Triple Band Notch Research Articles

Super compact and ultra-wideband bandpass filter with three band notches using triple-mode stepped impedance resonator and defected ground structure

A super-compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip band-pass filter (BPF) with triple-notched bands and wide stopband is proposed in this paper. The super-compactness of the proposed filter is achieved by integrating the modified SCRLH-TL UWB-BPF and backbone-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). The equivalent LC circuit models of the DGS and the modified SCRLH-TL UWB-BPF with the DGS are analyzed to validate their numerical simulation results. To introduce the triple notched-bands to mitigate the interference the two triple-mode SIRs are designed and loaded on the modified UWB-BPF without increasing the circuit size. The proposed filter was fabricated by using a conventional PCB process with the substrate of FR4. The measured 3-dB passband ranges from 2.8 through 10.2 GHz with the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 114%. The triple-notched bands with attenuation of more than 15 dB are measured at 4.4, 5.3 and 8.2 GHz, respectively. The filter exhibits a high selectivity with steep skirt property and has a wide upper stopband with an out-of-band rejection of −10 dB at 11.8−20 GHz. Its total dimension, including the rectangular substrate with feed lines, occupies only 16mm × 8 mm.

CPW-Fed UWB-MIMO Antenna with Triple-band Notched and High Isolation using Double Y-shaped Decoupling Structure

A ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna using double Y-shaped decoupling structure with high isolation and triple notched-band is presented. The designed antenna composed of two orthogonally placed monopole elements, coplanar ground and double Y-shaped branch. The defected substrate structure is used to achieve miniaturization. By slotting successively C-shaped slot, semi-circular slot and rectangular slot on the radiation patch and the ground, achieved three notched bands at 3.5 GHz WiMAX, 5.25 GHz WLAN, and 7.5 GHz X-band. The proposed antenna can operate in range of 2.56-12 GHz with triple notched bands of 3.31-3.96 GHz, 4.58-5.67 GHz and 6.57-8.16 GHz. Considering all the results, it can be concluded that the antenna presented has a great performance in terms of good radiation, high isolation (>24 dB), a low level ECC (<0.01) and a high DG level (>9.99), which proves the presented antenna has good prospect in UWB-MIMO systems.

Ground plane alteration extremely wideband SPAS pair-based MIMO antenna with improved isolation and band notched characteristics

A novel and effective Slotted Pentagonal Adjacent Structure (SPAS) pair based Ultra Wideband (UWB) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna is presented in this research paper. The proposed antenna with a compact size of 0.25 λ0 × 0.50 λ0 mm2 consists of a two slotted pentagonal patch element along with ground plane alteration (GPA). Four hexagonal metallic rings with opposite split orientation are embedded in the patch elements to achieve three notch bands. This proposed loop-based split ring resonator (SRR) design focuses on miniaturization or compactness while maintaining effective notch performance. According to the experimental results, the suggested UWB MIMO antenna's impedance bandwidth ranges from 4.0 GHz to 40.25 GHz cover with triple notch bands IEEE INSAT extended C-band (6.05 GHz to 7.16 GHz), X-band (8.9 GHz to 10.28 GHz) and K-band (24.65 GHz to 26.95 GHz). High isolation of > 24 dB is achieved by integrating a parasitic strip with ‘O’ shaped SRR slot in between the radiating elements. The fabricated compact antenna has good radiation patterns, high gain, TARC < −10 dB, high efficiency and low envelope correlation coefficient which is suitable for advanced wireless communications.

Triple-Band Notched Ultra-Wideband Microstrip MIMO Antenna with Bluetooth Band.

