Triple Mode Research Articles

15 years of experience with the Triple Plane Pressure Mode Matching technique

The so-called Triple-Plane-Pressure-Mode-Matching technique (TPP for short) is a method used to isolate and quantify the acoustic part in numerical simulations of turbomachinery. Nowadays, simulations such as Harmonic Balance are commonly applied during the design phase of new turbomachinery components for both aeroacoustic and aeroelastic analyses. The TPP method was first published 20 years ago by Ovenden and Rienstra. The principle is to match the periodic pressure data from three or more neighbouring analysis planes with a subset of acoustic eigenmodes. The original method assumes that the flow in the channel section is potential so that the eigenmodes can be determined analytically. This approach can also be applied in slowly varying ducts. The TPP method is a powerful technique that is used at DLR and MTU Aero Engines. For nearly 15 years, constant joint efforts have been made to improve its applicability in industrial environment. Targeted applications are turbine stages, where the mean flow is complex and vortical wakes contaminate the results. In this paper, the latest developments of the method are presented, including the extension to curved extraction surfaces to enable its application to small blade-row spacing. The utility of the technique is illustrated by an industrial application.

Bimetallic Nanozymes‐Integrated Parachute‐Like Au2Pt@PMO@ICG Janus Nanomotor with Dual Propulsion for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Synergistic PTT/PDT/CDT Cancer Therapy

AbstractNanocatalytic therapeutic agents with triple synergistic treatment modes of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are emerging nanomaterials in malignancy treatment. Nevertheless, the passive diffusion and transport of nanomaterials result in poor permeability in tumor lesions, severely affecting the effectiveness of synergistic therapy. Herein, a dual‐source‐driven parachute‐like Au2Pt@PMO@ICG Janus nanomotor (APIJNS) is prepared by an interfacial energy‐mediated anisotropic growth strategy for PTT‐mediated CDT/PDT triple synergistic cancer therapy. Such nanomotor can realize self‐thermophoresis drive under the trigger of near‐infrared light, which can effectively enhance the active permeability and uptake of the APIJNS in the tumor tissue, thus achieving efficient PTT/PDT/CDT synergistic therapeutic effect. In addition, parachute‐like APIJNS exhibits high‐efficiency catalase (CAT)‐like activity and can catalyze the overexpressed H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate oxygen (O2), not only alleviating the hypoxia in the tumor lesion, but also converting it into singlet oxygen (1O2) to activate the photosensitizer ICG, achieving PDT. This work provides new ideas for enhancing triple synergistic cancer therapy by improving tumor permeability with dual‐drive Janus nanomotors based on dual noble metal nanozymes.

Efficacy and safety of elobixibat in combination with or switched from conventional treatments of chronic constipation: A retrospective observational study.

Elobixibat is a triple mode of action laxative that increases water secretion into the colon, promotes colonic motility, and reestablishes the defecation desire. This study aims to evaluate the effectivity and safety of elobixibat in chronic constipation (CC) patients refractory to conventional laxatives. A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted in refractory CC patients diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria and received elobixibat between April 2018 and June 2022 at Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital. Data were collected for spontaneous bowel movement (SBM), Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) scores, abdominal symptoms, and adverse events. Eligible 311 patients were selected for the analysis. Two-week Elobixibat treatment significantly increased SBM (times/week) from 2.9 ± 1.9 to 4.3 ± 1.9 (P < 0.0001). The BSFS score improved significantly from 3.2 ± 1.7 to 4.4 ± 1.4 (P < 0.0001). The percentages of patients with hard stool were decrease and that with normal stools were increase. Improvements in abdominal symptoms (sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation, straining, abdominal pain and distention, and difficulty defecating) were also significant (P < 0.05). These constipation symptoms were improved irrespective of patient characteristics or previous laxatives. The 43.9% of previous laxatives were discontinued at the start of or after starting elobixibat treatment. A few adverse events were observed, elobixibat was well tolerated. Elobixibat was effective in patients who were refractory to other laxatives, irrespective of previous therapy or patient characteristics. Elobixibat may contribute to resolving polypharmacy with single mode of action laxatives.

