.03% and benefit cost (B:C) ratio of 2.51:1 among all other treatment combinations. Though, treatment S3 i.e. flatbed paired row 90 cm bed width (two rows at 40 cm × 20 cm plant to plant spacing) with 80 days haulm killing combination require higher seed rate but can be an economically viable option for enhancing seed size tuber percent and B:C ratio.

A Modified Arthroscopic Triple-row Repair Technique for L-shaped Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears.

To compare the clinical outcomes of a modified arthroscopic triple-row (TR) repair technique with the suture bridge (SB) repair technique in treating L-shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears. Various surgical techniques for L-shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears have been reported, many of which aid in increasing the contact area and pressure of the rotator cuff. However, there is still debate over which technique yields superior results. From January 2017 to March 2020, 61 cases of L-shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears were included in this study. Of these, 34 cases underwent the modified arthroscopic triple-row repair technique, while 27 cases were addressed with the suture bridge repair technique. Functional assessment was conducted using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, the Constant score (CS), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessments for rotator cuff healing were performed at the 24-month postoperative mark. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS for Windows (Version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), employing the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare preoperative and postoperative data and ROM differences, and the Mann-Whitney U test for statistical differences in clinical outcome scores between the two groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Comparative analysis of the preoperative and final follow-up scores revealed a substantial enhancement in shoulder function, as indicated by the ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). At both the preoperative stage and final follow-up, no notable differences were observed in ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores between the two groups. However, the TR repair group exhibited lower VAS scores than the SB group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Active range of motion (ROM) showed significant improvement in both groups. No significant differences in ROM were noted between the two groups either before the surgery or at the final follow-up. The study demonstrates that both the modified arthroscopic TR and SB techniques for L-shaped delaminated cuff tears yield satisfactory outcomes, with no significant differences in overall clinical performance. Notably, early postoperative pain management appears more effective with the modified TR technique, suggesting its potential for enhanced early recovery experiences. This technique's design, promoting securer fixation and optimal contact conditions, is implied to facilitate superior long-term healing, warranting further investigation into its long-term benefits.

Crown segmentation using Airborne Laser Scanning data in a silvopastoral system with Eucalyptus grandis

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) remote sensing holds immense potential for characterizing and measuring forest biomass, providing a valuable inventory tool for intensive silviculture to enhance forest management and planning. Accurate estimation of total height (Ht) and crown area (CA) is crucial to model and design silvopastoral systems. The main objective of this study was to estimate Ht and CA accurately using watershed segmentation algorithm in a triple-row silvopastoral system with Eucalyptus grandis, to compare these variables based on the position of the tree in the rows. Edge trees are the most prevalent in a triple row silvopastoral system, making it important to analyze and understand their structural differences from the trees in the interior. The study was conducted in a silvopastoral system in Reboledo, Florida, Uruguay (34° 1'15.16"S, 55° 39'13.75"W). The silvopastoral system consisted of triple rows of Eucalyptus grandis N-S oriented lined with natural pastures in 14-19 m alleys. ALS data was obtained from an area of 26 ha including two silvopastoral stands planted in 2012 (10 years) and 2019 (4 years). From the canopy height model (CHM) a Watershed segmentation algorithm was conducted to obtain individual tree segmentation, yielding Ht and CA of individual trees in both stands. Individual trees were manually classified by position in the triple row as Middle (M), External West (EW) and External East (EE). Our results show data of 1,627 individual trees in the 2019 stand and 1,405 trees in the 2012 stand, EW trees showed the highest CA in the 2019 stand with a 10% difference with M trees and a 9% with EE trees. The 2019 plot showed no significant difference in Ht. In the 2012 stand, EE trees showed the highest CA with a 22% difference from M trees and an 8% with EW, and EW trees showed a 15% higher CA than M tress in the 2012 stand. The 2012 plot showed a 1% significant average difference between Externals and Middle trees and no significant difference between EE and EW trees. Correlation between field data and ALS data in Ht showed R2=0.82, n=45 and p&lt;0.0001 in 2019 plot, and R2=0.67, n=18, and p&lt;0.0001 in the 2012 plot. Watershed segmentation algorithm in combination with ALS remote sensing demonstrated to be an efficient method to estimate CA and Ht in triple-row silvopastoral systems.