In this paper, a novel ultra-wideband UWB antenna element with triple-band notches is proposed. The proposed UWB radiator element operates from 2.03 GHz up to 15.04 GHz with triple rejected bands at the WiMAX band (3.28-3.8 GHz), WLAN band (5.05-5.9 GHz), and X-band (7.78-8.51 GHz). In addition, the radiator supports the Bluetooth band (2.4-2.483 GHz). Three different techniques were utilized to obtain the triple-band notches. An alpha-shaped coupled line with a stub-loaded resonator (SLR) band stop filter was inserted along the main feeding line before the radiator to obtain a WiMAX band notch characteristic. Two identical U-shaped slots were etched on the proposed UWB radiator to achieve WLAN band notch characteristics with a very high degree of selectivity. Two identical metallic frames of an octagon-shaped electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG) were placed along the main feeding line to achieve the notch characteristic with X-band satellite communication with high sharpness edges. A novel UWB multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radiator is proposed. The proposed UWB-MIMO radiator was fabricated on FR-4 substrate material and measured. The isolation between every two adjacent ports was below -20 dB over the FCC-UWB spectrum and the Bluetooth band for the four MIMO antennas. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) between the proposed antennas in MIMO does not exceed 0.05. The diversity gains (DG) for all the radiators are greater than 9.98 dB.

Half Hexagonal Shaped UWB antenna with triple band notch using resonating structures for wireless communication

Half Hexagonal Shaped UWB antenna with triple band notch using resonating structures for wireless communication

Triple Band-Notch UWB Antenna Embedded with Slot and EBG Structures

In this paper, a planar, compact pentagonal shaped ultrawideband antenna of microstrip line fed offering triple band-notched characteristics response is proposed and investigated. Triple band-notch response can be achieved by creating two inverted U-shaped slots of different size in pentagonal patch, and also electromagnetic band gap structure of hexagonal shape is created near the feed line of UWB antenna. To implement the proposed antenna, RT/DUROID 5880 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness is used. The designed antenna was successfully simulated, developed, and manufactured. The dimension of the suggested antenna is 36 mm × 33 mm × 1.6 mm and has a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with a magnitude of S 11 &lt; − 10 dB , the maximum pass band gain of 4.6 dB and with the exception of the 4.0–4.4 GHz (C-band satellite communication), 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), and 8.0–8.25 GHz (X-band) frequency bands. The suggested antenna has a good return loss, a virtually omnidirectional radiation pattern, and a constant gain throughout operation.

Development of a Triple Band Notched UWB Antenna

In this paper, a microstrip line-fed rectangular-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna offering triple-band notch characteristics is proposed. The notching was done primarily to provide rejection for Wi-Max (3.3-3.7 GHz), WLAN2 (5.15-5.825 GHz), and ITU (8.025-8.4 GHz) through the combination of slots and a modified electromagnetic band gap (M-EBG). The antenna was simulated using HFSS and CST modelling tools. The antenna was able to notch three frequencies from narrow band communication systems (Wi-Max, WLAN2, and ITU), causing interference within the UWB band. The gain of the system over the operating frequency, the current distributions, and the impedance covered were studied to assess the effectiveness of the antenna. The proposed antenna is simple and compact, with a total antenna size of 19 mm by 24 mm and a wide bandwidth (3.2 to 12.5 GHz). Satisfactory results have been obtained when its performance was analyzed. A stable radiation characteristic is observed with a radiation efficiency of 94% when operating at a UWB resonant frequency of 6.85 GHz with a total gain between -10 dB and 5 dB within the range of the frequency band of 3.2 to 12.3 GHz.

A Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band Notches

This article presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with triple band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna consists of an octagonal patch, fed with a 50 Ω line, which occupies a compact size of 40 mm × 29 mm (0.36λ × 0.26λ, λ is computed using 2.7 GHz frequency) and resonances at a relatively low frequency (2.94 GHz). Specifically, an L-shaped stub, an inverted C-shaped slot, and a pair of U-shaped resonating structures are introduced into the design, which allow antenna to generate three band notches at 3.22-3.83 GHz, 4.49-5.05 GHz and 7.49-8.02 GHz, corresponding to WiMAX band, Indian national satellite (INSAT) band, and X-band satellite frequencies, respectively. In the center of the notched band, the antenna has lower efficiency and gain, essentially indicating that the antenna has good interference rejection performance. To evaluate its performance, the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured, and the relevant functional parameters, such as S-parameters, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiation property, have been studied.

