Triple-match Principle Research Articles

Does Match Really Matter? The Moderating Role of Resources in the Relation between Demands, Vigor and Fatigue in Academic Life

The goal of the present study is to examine the moderating role of resources at work or study in the relation between demands, vigor, and fatigue in academic life. Trying to replicate scarce research on both academic and student stress simultaneously, we tested the so-called triple-match principle in an academic context to study whether or not match between specific resources, demands and well-being/health outcomes does really matter. A cross-sectional survey study using online self-completion questionnaires was carried out among 96 academics and 221 engineering students from a technological university (n = 317 in total). Findings showed a moderating, matching, role of resources in the association between demands, vigor, and particularly fatigue. Specifically, high cognitive resources strengthened the positive relation between cognitive demands and cognitive liveliness. In addition, high emotional resources buffered the positive association between emotional demands and successively emotional, cognitive and physical fatigue. This study reveals that matching resources are important in academic life. Therefore, it seems essential to create an appropriate equilibrium between specific resources and corresponding demands to promote academic well-being and health.

Testing the triple-match principle among Dutch elite athletes: A day-level study on sport demands, detachment and recovery

ObjectivesDetachment, getting a physical, cognitive, and emotional break from the effortful demands of training and competition, is a recovery experience that can buffer the adverse effects of high sport demands on health and well-being. The matching hypothesis states that recovery strategies are most effective when they match particular sport demands. The main aim of this study was to investigate the matching hypothesis with respect to the relation between daily sport demands, detachment, and recovery state among elite athletes. DesignA one-week online daily diary study was conducted. Multilevel regression analyses tested within-subject associations between daily sport demands, detachment, and recovery state at bedtime, while controlling for recovery state in the morning. MethodSixty-eight elite athletes completed a daily diary survey after waking up (T1) and at bedtime (T2) across eight consecutive days. ResultsResults showed that daily physical detachment was positively related to daily physical recovery, whereas daily emotional detachment was positively related to daily cognitive recovery and emotional recovery. Moderating effects of daily detachment on the relation between daily sport demands and daily recovery state occurred more often when there was a match between specific types of sport demands, detachment, and recovery state rather than when there was less match or no match. ConclusionsFindings indicate that physical and emotional detachment are effective recovery strategies for elite athletes. Moreover, it is important that detachment matches the type of effort that has been spent to find the strongest stress-buffering effects.

Emotional Labour and Wellbeing: What Protects Nurses?

Although compassionate care has wide-ranging benefits for patients, it can be emotionally demanding for healthcare staff. This may be a particular problem for those with little experience in a caring role. This study utilises the job demands-resources model to examine links between “emotional labour” and emotional exhaustion in student nurses. In line with the triple-match principle—whereby interactive effects are more likely when job demands, resources, and outcomes are within the same qualitative domain—the protective role of emotional support and emotion-focused coping (i.e., emotional venting) in the relationship between emotional labour and exhaustion is also explored. An online questionnaire was completed by 351 student nurses with experience working in healthcare settings. A strong positive relationship was found between emotional labour and emotional exhaustion, and some support was found for the moderating effects of emotional support and emotion-focused coping. Ways to help student and qualified nurses develop the emotional resilience required to protect their wellbeing, while providing high-quality compassionate care to patients are considered.

Het Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model nader onderzocht: de rol van match, zelfregulerend gedrag en persoonskenmerken

A closer look at the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model: the role of match, functional self-regulation and personal characteristics A closer look at the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Model: the role of match, functional self-regulation and personal characteristics The Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model is a theoretical model for work stress and work motivation that aims to explain positive and negative consequences of the work environment on employee health and well-being. The model focusses on two crucial components of the work environment: job demands and job resources. The underlying principles of the DISC Model (multidimensionality, triple match, compensation, balance and functional self-regulation) and their validity and generalizability were studied in two doctoral theses. Further, possible expansions of the DISC Model, by investigating the role of personal characteristics (active coping style and regulatory focus), were studied as well. The current article summarizes both theses and, in this way, provides a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and empirical research on the DISC Model. Empirical support was found for the triple-match principle which states that moderating effects will occur most often when there is a match between the type of job demand, the type of job resource and the type of work outcome under study. In addition, support was found for the functional self-regulation principle, whereas partial support was found for the added value of an active coping style. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are provided and future research lines are suggested.