A new, darkwinged species of Pseudochironomus Malloch, 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Mexico and Costa Rica

A new species of Pseudochironomus Malloch, 1915 is described and figured as adult male and female based on material from Chiapas (Mexico) and Heredia (Costa Rica). Pseudochironomus seipi sp. n. can be distinguished from all other species of Pseudochironomus as it has two dark bands across the wing and a small tubercle in mid scutum; all other described species have wings without dark spots or bands, and they all lack scutal tubercle. It can also be separated from other Neotropical species by having 25–30 dorsocentrals in double to triple row; all other described Neotropical species have dorsocentrals in a single row. Including this new species, 10 Pseudochironomus species are described from the Neotropical Region.

Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy—Single-Center Initial Experience

(1) Background: Donor nephrectomy for living donor kidney transplantation using minimally invasive techniques is a safe procedure that has been used for more than 20 years with excellent results. The total laparoscopic approach offers decreased postoperative pain, less incisional morbidity, and a shorter recovery time. (2) Methods: We present the results of a series of 43 laparoscopic donor nephrectomies performed in a single center. The procedures were performed in a systematic approach with transperitoneal access using four ports. The main renal artery and vein were ligated using a linear stapler fixed with an alternate triple row of titanium staples. The specimen was extracted in an endoscopic bag through an additional incision. (3) Results: All procedures were performed laparoscopically without conversion to open surgery. The average warm ischemia time was 4.73 min. In all recipients, immediate kidney allograft function was observed. (4) Conclusions: Total laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is a safe procedure. It was performed successfully in all cases with a short surgical time, low morbidity, and 0% mortality.

English

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of maize intercropping with Eucalyptus urophylla at agroforestry system in two triple row distance (alleys) at different sampling distances and positions in relation to the eucalyptus external row (transect), and three positions in relation to the cardinal points: east side, west side and middle. Eucalyptus (E. urophylla) seedlings were planted with spacing of 1.5 m between plants and 3.0 m between rows (triple rows) and two triple row distances: 16.5 and 37.1 m apart, with the spatial exposure of the rows towards north and south, ranging from 888 to 464 plants ha-1. It was observed that treatments differed in relation to the number of ears ha-1 and grain yield in both seasons. In addition, in relation to the final plant density ha-1, in the 2014/2015 season, the maize at 4.2 m distance from eucalyptus at 16.5 m triple row distance had lower number of ears ha-1 and grain yield, and maize at 8.2 m from eucalyptus at 37.1 m triple row distance had greater number of ears and grain yield. The cardinal positions (W/E) in relation to the eucalyptus did not influence the agronomic characteristics of the maize. Key words: Cropping systems, integrated systems, Zea mays.

Influence of land leveling and planting pattern on productivity, water use efficiency and economic of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar)

This study was conducted at Engineering farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India, during winter 2016-17 using sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolar) to examine the effect of three land leveling (control or unleveled, conventional land leveling and leveling with laser guided land leveler) and three planting systems (ridge and furrow, double row bed planting and triple row bed planting). The laser guided land leveler significantly improved the growth attributes of sorghum as compared to the control whereas the growth attributes were recorded highest under double row bed planting. The highest yield attributes were recorded in laser guided land leveler. The best results of sorghum yield attributes were recorded under double row bed planting. In land leveling, laser guided land leveler significantly improved yield of sorghum (grain and fodder) as compared to control. Whereas, maximum sorghum yield was obtained under double row bed planting over rest planting system. The soil moisture distribution, water saving and water use efficiency were improved under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments. The highest gross return, net return and benefit: cost ratio were obtained under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments.

