Triple-ring Structure Research Articles

Rabi oscillation in few-photon double ionization through doubly excited states

We theoretically investigate few-photon double ionization of helium in intense XUV laser fields by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. Our results show that the familiar single-ring structure in the joint electron momentum spectra is split into the double-ring and previously unobserved triple-ring structures at some specific photon energies. By tracing the electron population evolution of the corresponding states, we found that the triple-ring structure is induced by the coupled Rabi oscillations among the ground, a singly excited, and a doubly excited states. The intermediate detuning causes the asymmetry of the triple-ring structures, which can be controlled by changing the laser intensity and frequency.

Multi-Band Terahertz Filter with Independence to Polarization and Insensitivity to Incidence Angles

Multi-band terahertz filters with independence to polarization and insensitivity to incidence angles are designed, fabricated, and measured, respectively. The promoted multi-band terahertz filters consist of two and three concentric ring complementary structure. Compared with the dual-ring structure, the triple-ring structure not only increases numbers of the pass bands but also heightens the out-of-band rejection of the middle band. The physical mechanisms of the multi-band resonant responses are clarified using three different configurations and distribution of magnetic fields and current surfaces. At normal incidence, the triple-ring structure is independent to polarization due to the symmetry. At oblique incidences, transmission magnitudes as a function of the frequency are firstly demonstrated for the multi-band filter; it is found that this structure shows great insensitivity to incidence angles. The multi-band filter also has advantages in easy fabrication. The encouraging results afforded by the design of the filters could find applications in multi-band sensors, terahertz communication systems, and other emerging terahertz technologies.

Sher 25: pulsating but apparently alone

The blue supergiant Sher25 is surrounded by an asymmetric, hourglass-shaped circumstellar nebula, which shows similarities to the triple-ring structure seen around SN1987A. From optical spectroscopy over six consecutive nights, we detect periodic radial velocity variations in the stellar spectrum of Sher25 with a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~12 km/s on a timescale of about 6 days, confirming the tentative detec-tion of similar variations by Hendry et al. From consideration of the amplitude and timescale of the signal, coupled with observed line profile variations, we propose that the physical origin of these variations is related to pulsations in the stellar atmosphere, rejecting the previous hypothesis of a massive, short-period binary companion. The radial velocities of two other blue supergiants with similar bipolar nebulae, SBW1 and HD 168625, were also monitored over the course of six nights, but these did not display any significant radial velocity variations.

A new proposal for PCRR-based channel drop filter using elliptical rings

In this paper using elliptical resonant ring we proposed a channel drop filter based on photonic crystal structures suitable for optical communication applications. The drop efficiency and the quality factor of our proposed filter is 100% and 647. We also investigated the optical properties of different configurations of the proposed photonic crystal ring resonator such as vertical ring, dual ring and triple ring structures. According to the results different configurations show different optical properties, so for vertical, double and triple ring configurations the quality factor will be 387, 865 and 1559, respectively.

Decay of helical and nonhelical magnetic knots

We present calculations of the relaxation of magnetic field structures that have the shape of particular knots and links. A set of helical magnetic flux configurations is considered, which we call n-foil knots of which the trefoil knot is the most primitive member. We also consider two nonhelical knots; namely, the Borromean rings as well as a single interlocked flux rope that also serves as the logo of the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pune, India. The field decay characteristics of both configurations is investigated and compared with previous calculations of helical and nonhelical triple-ring configurations. Unlike earlier nonhelical configurations, the present ones cannot trivially be reduced via flux annihilation to a single ring. For the n-foil knots the decay is described by power laws that range form t(-2/3) to t(-1/3), which can be as slow as the t(-1/3) behavior for helical triple-ring structures that were seen in earlier work. The two nonhelical configurations decay like t(-1), which is somewhat slower than the previously obtained t(-3/2) behavior in the decay of interlocked rings with zero magnetic helicity. We attribute the difference to the creation of local structures that contain magnetic helicity which inhibits the field decay due to the existence of a lower bound imposed by the realizability condition. We show that net magnetic helicity can be produced resistively as a result of a slight imbalance between mutually canceling helical pieces as they are being driven apart. We speculate that higher order topological invariants beyond magnetic helicity may also be responsible for slowing down the decay of the two more complicated nonhelical structures mentioned above.

X-Ray Triple Rings around the M87 Jets in the Central Virgo Cluster

The Chandra X-ray data of the central Virgo Cluster are reexamined to reveal a triple-ring structure around the galaxy M87, reminiscent of the spectacular triple-ring pattern of the supernova SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In the sky plane, the two apparent smaller ellipses are roughly aligned along the M87 jets; the larger ring centers at the M87 nucleus and is likely a circle roughly perpendicular to the M87 jet. Certain similarities of these two triple-ring structures might hint at similar processes that operate in these two systems with entirely different sizes and mass scales. We suspect that a major merging event of two galaxies with nuclear supermassive black holes (SMBHs) might create such a triple-ring structure and drove acoustic and internal gravity waves far and near. The M87 jets are perhaps powered by a spinning SMBH resulting from this catastrophic merging event.

The Etched Hourglass Nebula [CLC]MyCn[/CLC][CLC]MyCn[/CLC] 18. I. [ITAL]HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE[/ITAL] Observations

We have obtained emission-line and continuum images of the young planetary nebula MyCn 18 with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Although from the ground MyCn 18 appeared to have a triple-ring structure similar to SN 1987A, the HST images show that MyCn 18 has an overall hourglass shape. A series of arcs appear to be etched on the walls of the hourglass near its rims. In the complex central region of the nebula we find a small, inner hourglass structure and two rings. Ring 1 is a bright elliptical ring, and ring 2 a smaller, higher excitation ring. The outer and inner hourglass, and ring 1 and ring 2, all have different centers, and none are coincident with the central star. The hourglass shape of the main nebula is consistent with the predictions of the generalized interacting-winds hypothesis for planetary nebula formation. However, the complex inner nebular structure of MyCn 18 and the offset of the central star from the center of the nebula remain a mystery. We discuss several mechanisms for producing the offset of the central star. Although none are found to be completely satisfactory, those involving a binary central star probably offer the best hope of successful explanation.