Testing the triple-match principle among technology employees

The triple-match principle (TMP) proposes that the strongest, interactive relationships between job demands and job resources are observed when job demands, job resources and job-related outcomes are based on qualitatively identical dimensions. This principle is tested with regard to three outcomes: cognitive failure, emotional exhaustion, and physical health complaints. Data were collected in a large sample of employees in the technology sector (n = 1533). Results demonstrate that the positive association between emotional job demands and emotional exhaustion is compensated by the availability of emotional job resources. No triple-match interactions are found with regard to cognitive failure or physical health complaints. In line with the TMP, results show that the likelihood of finding theoretically valid interactions is related to the degree of match between job demands, job resources, and outcomes.

Testing and extending the triple match principle in the nursing profession: a generational perspective on job demands, job resources and strain at work

The Triple Match Principle offers insight into the interactive interplay between job demands and job resources in the prediction of work-related strain. The aim of this article was to examine the interplay among job demands, job resources and strain in the nursing profession (the Triple Match Principle) and to gain insight into potential generational differences by investigating generation as a moderator of that interplay. No research has been done to evaluate generational differences in the Triple Match Principle. In a context of nursing shortages, it seems important to examine the relevance of the Triple Match Principle with respect to different generations of nurses. Cross-sectional study. A total of 1254 public healthcare sector nurses in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire in the autumn of 2010. The questionnaire was used to assess cognitive, emotional and physical job demands and resources; psychological distress; psychosomatic complaints; and turnover intention. The results supported the Triple Match Principle and showed that job resources were more likely to buffer the effect of job demands on strain as the degree of match in qualitative dimension among demands, resources and strain increased (33·3% of triple-match interactions, 22·22% of double-match interactions and 16·67% non-match interactions were significant). Moreover, generation played a key role in this interplay, as it increased the number of significant qualitative interactions among job demands, job resources and strain. The results underscore the necessity of providing adequate job resources tailored to the specific job demands nurses face, to counteract the negative effects of those demands.

The Interplay of Matching and Non‐Matching Job Demands and Resources on Emotional Exhaustion among Teachers

We investigated how matching and non-matching demands and resources are related to emotional exhaustion (EE) in teachers. Theoretically, we draw on the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) model that proposes that demands, resources, and strains are multidimensional and comprise emotional, cognitive, and physical components. We first tested whether resources compensate aversive effects of demands. Second, as proposed by the triple-match principle, we tested whether interaction effects between job demands and resources are most likely if demands, resources, and outcomes relate to the same dimension. We retrieved data from 177 school teachers; a subsample was re-examined after a time lag of about 21 month (N = 56). Linear regression analyses reveal concurrent and longitudinal main and interaction effects of teacher-specific emotional and cognitive job demands and resources on EE. Results support the compensation principle and triple-match principle. Therefore, the DISC model seems to provide a valuable framework for the study of interaction effects in job stress research and, in particular, for interventions to reduce job strain in teachers.

Testing the Triple-Match Principle in the Technology Sector: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Panel Study

The present study investigates the issue of match between job demands and job resources in the prediction of changes in job-related well-being outcomes as outlined by the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) model. Job demands, resources, and well-being outcomes are considered to be multidimensional constructs comprising physical, cognitive, and/or emotional components. The Triple-Match Principle (TMP) proposes that the strongest, interactive relationships between job demands and resources are observed when demands, resources, and outcomes are based on identical dimensions. This principle was tested using a two-wave longitudinal panel study among 720 Belgian employees in the technology sector. Analyses were conducted with cross-lagged structural equation modeling, and results tend to confirm the matching hypothesis. Specifically, the likelihood of finding valid interaction effects was nearly linearly related to the degree of match between demands, resources, and outcomes. Generalisability of the TMP in the technology sector was shown. Practically, findings indicate that enhancing specific, matching, job resources enables employees to deal with corresponding high job demands to improve employee well-being.