Influence of land leveling and planting pattern on productivity, water use efficiency and economic of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar)

This study was conducted at Engineering farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India, during winter 2016-17 using sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolar) to examine the effect of three land leveling (control or unleveled, conventional land leveling and leveling with laser guided land leveler) and three planting systems (ridge and furrow, double row bed planting and triple row bed planting). The laser guided land leveler significantly improved the growth attributes of sorghum as compared to the control whereas the growth attributes were recorded highest under double row bed planting. The highest yield attributes were recorded in laser guided land leveler. The best results of sorghum yield attributes were recorded under double row bed planting. In land leveling, laser guided land leveler significantly improved yield of sorghum (grain and fodder) as compared to control. Whereas, maximum sorghum yield was obtained under double row bed planting over rest planting system. The soil moisture distribution, water saving and water use efficiency were improved under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments. The highest gross return, net return and benefit: cost ratio were obtained under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments.

Spatial and temporal variation of photosynthetic photon flux density within agrivoltaic system in hot arid region of India

Ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) arrays of an agrivoltaic system (AVS) creates shade in the interspace areas as well as below PV areas of the AVS. Therefore, availability of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and daily light integral (DLI) in the AVS is negatively affected, which restricts optimum crop growth and yield. Therefore, in this study, spatial and temporal variation of PPFD and DLI in the AVS (105 kWp) developed at Jodhpur, India were quantified. Among three designs of PV arrays in the AVS, the proportion of shaded area in interspace was found highest in single row design and lowest in triple row design. The amount of PPFD varied widely in the AVS and even within the shaded area. Following semivariogram and kriging approach, spatial variation of PPFD and DLI was quantified within the AVS. Highest amount of PPFD was observed near noon in unshaded areas (1295 μmol m−2 s−1) whereas lowest amount was observed during morning at below PV array (24 μmol m−2 s−1). Based on the maps of PPFD and DLI, three distinct zones in the AVS were identified: (i) below PV array (DLI = 0–5 mol m−2 d−1), (ii) interspace area with partial shade (DLI = 5–20 mol m−2 d−1) and (iii) interspace areas with no shade (DLI = 20–30 mol m−2 d−1). Knowledge of spatial and temporal variation of PPFD and DLI may help in selection of suitable crops for the AVS.

Triple-Row Technique Confers a Lower Retear Rate Than Standard Suture Bridge Technique in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs

To compare the structural and clinical results between the knotless suture bridge (SB) and triple-row (TR) techniques. This study is a retrospective study and included 212 shoulders with repairable rotator cuff tears treated with the SB technique and 206 shoulders treated with the TR technique. In the TR technique, medial and lateral anchors were placed as they would be for the SB technique, with a middle row anchor added on the edge of footprint to reduce the torn tendons. All patients underwent primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and had magnetic resonance imaging 6 months postoperatively to evaluate for retear. Sugaya's classification was used to classify the retear pattern. The function of all patients preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively were assessed by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder index and the University of California at Los Angeles rating scale. According to Sugaya's classification, 24 (11.3%), 6 (2.8%), and 20 (9.4%) in SB-treated shoulders and 16 (7.8%), 12 (5.8%), and 8 (3.9%) in TR-treated shoulders, respectively had types 3, 4, and 5. There was a statistically significant greater type 5 retear in SB-treated shoulders (P= .038) than in TR-treated shoulders. The average clinical outcome scores at the final follow-up improved significantly relative to those before the surgeries in both groups. There were no statistical differences in the clinical outcome scores at the final follow-up between SB and TR groups. The use of the TR technique in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair resulted in a lower large-size retear rate when compared with the use of the SB technique. No clinical differences were noted in the outcomes between the 2 groups. Level III, therapeutic, retrospective cohort study.

