Triple Identity Research Articles

ALGORITHM FOR CONSTRUCTING TRIPLE IDENTITY GRAPH OF RING Z_n USING PYTHON

Let R be a commutative ring. The triple identity graph of ring R is denoted by TE(R) with sets of vertices Two different vertices and are adjacent if and only if there is an element in such that and . To easily visualize the triple identity graph, a program is needed to represent it briefly. Python can easily manipulate, analyze, and visualize data. Therefore, this study uses Python to construct the algorithm for In this research, some examples will be given and then be observed for new characteristics of the triple identity graph of ring such as the connectedness, the diameter, and the girth. And we find the characterize for which graph is empty, connected, or Hamiltonian.

국제상사중재상 택일조항과 기판력원칙의 적용에 관한 고찰

Purpose: By analyzing the res judicata principle and the fork-in-the-road clause, which are frequently at issue in international commercial arbitration, this study presents the implications related to these clauses after analysis of Iberdrola v. Guatemala (II).
 Research design, data, and methodology: This study mainly adopts the literature research method, and utilizes domestic and foreign literature as well as Internet data.
 Results: ① The issue of res judicata was decided based on international law and the law of the place of arbitration (Swiss law). ② Based on the triple identity test, the ICSID recognized the arbitration’s denial of jurisdiction under the res judicata principle, and the UNCITRAL claimant was blocked in arbitration.
 Conclusions: It is meaningful that it was decided that the respondent country does not have the right to file a counterclaim, saying that the former takes precedence in cases where the investment treaty and the arbitration rules contradict each other.

TRIPLE IDENTITY IN CONFLICT: ethnography in legislative media and its possibilities

ABSTRACT – This article analyzes the challenges, obstacles, and theoretical and methodological advances that the ethnography of organizations can bring to journalism research based on two studies on legislative media in the Brazilian National Congress. It discusses how the triple identity of ethnographer-journalist-public servant complicates the analysis of these media outlets, creating an environment favorable to reflexivity. Based on the assumption that such media are a privileged space to observe the relationship between the political and journalistic fields, this study concludes that the ethnography advantages are related to the possibility of perceiving and understanding the hybrid identity of the observed subjects, and the researchers themselves. The political role of actors in this context is complex and emphasized in order to further the understanding of the social role of journalism.RESUMO – Este estudo analisa desafios, obstáculos e avanços teóricos e metodológicos que a perspectiva da etnografia das organizações pode trazer à pesquisa em jornalismo, com base em duas análises das mídias legislativas do Congresso Nacional. Discute-se como a tripla identidade de etnógrafa-jornalistaservidora pública complexifica as análises sobre esses veículos, criando um ambiente favorável à reflexividade. Partindo do pressuposto de que tais mídias são um espaço privilegiado para observar a relação entre os campos político e jornalístico, o estudo conclui que os ganhos da etnografia estão relacionados à possibilidade de perceber e compreender a identidade híbrida dos sujeitos observados, e do próprio pesquisador. No contexto estudado, o papel político dos atores é complexificado e colocado em evidência, o que amplia a compreensão do papel social do jornalismo.RESUMEN – Este estudio aborda desafíos, obstáculos y avances teóricos y metodológicos que la perspectiva de la etnografía de las organizaciones puede aportar a la investigación en periodismo, a partir de dos análisis de los medios legislativos del Congreso Nacional brasileño. Se discute cómo la triple identidad de etnógrafo-periodista-servidor público compleja el análisis de estos vehículos, creando un ambiente favorable a la reflexividad. Partiendo del supuesto de que dichos medios son un espacio privilegiado para observar la relación entre los campos político y periodístico, el estudio concluye que las ganancias de la etnografía están relacionadas con la posibilidad de percibir y comprender la identidad híbrida de los sujetos observados y del propio investigador. En el contexto estudiado, se compleja y resalta el rol político de los actores, lo que amplía la comprensión de la función social del periodismo.

Enforceability of Interim Measures ordered by Arbitral Tribunals: The Issue and Possible Remedies in International Commercial Arbitration

The author in this paper has tried to bring forth the theoretical concept, the practical problems and best international practices for enforcement of interim/provisional measures (in some cases interim award) by arbitral tribunals and national court of competent jurisdiction. This paper dwells into the idea of what constitutes best international practices in international commercial arbitration sphere which leads parties to the arbitration proceedings to opt for enforcing interim measures either by arbitral tribunals, whose measures against securing interim rights needs to be legally enforced by and realised by the court at the seat of arbitration, which leads to more time, expense and in some cases, frustration of rights of the applicant and holder of interim remedies against enforcing interim measures straight away by the court at the seat of arbitration which holds more sanctity and holding in law and enforcing and binding on the arbitral tribunals to secure the interim applicants rights. This paper has critically analysed the practical problems associated with enforcing parties interim measures by arbitral tribunals and the national courts vide the triple identity test/three-test approach of enforcement of interim measures. At last, the author has discussed the pros and cons of enforcing such interim measures under the light of the New York Convention with the help of case laws leading to enforceable and non-enforceable interim measures.