A circular monopole antenna for bandwidth enhancement using cylinder slots with triple band notch characteristics

SummaryThis article introduces a super wideband along with three notch bands circular patch monopole antenna. The design structure is applicable for microwave and high‐speed wireless devices (2.19 to 25 GHz). In order to create a broad band, a ring dimension circular patch is used. To generate three notch bands, six symmetrical tiny cylinder stubs are introduced on the ground. These notch band frequencies can eliminate unwanted interference from various wireless frequencies, which mainly cover three notch bands: 5.5–7.3, 12.05–14.46, and 17.71–19.5 GHz. The steady radiation, super bandwidth, and stable gain properties expand when the ring patch and line feed are combined. It is excellent for many UWB applications because of its compact size (39 × 29 mm 2) and large bandwidth (166.97% fractional bandwidth). This model employs various size reduction and matching approaches to get a better response. The mechanisms of these structures are identified, and overall performance is compared with parametric analysis, tables, and figure.

Retraction Note: Superwideband Monopole Reconfigurable Antenna with Triple Notched Band Characteristics for Numerous Applications in Wireless System

Retraction Note: Superwideband Monopole Reconfigurable Antenna with Triple Notched Band Characteristics for Numerous Applications in Wireless System

3D asymmetric super wide band (SWB) MIMO antenna system with band notch for antenna-in-package (A-I-P) applications

A UWB/SWB asymmetric 3D MIMO antenna with triple-band notch characteristics is proposed for Antenna-in-Package (A-I-P) applications. The proposed UWB/SWB radiators are placed on every side of a 3D cube-shaped polystyrene material. Each side of the cube contains two square UWB/SWB antennas with a hexagonal loop decoupling structure. Further, to reduce the mutual coupling between the radiators, each pair of antennas is placed asymmetrically on alternating sides of the cube block. The size of each pair of antennas is , and the overall size of the antenna is . The most significant properties of the antenna such as , , and radiation pattern are studied, Moreover, MIMO parameters such as ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL are analyzed. Therefore, the proposed asymmetric 3D antenna is suitable for off-device applications.

A Highly Miniaturized Ultra-Wideband Antenna with a Triple-Band Notch for Wearable Applications

In this paper, a compact UWB antenna with a triple-band notch for wearable applications is designed and simulated for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications with the operating frequency from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. The antenna can be used for UWB applications, while at the same time, is able to reject the narrowbands namely, WiMAX (3.2GHz to 3.6GHz), C-band (3.7GHz to 4.2GHz) and WLAN (5.15 GHz to 5.35GHz). Two slots are introduced on the radiating patch of the antenna to notch the three narrowbands, instead of three slots to notch each narrowband. The antenna is designed on a semi-flexible Rogers Duroid RO3003TM substrate. The final outcomes indicate that the antenna can operate over the UWB frequency from 3.09 GHz to 11.09GHz. The antenna is able to notch the WiMAX and C-bands with a frequency range from 3.16GHz to 4.20 GHz and the WLAN band with a frequency range from 5.14 GHz to 5.34GHz. The performance of the antenna in bending condition is also examined with the antenna bent over a varying diameter of vacuum cylinder starting from 50mm, 80mm and 100mm. It is shown from the reflection coefficient of each diameter that the performance of the antenna is not affected by bending and thus, is particularly useful to be worn on body for wearable applications, other than its compact size of 19mm×14mm. The SAR results obtained shows that the antenna obeys the guidelines for 1mW of input power.

Tri-Strip Monopole Antenna for LTE, WLAN and WiMAX Communication Applications

In this research, we present a Tri-strip monopole antenna for LTE, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and WIMAX (Wireless interoperability for microwave access) Applications. This is due to the fact that wireless applications is not needed to connect all operating frequencies simultaneously, Which will effect improving functionalities without increasing size of antenna. A miniaturized triple wideband coplanar waveguide-fed patch antenna with the defected ground structure isused for LTE, WLAN and WIMAX applications. The proposed antenna with overall size of 40 mm×40 mm×1mm and the design simulation are carried on a Rogers RT/ duroid 5880 substrate using HFSS v.13.0 simulation software. The proposed antenna shows the gain of 9dB at notch band frequency therefore it is good for its working conditions. Moreover, the proposed antenna is fabricated with a new metamaterial approach by placing the unit cell we have observed the triple band notch characteristics and depth in resonant frequency. There is enhancement in gain and radiation patterns, return loss is analyzed and parametric analysis is presented for optimization of antenna. The average gain that is observed through the band is 3.5dB and the average radiation efficiency that is observed for the model is 94%.