Additive intercropping with peanut relay-planted between different patterns of rice rows increases yield of red rice in aerobic irrigation system

Rice yields under conventional techniques are very low without high doses of commercial fertilizer application, while intercropping with legumes can increase yields. This research aimed to examine the effect of relay-planting peanut between rice rows of different patterns on yield of red rice in aerobic irrigation systems, by conducting a field experiment designed according to Split Plot design with two treatment factors, i.e. intercropping as main plots (T0= without; T1= intercropping with peanuts), and rice row patterns as sub-plots (P1= normal or single-row; P2= double-row; P3= triple-row). In T1, one row of peanut was relay-planted (additive series) between single, double, or triple rows of red rice plants three weeks after seeding red rice on raised-beds. Results indicated that additive intercropping with peanut significantly increased clump size, dry straw weight, filled panicle number, panicle length, total biomass, filled grain number, grain yield per clump, and harvest index, and reduced percentage of unfilled grains of red rice , while patterns of rice rows only affected dry straw weight, percentage of panicle number, and weight of 100 grains. However, there were significant interactions between the treatment factors on dry straw weight and percentage of panicle number, which under single-row, they were low in monocropping but high and no differences between row patterns in intercropping system. Similarly, grain yield was lower in single or double row than triple row pattern under monocropping but significantly higher and no differences between row patterns under intercropping, indicating the highest benefits of intercropping under single row pattern.&#x0D;

Nutritional balance and recovery rate of macronutrients by ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different fertilizations

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient export, nutritional balance and macronutrient recovery rate in ‘Gigante cactus pear under different fertilization doses, spacings and configurations during three production cycles. The 72 treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions, two configurations in the plots (triple and quadruple row), three spacings in the subplots (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.125 m); and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots (with organic, organomineral and mineral sources). Exports of nutrients are higher under fertilizers with higher nutrient supplies, regardless of source. The order of export was K &gt; Ca &gt; N &gt; Mg &gt; S &gt; P for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization with 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 30 and 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus NPK and PK, and it changed to K &gt; Ca &gt; N &gt; Mg &gt; P &gt; S under organic fertilization with 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus K. The nutrient balance after three production cycles was positive for N, P and S, negative for Ca and Mg in all fertilizations, and positive for K under mineral fertilization with 600 kg ha-1 of K2O and organomineral fertilization with 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus 600 kg ha-1 of K2O. The highest recovery rates of K and the lowest recovery rates of N occur under organic fertilization.

Influence of Plant Population and Harvest Date on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield and Aflatoxin Contamination

ABSTRACT Research was conducted in Malawi at Mpatsanjoka farm in Salima district during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing cycles to determine interactions of plant population and harvest date on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and aflatoxin concentration in peanut at harvest with the cultivar CG7. Peanut was seeded in raised beds spaced 75-cm apart with three different planting patterns to establish three final plant populations. A single row planting pattern consisted of one row of peanut on each center with seed spaced 15-cm apart was used to plant 89,000 seed/ha (low plant seeding rate). A twin row planting pattern included two rows of peanut spaced at 25 cm apart with 15 cm between seeds was used to plant 178,000 seed/ha (medium plant population). A triple row planting pattern consisted of three rows of peanut spaced 25 cm apart with 7 cm between seeds was used to plant 278,000 seed/ha (high density). Peanut was dug 10 days before physiological maturity, at physiological maturity, and at both 4 wk, and 6 wk after physiological maturity. Pod yield increased as seeding rate and subsequent plant population increased but decreased as harvesting was delayed past physiological maturity. Yield of peanut with the highest plant population exceeded that of low and medium populations; yield of the medium plant population was greater than the low population in one of two years. Aflatoxin concentration at harvest was not affected by plant population but increased as harvest was delayed past physiological maturity. Harvesting peanut 10 d prior to physiological maturity did not affect yield or aflatoxin contamination compared with harvesting at optimum maturity.

Arthroscopic Linked Triple Row Repair for Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

Recently, many arthroscopic techniques have been described to improve the outcomes in rotator cuff repair of large and massive tears; these include conventional double-row, suture bridge, and triple-row techniques, in an effort to optimally reconstruct the rotator cuff footprint and improve fixation. This report describes a modified triple-row repair technique that links the double-row and suture-bridge techniques in one construct, merging the advantages of both to maximize the footprint contact area and contact pressure, which may lead to better healing and faster rehabilitation.