Realization of res judicata principle in civil proceedings: the experience of foreign countries


 The article is devoted to the analysis of res judicata as an essential element of the legal certainty. Res judicata is considered to be one of the main guaranties of the legal certainty principle in civil procedure which allows a stability of the court decisions in democratic society and increase the public confidence to judiciary. 
 The author analyzes national characteristics of the realization of the principle of res judicata in civil procedure of foreign countries. The author explores the preclusion effect of court decisions, highlighting two effects of the res judicata principle: positive and negative one. The negative effect of res judicata is aimed at preventing the re-consideration of identical disputes between the parties if the dispute has already been resolved by the court, in turn, the positive effect of res judicata allows the parties to refer to circumstances that have already been established by a court decision in the dispute between them, in new proceedings, where they are involved.
 It is concluded that there are significant differences in the understanding of this principle in common law and civil law legal systems. The common law countries have a broad understanding of the res judicata principle, which includes positive and negative effects, and is implemented through such institutions as the claim preclusion and the issue preclusion. Civil law countries follow a narrow approach to understanding of res judicata principle, which is limited only by the negative effect and is reflected in the claim preclusion, which blocks filing an identical claim if there is a final court decision on the dispute between the parties.
 In common law jurisdiction there is a wider conception of the “claim”, according to which it is understood in the context of entire dispute and comprise all claims based on the legal relationship between the parties, whether or not they were the subject of court proceedings. At the same time in civil law countries identity of the claims can be notified with the help of the triple identity test, which contains the identity of the subject of the claim, the identity of the cause of action and the identity of the parties of the claim.

Safety Regulations and the Uncertainty of Work-Related Road Accident Loss: The Triple Identity of Chinese Local Governments Under Principal-Agent Framework.

This study examines how government safety regulations affect the uncertainty of work-related road accident loss (UWRAL) by considering the multi-identity of local governments in the relationship among the central government, the local governments, and enterprises. Fixed effects panel models and mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to test the hypotheses using Chinese provincial panel data from 2008 to 2014. Given the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of road safety systems, a new approach based on self-organized criticality theory is proposed to measure the uncertainty of road accident loss from a complex system perspective. We find that a regional government with detailed safety work planning (SWP), high safety supervision intensity (SSI), and safety information transparency (SIT) can decrease the UWRAL. Furthermore, our findings suggest that SSI and SIT partially mediate the relationship between the SWP of regional governments and the UWRAL, with 19.7% and 23.6% indirect effects, respectively. This study also provides the government with managerial implications by linking the results of risk assessment to decision making for risk management.

Supervisión y Control v Costa Rica: Developing the Pantechniki v Albania1Standard for ‘Fork in the Road’ Provisions in Investment Treaties

Abstract This Note analyses the Award of 18 January 2017 in Supervisión y Control v Costa Rica. The Award is the second award hitherto made by an investor-state tribunal that directly affirms the approach pioneered in Pantechniki v Albania used to determine whether a ‘fork in the road’ provision in an bilateral investment treaty has been activated—as to bar a claim brought in litigation before a respondent State's courts from being arbitrated. Being so, the Award differs from the majority of other arbitral decisions applying the ‘triple identity’ test instead. We analyse what the Award has added to the existing jurisprudence on ‘fork in the road’ provisions, and the debate surrounding which test is to be preferred. We also discuss the extent to which the Award successfully resolves the problems associated with the ‘same fundamental basis’ test applied in Pantechniki, such as its potential vagueness, and the absence of a complete conceptual explanation as to why the reasoning in Woodruff might apply to ‘fork in the road’ provisions. Ultimately, we argue that the Award involves an insightful attempt at clarifying and developing the Pantechniki test, which could herald a new approach to be adopted by investor-state tribunals interpreting similar provisions.