Enhanced inhibitory efficiency against toxic bloom forming Raphidiopsis raciborskii by Streptomyces sp. HY through triple algicidal modes: Direct and indirect attacks combined with bioflocculation

Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) forms harmful cyanobacterial blooms globally, and poses a great threat to the safety of drinking water and public health. There is a great need to develop eco-friendly biological alternative measures to mitigate mass blooms of R. raciborskii. However, previous rare studies on algicidal microorganisms against R. raciborskii restricted this aim. Recently, an algicidal bacterium Streptomyces sp. HY (designated HY) was identified with flavones producing ability, and could remove up to 98.73 % of R. raciborskii biomass within 48 h by directly attacking the cyanobacterium and release of algicidal substances (i.e., flavonoids) with a inoculum ratio of 5 %. Algicidal rate of HY was enhanced by 88.05 %, 89.33 % under dark and light, and full-light conditions respectively, when compared with the dark condition. Its algicidal substances were stable in a broad range of temperature (−80–55 °C) and pH (3−11) conditions, and all treated groups exhibited ≈ 100 % algicidal rate at day 3. HY treatment disrupted the photosynthesis system and triggered serious oxidative stress resulting in severe morphological injury. Thereby, HY treatment significantly affected expression levels of several essential genes (i.e., psbA, psaB, rbcL, ftsZ, recA, grpE), and simultaneously inhibited the biosynthesis and release of cylindrospermopsin. Yet, HY treatment didn’t show any toxicity to zebrafish test embryos. Such results indicate that HY is a promising algicidal candidate strain to control global R. raciborskii blooms, and holds great promises for an effective biological measure to sustain water safety.

Symmetry-Engineered Dual Plasmon-Induced Transparency via Triple Bright Modes in Graphene Metasurfaces

Dynamical manipulation of plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in graphene metasurfaces is promising for optoelectronic devices such as optical switching and modulating; however, previous design approaches are limited within one or two bright/dark modes, and the realization of dual PIT windows through triple bright modes in graphene metasurfaces is seldom mentioned. Here, we demonstrate that dual PIT can be realized through a symmetry-engineered graphene metasurface, which consists of the graphene central cross (GCC) and graphene rectangular ring (GRR) arrays. The GCC supports a bright mode from electric dipole (ED), the GRR supports two nondegenerate bright modes from ED and electric quadrupole (EQ) due to the C2v symmetry breaking, and the resonant coupling of these three bright modes induces the dual PIT windows. A triple coupled-oscillator model (TCM) is proposed to evaluate the transmission performances of the dual PIT phenomenon, and the results are in good agreement with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In addition, the dual PIT windows are robust to the variation of the structural parameters of the graphene metasurface except for the y-directioned length of the GRR. By changing the carrier mobility of graphene, the amplitudes of the two PIT windows can be effectively tuned. The alteration of the Fermi level of graphene enables the dynamic modulation of the dual PIT with good performances for both modulation degree (MD) and insertion loss (IL).

PORTABLE MUON TELESCOPE FOR COSMIC RAY MONITORING

A portable muon telescope for monitoring of cosmic rays has been developed, based on GM counters shielded with lead adsorbers. The triple coincidence mode of operation results in a relatively good spatial resolution allowing to measure the cosmic ray flux, its east-west anomaly and also to detect the consequences of the special theory of relativity. The apparatus is suitable for long term observations of the cosmic ray flux and due to its simple and robust construction can also be used also for educational purposes.

Ferrocene probe-assisted fluorescence quenching of PEI-carbon dots for NO detection and the logic gates based sensing of NO enabled by trimodal detection

Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorescence quenching between polyethyleneimine functionalised carbon dots (PEI-CDs) and cyclodextrin encapsulated ferrocene for fluorogenic detection of nitric oxide (NO). We confirmed that ferrocene can be used as a NO probe by observing its ability to quench the fluorescence emitted from PEI-CDs, with NO concentrations ranging from 1 × 10–6 M to 5 × 10–4 M. The photoluminescence intensity (PL) of PEI-CDs decreased linearly, with a detection limit of 500 nM. Previous studies have shown that ferrocene is a selective probe for NO detection in biological systems by electrochemical and colorimetric methods. The addition of fluorogenic NO detection using ferrocene as a probe enables the development of a three-way sensor probe for NO. Furthermore, the triple mode NO detection (electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorogenic) with ferrocene aids in processing sensing data in a controlled manner similar to Boolean logic operations. This work presents key findings on the mechanism of fluorescence quenching between ferrocene hyponitrite intermediate and PEI-CDs, the potential of using ferrocene for triple channel NO detection as a single molecular entity, and the application of logic gates for NO sensing.