Influence of Bed Size and Irrigation Methods on Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) popularly known as ‘The King of Vegetables’, has emerged as fourth most important food crop in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Indian vegetables basket is incomplete without potato as its, dry matter, edible energy and edible protein makes it nutritionally superior as well as staple food throughout the world. Methods: The experiment during 2016-2018 was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications to study the effect of bed size on the yield and size of the tuber under different irrigation methods. Results: Maximum yield was obtained in 60cm bed (narrow bed size) whereas in irrigation system drip produced maximum yield. All quality parameters did not influence due to sowing method and irrigation system but chip recovery was more in drip irrigation than furrow system. Maximum yield through interaction was found in drip irrigated 105 cm triple row bed. Around 45-50 per cent water was saved through drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation. However, maximum benefit cost ratio was obtained in furrow irrigated 60cm bed size.

Triple-row system with a wider drip-line lateral spacing for two drip-irrigated sweet corn cultivars

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of both single- and triple-row production systems in two drip-irrigated sweet corn cultivars under dry Mediterranean climate conditions. A two-year field experiment (2017 and 2018) was carried out in clay loam soil. The following three combinations spacing between crop rows and drip-line lateral spacing, with three replicates for each cultivar, were applied: single rows at 75 cm spacing, with one drip-line lateral spacing for each crop row; single rows at 75 cm row spacing, with one drip-line lateral spacing for three crop rows; and triple rows, 37.5 cm apart, on 225 cm centers, with one drip-line lateral spacing for each triple row. The responses of both cultivars were similar. In addition, husked cob yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) significantly reduced as the drip-line lateral spacing increased in single rows. Yield loss was 35.2% in relation to the 75 cm spacing. However, when the triple-row system with 225 cm drip-line lateral spacing was adopted, yield and IWUE were noticeably improved, and the yield loss was moderated to 16%, due to the improvement in soil water conditions in the triple rows. For improved yield and IWUE, the combination of triple rows with the 225-cm drip-line lateral spacing is an efficient drip-irrigated planting pattern for sweet corn production in dry Mediterranean climate conditions.

Effects of planting configuration and row spacing on growth and production of potato under mulched condition in Dadeldhura, Nepal

An experiment was conducted at the research site of Dadeldhura, Nepal in 2019 to identify optimum plant spacing for potato under mulched condition. Three levels of inter row spacing; 60 cm with single row per bed (1RB), 45 cm with double row per bed (2RB) and 30 cm with triple row per bed (3RB) and intra row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) were laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that there was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) for all parameters except on days to 50% germination, 90% flowering, 50% maturity and on main stem number and graded large sized tuber number and it's weight. Growth parameters namely canopy, leaf number and leaf area were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in 60 cm (1RB) ×30 cm spacing. Plant height and leaf area index was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in 60 cm (1RB) × 20 cm and 30(3RB) ×20 cm spacing respectively. Total number of tubers m-2 , weight of tubers m-2, weight of marketable tubers m-2, harvest index, number of small sized tuber m-2 ,weight of small sized tubers m-2 and weight of medium sized tubers m-2 were found to be 56.24%,39.79%, 47.98%,4.41%,90.56%, 113.23% and 70.15% significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in 30 cm (3RB) compared to 60 cm on (1RB) inter row spacing respectively and 59.72%, 61.15%, 58.30%, 4.41%, 114.90%, 137.31%, 55.39% higher in 20cm compared to 40 cm intra row spacing. Interaction effect was significant (p&lt;0.05) in marketable tuber number and medium sized tuber number in which the average highest number of marketable tubers (134.44) and medium sized tubers (121.08) was found in 30(3RB) ×20 cm spacing which was 165.95% and 235.03% significantly higher compared to 60×40 cm spacing respectively. So, this study showed that 30(3RB) ×20 cm spacing would be best spacing combination under mulched condition.