La destrucción de la modernidad republicana. (Sin)razones del exilio pedagógico español

Este texto expone los motivos que empujaron al exilio —exterior e interior— a millares de maestros, inspectores, profesores y científicos españoles, prestando especial atención al llamado «exilio pedagógico». Los docentes e investigadores afines a la República se sintieron condenados y amenazados por los insurgentes por aunar una triple identidad: la de republicanos (el enemigo absoluto, «encarnación del mal»), la de intelectuales (extranjerizantes y «envenenadores del alma popular»), y la de maestros («traidores a la patria», laicos y propagadores del credo republicano). A esta triple identidad, motivo —sinrazón— de exilio, se añaden dos causas —sinrazones— más de enorme importancia en la decisión de abandonar su tierra, su casa y su patria: el compromiso con la modernización de España —lo auténticamente sustancial para la mecánica represiva franquista— y la imposibilidad de formar parte de la pedagogía de la nueva España, que se fija como objetivo desmantelar la educación republicana y construir otra nueva fundamentada en los denominados «antitópicos» de la educación franquista que se expresa en la segunda parte del binomio (pública/privada; universal/de selectos; laica/católica; pacifista/combatiente; del placer/del sacrificio; de la espontaneidad/disciplinaria, etc.). El resultado del exilio y de la sustitución de un pensamiento filosófico y pedagógico por otro «nuevo» es conocido: la destrucción de la moderna pedagogía española.

From a Trinitarian Theology of Religion to a Trinitarian Theology of Religions: Bridging ‘First Theology’ and ‘Second Theology’

This paper examines the problem of a theology of religions without the Trinity and the problem of overemphasizing interreligious dialogue without taking the inner communion identity of the church seriously. This paper argues that central to an authentic Trinitarian theology of religions is the question of how the church is rightly to be understood in relation to the Trinity as the doctrinal ground and guide for its inner communion of first theology (a trinitarian theology of the Christian religion) and in its external communion of second theology with the religious world as the realm of the trinitarian reign (a trinitarian theology of religions). Building on this framework, this paper explores the right hermeneutics of the triple identity of the Trinity, Christian faith and other faiths as the ground and guide for Christian right approaches to other faiths for the right goals of mission.

Transnational Arbitral Res Judicata

Commercial arbitral awards are universally recognized to give rise to res judicata, but confusion reigns over what law applies to the res judicata effect of a prior arbitral award asserted before a subsequent tribunal. National res judicata laws diverge on key questions such as the availability of issue estoppel and the construction of the ‘triple identity’ test. Yet the normal tools used to manage divergence in potentially applicable laws – choice of law and codification – have failed to work when it comes to the res judicata effect of awards. I argue the answer is to adopt a transnational approach to res judicata in arbitration. Although this approach has support in principle, questions remain about how it would work in practice. I propose that a modified version of Gaillard’s ‘transnational rules method’ contains the seeds of a promising answer. Specifically, tribunals could look to both other commercial tribunals’ awards, as well as International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and International Court of Justice (ICJ) case law on res judicata, to develop a sui generis transnational preclusion standard for international arbitration. This is consistent with informal practices arbitrators have developed with respect to other interstitial issues where choice of law processes do not yield satisfactory results. Finally, I evaluate the implications of taking this approach, as well as its prospects for success.

Philosophical Context on the interpretation of the Ethics of Triple Identity in Wonbuddhism

Philosophical Context on the interpretation of the Ethics of Triple Identity in Wonbuddhism

Integrating International Service-Learning in an Academic Graduate Course: An Instructor and Student Perspective

This descriptive paper aims to discuss and share perspectives on a graduate travel course that integrated an international service-learning component. The course (Cross-Cultural and Global Perspectives in Education) taught in Kenya during the summer of 2010 had four registered students. Accompanying these students were the course instructor, two University of Scranton faculty members and three alumni. This article describes the experiences of two participants –instructor of the course and one graduate student who had never traveled outside of the United States prior to enrolling in this course.The students gained perspectives on the diversity of the African continent in general and Kenya in particular. Through course assignments such as journal entries, reflections on pertinent readings, discussion boards and experiences visiting primary classrooms, students acquired deeper insights into the educational system in Kenya, which helped quell misconceptions about the country. The notion of triple identity – citizen in a community, nation and world – was experienced by the students. A critical pedagogy approach, Ignatian pedagogy, in-depth reflection, international service-learning and learning outcomes will form the framework of the article.

Revisiting Res Judicata and Lis Pendens in Investor-State Arbitration

Questions concerning res judicata and lis pendens in investment arbitration proceedings remain a subject of academic discussions, particularly with regard to the application of the “triple identity test”. The necessity of a more coherent approach to the matter is a pressing issue amidst the criticisms of the investor-state arbitration system as a whole. Finding viable solutions to prevent multiple/parallel proceedings and contradicting decisions is crucial in further strengthening the rule of law in investment arbitration.