Perovskite quantum laser with enhanced population inversion driven by plasmon-induced hot electron transfer under potential shift polarization conditions

The hot electron transfer resulting in fluorescence enhancement is significantly meaningful for theory and experiment of the study on photoelectric devices. However, the laser emission based on direct hot electron transfer is difficult to realize because of the low transfer efficiency. To achieve a laser with a new-generation mechanism based on hot electron transfer, the photoelectric co-excitation is proposed for improving the efficiency of hot electron transfer. The lasing behavior at 532 nm is realized with a threshold of 5 kw cm−2 and 1 μA, which can be considered as the hot electron transfer resulting in population inversion enhancement. Meanwhile, the lasing output power is 0.3 mW. The hot electrons transfer process was described via the transient absorption spectrum according to the improved ground-state bleaching and excited-state absorption signal in device ON. Through comparison with the optical pump only, the quantum efficiencies of hot electron generation (HEG) and hot electron transfer (HET) were increased ∼31% and 31%, respectively. Most importantly, a triple gain mode coupling device including local surface plasmon, hot electron transfer, and array oscillation was presented. Two modes of population inversion enhancement are proposed. This study can provide theoretical and experimental reference for the research of hot electron lasers and devices.

A novel ontology-assisted inference platform in automotive troubleshooting tasks

Recent intelligent systems as required for Industry 4.0 merge data from diverse domains and more gradually demand data to be combined with field knowledge. The convergence and scenarization of data permits for the high-level inferring required to create knowledge based on the data under consideration. In this study, a framework for an ontology-assisted multi-scenario inference platform is proposed to help some of the desirable platform qualities in automotive troubleshooting service involve message clarity, platform interoperability, and elegant maturing. This framework is constructed through the model with triple modes (Conception-Expression-Manipulation, CEM), which is a communication-based framework. This proposed framework applies a two-tier class with three performers and can combine and use multiple scenarios. There are several characteristics, including flexibility, interaction, and handily maintenance. The transformation of data is separated from one element of the platform and thus does not implicate several other elements. A field of employment can be easily decided by the utilization of prototypes and field-norm elements. This proposed framework is instantiated applying an instance study including data from the troubleshooting tasks of automotive system.

Development and validation of ivermectin quantification method in volumetric absorptive microsampling using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

BackgroundIvermectin is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used to control onchocerciasis from nematode parasites. As an anthelmintic, ivermectin is designed to have high levels in the gastrointestinal tract, so that the systemic intake is relatively low. Due to the very small concentration of ivermectin, a selective and sensitive approach is needed for the analysis of ivermectin in blood. Several methods have been developed using plasma and Dried Blood Spots, but there are still shortcomings due to hematocrit effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish a validated ivermectin analysis method with doramectin as the internal standard in using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. MethodsMass spectrometry equipped with triple quadrupole and positive electrospray ionization mode was used to conduct the analysis. For the biological matrix, whole blood was used by Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling and extracted using a protein precipitation technique with a combination of acetonitrile and methanol (1:1). VAMS has some advantages such as not being affected by hematocrit, requires a small and fixed volume of sample, also a more efficient sampling process. ResultsThe optimum conditions were achieved with an Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column (1,7 μm; 2.1 × 100 mm); extracted-flow rate was 0,2 mL/min; mobile phase was 5 mM ammonium formate pH 3.00 and acetonitrile (10:90) with isocratic elution. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) detection by m/z values was 892.41 > 569.5 for ivermectin and 916,41 > 331,35 for doramectin. ConclusionThe method has been appropriately validated in compliance with the 2018 guidelines laid out by the US Food and Drug Administration. Resulting the minimum detection (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL with a linear concentration range spanning from 1 to 150 ng/mL.