Increasing the probability of finding an interaction in work stress research: A two‐wave longitudinal test of the triple‐match principle

Research into work stress has attempted to identify job resources that can moderate the effects of job demands on strain. The recently developed triple‐match principle (TMP) proposes that job demands, resources, and strain can be conceptualized as being composed of cognitive, emotional, and physical dimensions. When a psychological imbalance is induced by job demands, individuals activate corresponding resources to reduce the effects of the demands. A closer match occurs when the resources are processed in the same psychological domain as the demands. The further away from a match, the less likely an interactive effect will become. Put simply, the likelihood of finding an interactive effect between job demands and job resources is greatest when demands, resources, and strain are based on qualitatively similar dimensions (i.e. cognitive, emotional, and physical). For example, emotional support from colleagues is likely to buffer the effects of emotional demands on emotional exhaustion. The TMP was tested in a sample of 179 Australian police officers in a two‐wave longitudinal study. The likelihood of finding an interactive effect was related to the degree of match between job demands, job resources, and strain with 33.3% of triple‐match interactions significant, 22.2% when there was a double‐match, and 0.0% when there was no match. These findings lend support to the TMP as a guiding framework, for research, to explore possible interactive effects in work stress research, and for practice, to inform interventions matching resources to occupational demands, to offset strain.

The interplay of job demands, job resources and cognitive outcomes in informatics

AbstractThe present study investigates the issue of match between job demands and job resources in the prediction of employees' cognitive well‐being. Job demands and job resources, as well as job‐related strains (and concepts concerned with positive well‐being), are not one‐dimensional concepts. At a very basic level they comprise physical, cognitive and/or emotional components. The triple match principle proposes that the strongest, interactive relationships between job demands and job resources are observed when job demands, job resources and strains are based on qualitatively identical dimensions. In this study, we specifically hypothesize that cognitive job resources are most likely to moderate the relationship between cognitive job demands and cognitive outcomes. Two measures of cognitive well‐being are included: learning motivation and professional efficacy. Using a web‐based questionnaire, data were collected in a sample of 207 informatics. Results partially confirm our hypotheses both in terms of main and in terms of interaction effects. Informatics with high cognitive job demands have a higher feeling of competence than informatics with low cognitive job demands. This effect is stronger when matching high cognitive job resources are available. These findings are in line with earlier research on the interaction effects in the prediction of employees' cognitive well‐being at work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

"Stressors, resources, and strain at work: A longitudinal test of the triple-match principle": Correction to de Jonge and Dormann (2006).

"Stressors, resources, and strain at work: A longitudinal test of the triple-match principle": Correction to de Jonge and Dormann (2006).

Stressors, resources, and strain at work: A longitudinal test of the triple-match principle.

Two longitudinal studies investigated the issue of match between job stressors and job resources in the prediction of job-related strain. On the basis of the triple-match principle (TMP), it was hypothesized that resources are most likely to moderate the relation between stressors and strains if resources, stressors, and strains all match. Resources are less likely to moderate the relation between stressors and strains if (a) only resources and stressors match, (b) only resources and strains match, or (c) only stressors and strains match. Resources are least likely to moderate the relation between stressors and strains if there is no match among stressors, resources, and strains. The TMP was tested among 280 and 267 health care workers in 2 longitudinal surveys. The likelihood of finding moderating effects was linearly related to the degree of match, with 33.3% of all tested interactions becoming significant when there was a triple match, 16.7% when there was a double match, and 0.0% when there was no match. Findings were most consistent if there was an emotional match or a physical match.