LUMINOUS INTERCEPTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES AT DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Combinations of species, cultivars, clones and structural arrangements are cited as possibilities that may determine the interactions between these system components and management, needing to be better understood, especially in relation to shading capacity. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the light interception of Eucalyptus spp. clones at different structural arrangements for integrated production systems. An experiment was installed in randomized blocks design with five replications, in factorial scheme 4 x 2. Four structural arrangements A1 = Triple row (3,5 x 3,5 x 3,5) + 88 m; A2 = Double row (3,5 x 3,5) + 44 m; A3 = Single row 4 x 22 m; and A4 = Single row 4 x 11 m and two hybrids clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis. For the estimation of the luminosity characteristics, the CI-110 imager equipment was used for estimate: the leaf area index, the average leaf angle, the coefficient of transmission, the sunflecks and the photosynthetically active radiation. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages of the values of characteristics were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The single row arrangement A4 promoted to the clones the greater shading capacity, characterized by high values of leaf area index, lower values of photosynthetically active radiation and by the densification of the arrangement of the other rows of alleys.

Use of a Reinforced Triple-row Stapler Following Distal Pancreatectomy Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Patients With a High BMI.

Although perioperative management and operative techniques for pancreatic surgery have improved, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality following distal pancreatectomy (DP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the superiority of the reinforced stapler compared to the bare triple row stapler. A total of 93 patients who underwent DP at the First Department of Surgery at Yamanashi University were examined. The patients were divided into two groups according to the closure method for the pancreatic stump; the bare triple-row stapler (BTRS) group and the reinforced triple-row stapler (RTRS) group. The postoperative outcomes were then compared in terms of several clinicopathological factors between the two groups. Seven patients were diagnosed with Grade B/C POPF in this series. The incidence of POPF in the RTRS group was lower than that in the BTRS group (3.6% vs. 13.5%), although there was no significant difference (p=0.077). Further detailed analysis demonstrated that RTRS significantly reduced POPF compared to BTRS in obese patients with a BMI >25.0 kg/m2 (p=0.038). Reinforced triple-row staplers may reduce the incidence of severe POPF, especially in obese patients with a BMI >25 kg/m2.

Modified V-Y Fasciocutaneous Flap Reconstruction After Abdominoperineal Resection in Irradiated Patients Prevents Wound Dehiscence and Associated Complications: A Retrospective Analysis and Benchtop Confirmation.

Primary perineal closure following abdominal perineal resection (APR) is reported to have a wound complication rate as high as 66%, whereas flap reconstruction reduces wound complications to 15% to 35%. A modified de-epithelialized V-Y fasciocutaneous flap aims to further improve results in this patient population. To study the breaking force of a simple interrupted suture in either skin or subcutaneous fat, various quantitative assessments were performed in a porcine flap model using uniaxial static tensile testing with an Instron tensiometer, with a single or triple row of 3 Vicryl sutures in both skin and fat.An outcomes analysis was performed in 24 patients who underwent modified V-Y flap reconstruction after APR. Primary outcome was wound complications including infection, dehiscence, seroma, hematoma, and pelvic fluid collections. Tensile strength of sutures anchored in skin was found to be up to 8 times stronger than sutures anchored in subcutaneous fat in a single row and 3 times as strong in 3 rows (breaking force, 500.2 N vs 263.7 N). In our patient cohort of 24 irradiated cancer patients, 10 (42%) had wound healing complications. Wound dehiscence of various degrees accounted for 80% of these complications. Five patients with wound complications (50%) had associated pelvic fluid collections (infection, 1; wound dehiscence, 4). Minor dehiscence was more likely to occur after suture removal and less likely to be associated with pelvic collections compared to patients with major dehiscence. Our study yields total complication rates lower than what is reported in the literature for anterolateral thigh or gracilis flap including much lower infection rates, and almost similar results to the commonly used vertical rectus myocutaneous muscle. Tension-free de-epithelialized V-Y flap use after APR effectively reconstructs the defect while eliminating an additional donor site. Benchtop studies suggest enhanced flap integrity yielded by layered closure. Wound complications can be managed with local care in their majority (90%). Staggering or delaying suture removal can decrease minor dehiscence. Based on analysis of our results, review of the literature and consideration of donor site morbidity, we believe that modified V-Y flap is the best approach for APR reconstruction in irradiated patients.