Design of a triple band notched polarization independent compact FSS at UWB frequency range

The design of a compact triple band notched Frequency Selective surface (FSS) at Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) frequency range is presented. To make the proposed FSS polarization insensitive, on the upper part of the substrate a single metallic square loop (SL) and four identical rotational symmetric square split ring resonators (SSRR1) are placed, whereas at the bottom part another four identical rotational symmetric SSRR loops (SSRR2) are printed. Here each SSRR is rotated in 90°clockwise direction over a single layered FR4 substrate. Triple band notches are obtained at WiMAX and Satellite communication downlink C-band (3.3-4.2 GHz), WLAN (5.1-5.9 GHz) and Satellite communication X-band (7.2-8.4 GHz) for both TE and TM polarizations. Angular stability is achieved until 70° and attenuation of more than 25 dB is observed at resonance. The passband is obtained at 4.37 and 6.22 GHz. The proposed structure separates the closely spaced frequency bands by a ratio of 1.44 and 1.39 at the stop band and 1.42 at the pass band. The dimensions of the proposed FSS unit cell are 0.13λ0 × 0.13λ0 × 0.020 λ0, where λ0 represents the free space wavelength at the lowest resonance frequency. Good agreement between modeled and measured results is obtained.

A novel square fractal dual port MIMO antenna with tri band rejection capabilities

A novel two port edge chamfered square fractal MIMO antenna incorporating triple band rejection characteristics is designed and investigated in this article. Defected ground structure and metamaterial is incorporated at the ground plane of the antenna to create triple band notch behavior. To minimize the mutual coupling a meta material structure is utilized in the ground. Further to create MIMO structure and to enhance the performance metrics of the antenna two identical antennas are kept side by side. The proposed antenna exhibits an impedance band width from 2.35 to 9.04 GHz and it holds a size of mm 65 mm × 35 mm × and 1.6 mm. Which is compact in size. To validate the results, the prototype structure is fabricated and tested. The measured results are presented along with simulated results.

A slotted UWB-MIMO antenna with quadruple band-notch characteristics using mushroom EBG structure

Quadruple notch band dual-port ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antenna is reported in this article. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed from a single port UWB antenna, which consists of an arrow-head shaped radiator loaded with two open-ended inverted L-shaped slots (Slot #1 and Slot #2) and one U-shaped slot (Slot #3) followed by a pair of mushroom type EBG structures. The inverted L-and U-shaped slots are liable for generating triple notch band behavior at 3.3 GHz, 4.03 GHz, and 5.4 GHz, respectively. Besides this, the antenna produces an extra notch band function at 6.0 GHz using a pair of mushroom type EBG structures. In addition to this, the antenna covers wideband ranging from 3.0 to 10.7 GHz which suitably meets the requirement of ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The design is modeled over FR4 Epoxy material and having an overall size of 43 × 34.9 × 1.6 mm3. However, a rectangular decoupling strip is introduced below the substrate layer for reducing mutual coupling between them. Therefore the suggested antenna is having efficient notch controlling capabilities and its performance characteristics are evaluated and analyzed in terms of rejecting frequencies, Current concentrations, ECC, Diversity Gain, and radiation patterns.