Transnational Arbitral Res Judicata

Commercial arbitral awards are universally recognized to give rise to res judicata, but confusion reigns over what law applies to the res judicata effect of a prior arbitral award asserted before a subsequent tribunal. National res judicata laws diverge on key questions such as the availability of issue estoppel and the construction of the triple identity test. Yet the normal tools used to manage divergence in potentially applicable laws — choice of law and codification — have failed to work when it comes to the res judicata effect of awards. I argue the answer is to adopt a approach to res judicata in arbitration. Although this approach has support in principle, questions remain about how it would work in practice. I propose that a modified version of Gaillard's transnational rules method contains the seeds of a promising answer. Specifically, tribunals could look to ICSID and ICJ case law on res judicata to develop a sui generis preclusion standard for international arbitration, consistent with informal practices arbitrators have developed with respect to other interstitial issues where choice of law processes do not yield satisfactory results. I analyze this proposal's prospects for success in light of other public international tribunals' experiences applying general principles of law and using the concept of jurisgenerative interpretation.

Smarandache zero divisors, power joined elements and triple identity rings.

In this paper, we study Smarandache zero divisors, in Zn and the group ring Z2 G, for a
 cyclic group G of order 2n, we also study power joined elements and triple identity rings.

ETHNO-CULTURAL IDENTIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN SOCIETY

The aim of the article is the study of cultural peculiarities of ethnical identity on the example of the Sakha (Yakut) people. The author also makes research on the processes of identification in present ethno-cultural and social conditions. Because the process of identification has local cultural peculiarities seen on mental level, it is necessary to count them in inter-personal and inter-cultural communication in the present socio-cultural space. Based on the duality and triple identity of a Sakha person who has three-part soul Kut, the author shows her own way of classification of identity types. The author suggests a new type of identity named as “creative identity” and introduces a notion of ethno-cultural identity. Having done the analyses of peculiarities of ethno-cultural identity the author results in claiming that all ethnicities have “human”-level identity and that for adequate communication it is necessary to “humanize” a person.

AS TRÊS IDENTIDADES DO DISCURSO AUTOBIOGRÁFICO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A OBRA DE PEDRO NAVA

Os diários, as cartas, os memoriais acadêmicos, os romances autobiográficos são gêneros que realizam o discurso autobiográfico, cuja marca central é, além da temática da “minha vida” – o “eu” é o centro do discurso –, a produção do efeito de identidade entre o enunciador e o narrador; o narrador e o protagonista; o protagonista e o enunciador. Ao examinar os livros que compõem as Memórias de Pedro Nava, notamos que, a partir da segunda metade de Galo-das-trevas (quinto volume), esse triplo efeito de identidade não se realiza por completo. Por meio de uma análise centrada na sintaxe e na semântica discursiva, procuramos desvendar os mecanismos labirínticos que rompem essa coerção dos gêneros autobiográficos e seus efeitos de sentido.

The Boundary Spanning Effects of the Muslim Diaspora on the Internationalization Processes of Firms from Organization of Islamic Conference Countries

Abstract While scholarly attention to the role played by diasporans in facilitating cross-country trade has recently increased, the implicitness of this phenomenon has prevented many researchers from examining empirically how these processes actually work. Unlike previous studies that focus on diasporans from specific countries of origin, we take a different perspective on diasporans by looking beyond country boundaries. We focus on religious/cultural groupings, specifically on Muslim diasporans living in the West. We utilize a phenomenological driven qualitative research approach to investigate the effects of Muslim diasporans on the internationalization processes of firms from Organization of Islamic Conference countries in the context of the halal industry. Our exploratory study provides some evidence for (1) the boundary spanner roles played by Muslim diasporans within the halal industry across more than dyadic country contexts and (2) for Rahnema's (2006) triple identity theory.

Ressignificando identidades: um estudo antropológico sobre experiências migratórias dos estudantes africanos no Brasil

Partindo do pressuposto de que alteridade é um fenômeno universal e de que todos os grupos constroem categorias para classificar a si e ao outro, no presente artigo faz-se uma reflexão sobre a experiência singular de imigração estudantil no Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva relacional que busca analisar as percepções e as configurações identitárias desses estudantes na sua relação com a população local que os classifica como africanos. Os dados analisados neste trabalho permitem refletir sobre a presença dos universitários africanos no Brasil, em geral, e em Porto Alegre, em particular, a partir de uma tríplice identidade: identidade nacional, identidade continental e identidade racial.

José Bleger: Jew, Marxist and Psychoanalyst

The article analyses the trajectory of Dr. José Bleger (1922-1972), an Argentine psychoanalyst who tried to articulate his triple identity as a Jew, a Marxist, and a psychoanalyst. Bleger played a central role in the constitution of the 'psy movement' and, in more general terms, in the diffusion of a 'psy culture' in Argentina, a country that today is considered as one of the 'world capitals of psychoanalysis'. However, his trajectory showed not only the limits of his projects in the increasingly politically polarized Argentina of the 1960s, as well as their internal contradictions, but also the difficulties of articulating different identities in those agitated times. Through an analysis of Bleger's trajectory this article explores larger issues of Argentine political culture and their relations with the emergence of a psychoanalytic culture.