Neurobiological correlates of religious coping among older adults with and without mood disorders: An exploratory study

In this study, 32 older adults with and without mood disorders completed resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and measures of demographics, spirituality/religion, positive and negative religious coping, and depression. Group Independent Component Analysis identified and selected three a priori resting state networks [cingulo-opercular salience (cSN), central executive (CEN) and Default Mode Networks (DMN)] within the Triple Network Mode. We investigated associations of religious coping with within- and between-network connectivity, controlling for age. Insular connectivity within the cSN was associated with negative religious coping. Religious coping was associated with anti-correlation between the DMN and CEN even when controlling for depression.

Miniaturized Wideband Circularly Polarized Triangular Patch Antennas based on Characteristic Mode Analysis

A miniaturized, wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on coupled triangular patches is presented. Initially, two identical triangular patches with shorting pins are placed close to each other in a perpendicular orientation. Hence, a pair of orthogonal modes can be produced based on the coupled resonators. Under the characteristic mode analysis (CMA), it can be found that the 90∘ phase difference is achieved by modulating gap distance and shorting pins numbers. Both the shape of triangle patches and shorting pins contribute to the miniaturization. To further improve the AR bandwidth, a third patch is added to form a new mode. Thanks to the triple modes produced by the three patch elements, two AR minima are constructed to broaden the AR bandwidth. With this compact arrangement and shorting pins, a miniaturized wideband CP patch antenna with a 5.2% AR bandwidth is successfully implemented. The overall size of the antenna is merely 0.34λ0×0.33λ0×0.046λ0.

Low-Profile UWB Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array Under Triple Resonant Modes Based on PCB Technology

Low-Profile UWB Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array Under Triple Resonant Modes Based on PCB Technology

Simulation and analysis of core barrel vibrational modes associated with neutron noise phenomena in WWER-type reactors

This survey focuses on an approach to address various vibrational modes of the core barrel in a hexagonal-structured reactor core. The core barrel vibration is considered one of the main mechanical vibrations in a high-power nuclear reactor, initiating core component malfunctions and safety issues. Here, a well-reasoned method is proposed to handle the triple vibrational modes of such core barrels, whether individually or in combination with fuel assembly vibrations. The modeling of core barrel vibrations involves modifying the lattice water width for boundary fuel assemblies and correlating it with external reactivity in the time-dependent calculation. The radial and axial distributions of neutron noise amplitude, phase, and spectrum are further analyzed for several scenarios using the designed neutron noise simulation tool, DYNOSIM. The outcomes support using the suggested methodology to simulate neutron noise in hexagonal cores due to different modes of core barrel vibration.

Transition in solution dynamics of polyacrylic acid: An interplay between nonergodicity and triple mode relaxation

AbstractDynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements have been performed on the polyacrylic acid (PAA) to investigate the polyelectrolyte effect on its solution dynamics. Viscosity measurements confirm the solution to be in the nondilute regime. The polyelectrolyte impacts are contrasted by using two solution pHs, five electrolyte concentrations, and in each with four different polymer concentrations. An interesting ergodic nonergodic ergodic transitions are being observed with variation in solution pH and electrolyte concentrations, which is directly coupled to a similar transition between bi‐modal and triple mode relaxation. The partial heterodyne method is used to analyze the DLS data exhibiting nonergodicity; otherwise, the standard Siegert relation is being employed. For the new third mode of relaxation, in addition to the conventional fast and slow mode, a novel term of nonergodic mode being coined because of a direct association between its presence with the sample becoming nonergodic. The fast relaxation time being analyzed through Rouse model and both the nonergodic and slow relaxation time show a monotonous increase with rise in polymer concentration. The stretched exponent , a measure of inhomogeneity, decreases with increase in solution pH and polymer concentration while increases with the addition of salt to the solution.