Loaded UWB Monopole Antenna for Quad Band-Notched Characteristics

The paper presents a loaded planar monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna exhibiting quad-band notched characteristics. Triple U-shaped slots over the metallic radiating conductor and a meander line electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure are loaded near the feed line in the proposed design. These three U-shaped slots are responsible for generating triple band notches at 2.80 GHz (2.53–3.15 GHz, Aviation Service Band), 3.37 GHz (3.23–3.68 GHz, WiMAX band), 4.08 GHz (3.92–4.30 GHz, C-band Satellite Downlink), whereas the EBG unit cell placed near the feedline is responsible for creating additional notched band at 5.95 GHz (5.49–6.19 GHz, C-band satellite uplink), respectively. The antenna has very compact size of 0.71λ0 × 0.8λ0 × 0.03λ0 and is modeled on FR4 substrate using ANSYS HFSS tool. The antenna without any extra arrangement covers an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.9 to 10.5 GHz which suitably meets the requirement of UWB applications. However, the proposed antenna integrated with U-shaped slots and EBG-unit cell, filters out four different notched frequencies within working bands without disturbing the performance of the monopole antenna. Moreover, the designed antenna is compact in size with improved performance and having efficient notch controlling capacities. Also, the measured performance of the fabricated prototype is in very good agreement with the simulated counterparts.

Triple Band Notch Microstrip Patch Antenna with Fractal Defected Ground Structure

ABSTRACT Microstrip patch antenna compatible in size with fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) has been designed and fabricated to enable successful implementation in modern communication systems. This attempt is dedicated to the wireless application of emergency management. In this paper, the presented structures are based on the coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed patch radiating element in conjunction with fractal geometry as a tuning stub. CPW feed is utilized to obtain the ultra-wideband (UWB) capacity of the presented antenna. Fractal structure as patch stub is employed to decrease the size of the antenna. The employed structure is tuned with the proficient Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique for required frequency of emergency management. In light of investigating the band notching properties, slot of meander curve geometry and FDGSs is critically analyzed and discussed. Experimental tests on the manufactured prototype are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the antenna.

Efficient design approach of triple notched UWB filter

In this article, a triple notched bands (TNB) utra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is designed based on accurate analytical approach. This study has led to a simple structure composed of an uniform transmission line (UTL) loaded by four stepped-impedance open stubs (SIOS). The proposed design approach allows to accurately define two transmission zeros (TZ) at the cut-off frequencies of the UWB spectrum (3.1 and 10.6 GHz) and three narrow notched bands at 5.18 GHz, 5.86 GHz and 7.92 GHz. The notched band bandwidths could also be controlled as well as the out of band rejection. The simulated and measured results of the designed filter are in good agreement. Interesting performances are obtained satisfying the UWB applications requirements, i.e. insertion loss<1.5 dB, return loss better than 15 dB, high cancellation of the unwanted in-band interferences.

Design and Analysis of Multi Band Notched MIMO Antenna for Portable UWB Applications

A MIMO antenna having circular patch with CPW feeding is proposed in this paper. Design, Simulation, Fabrication and testing of MIMO antenna with different band notching characteristics are proposed in this paper. The designed antennas are suitable for portable UWB applications. UWB is the most promising technology which provides high data rate with in short range. In 2002 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has approved a frequency band of 3.1–10.6 GHz for unlicensed applications. Within the band of UWB some of the wireless Communication bands with different frequencies are also operating. So to avoid interference, band dispensation characteristics are proposed. In this paper single dual, triple and quad band notch MIMO antennas are designed, simulated and tested and their results are reported. Elimination of interference with existing wireless bands like WiMAX, WLAN, X—Band Satellite Communication System and ITU is the prime focus of the paper. Concentric rings with rectangular split bricks are placed on the patch to eliminate the interference with the existing bands. Different antennas are designed and simulated using CST microwave studio software and the antenna parameters like Return losses (S11), Gain, VSWR, Radiation patterns and Correlation Coefficient are measured. Quad band notch antenna is fabricated using RT/Duroid 5880 substrate material with height 1.57 mm. To get better Isolation the antennas are placed vertically and a stub is placed in between the antennas. The quad band antenna able to notch WiMAX, WLAN, X—band and ITU band and port Isolation (S12) is very good and envelope correlation is below 0.001 in UWB frequency spectrum.