A Low-profile Vertically Polarized Patch Antenna With Wideband Omnidirectional Radiation Based on Triple Resonant Modes

A Low-profile Vertically Polarized Patch Antenna With Wideband Omnidirectional Radiation Based on Triple Resonant Modes

Efficiency improvement of triple mode DC-DC Buck converter with adaptive power transistor width (APTW) technique

Efficiency improvement of triple mode DC-DC Buck converter with adaptive power transistor width (APTW) technique

Data analysis on the three defect wavelengths of a MoS2-based defective photonic crystal using machine learning

To reduce the dimension of optoelectronic devices, recently, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers with direct bandgap in the visible range are widely used in designing a variety of photonic devices. In these applications, adjustability of the working wavelength and bandwidth with optimum absorption value plays an important role. This work proposes a symmetric defective photonic crystal with three defects containing MoS2 monolayer to achieve triple narrowband defect modes with wavelength adjustability throughout the Photonic Band Gap (PBG) region, 560 to 680 nm. Within one of our designs remarkable FWHM approximately equal to 5 nm with absorption values higher than 90% for the first and third defect modes are achieved. The impacts of varying structural parameters on absorption value and wavelength of defect modes are investigated. Due to the multiplicity of structural parameters which results in data plurality, the optical properties of the structure are also predicted by machine learning techniques to assort the achieved data. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) modeling is used to predict the absorption and wavelength of defect modes for four datasets based on various permutations of structural variables. The machine learning modeling results are highly accurate due to the obtained R2-score and cross-validation score values higher than 90%.

A 14T radiation hardened SRAM for space applications with high reliability

SummaryStatic Random Access Memory (SRAM) is vital in aerospace applications, but it may experience soft errors in strong radiation environments. This paper proposes a reconfigurable radiation SRAM with two operating modes catering to different environmental requirements: (1) traditional triple modular redundancy mode used when the radiation environment is strong and (2) SRAM cell expansion mode used when the radiation is not very strong. For example, when the memory capacity of a single module is 8 k, the memory capacity is 8 k in traditional triple modular redundancy mode, but it can be tripled to 24 K in extended mode. As can be obviously seen, this design can adjust the size according to the needs. In SRAM cell expansion mode, the proposed 14T SRAM cell enables the memory to maintain radiation resistance. Compared with DICE, RHBD‐12T, and WHIT, the read speed is improved by 3.8%, 5.7%, and 11.5% respectively, but compared with WE‐QUATRO, the read speed is reduced by 1.9%. The hold static noise margin is 1.378 times than DICE, 1.201 times than WE‐QUATRO, 1.045 times than RHBD‐12T, and 1.14 times than WHIT, respectively. The proposed 14T cell in this paper exhibits the highest critical charge value compared with the other cells. Combined with the expansion mode of the reconfiguration design, it shows great stability.

Hybrid Modular Redundancy: Exploring Modular Redundancy Approaches in RISC-V Multi-Core Computing Clusters for Reliable Processing in Space

Space Cyber-Physical Systems (S-CPS) such as spacecraft and satellites strongly rely on the reliability of onboard computers to guarantee the success of their missions. Relying solely on radiation-hardened technologies is extremely expensive, and developing inflexible architectural and microarchitectural modifications to introduce modular redundancy within a system leads to significant area increase and performance degradation. To mitigate the overheads of traditional radiation hardening and modular redundancy approaches, we present a novel Hybrid Modular Redundancy (HMR) approach, a redundancy scheme that features a cluster of RISC-V processors with a flexible on-demand dual-core and triple-core lockstep grouping of computing cores with runtime split-lock capabilities. Further, we propose two recovery approaches, software-based and hardware-based, trading off performance and area overhead. Running at 430MHz, our fault-tolerant cluster achieves up to 1160MOPS on a matrix multiplication benchmark when configured in non-redundant mode and 617 and 414 MOPS in dual and triple mode, respectively. A software-based recovery in triple mode requires 363 clock cycles and occupies 0.612 mm 2 , representing a 1.3% area overhead over a non-redundant 12-core RISC-V cluster. As a high-performance alternative, a new hardware-based method provides rapid fault recovery in just 24 clock cycles and occupies 0.660 mm 2 , namely ∼ 9.4% area overhead over the baseline non-redundant RISC-V cluster. The cluster is also enhanced with split-lock capabilities to enter one of the available redundant modes with minimum performance loss, allowing execution of a mission-critical portion of code when in independent mode, or a performance section when in a reliability mode, with &lt;400 clock cycles overhead for entry and exit. The proposed system is the first to integrate these functionalities on an open-source RISC-V-based compute device, enabling finely tunable reliability vs. performance trade-offs.