Triple-band Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Design of Electrically Small Intraocular Antenna for Retinal Prosthesis System and Its Validation.

This paper presents an ultra-miniaturized circular-shaped triple band microstrip antenna as an intraocular unit applicable for retinal prosthesis. The reported antenna is developed by modifying a conventional circular-shaped patch with a pair of open-ended circular annular rings and a semicircular ring-loaded rectangular stub. Additionally, a shorting pin is used at the periphery of the patch to achieve the frequency bands of interest. Further, to make the structure electrically small and accommodate highly dense electrodes, the circular ground plane is modified by making symmetrical slots over the four quadrants and edges. Specific absorption rate distribution for 1g and 10g of different tissue layers over three operating frequencies has been studied by placing electromagnetic sources at different locations. With these arrangements, the proposed strip antenna offers multiband operation within the frequency band of 1.25 GHz (1.13-1.46 GHz), 2.45 GHz (2.24-2.66 GHz), and 3.32 GHz (3.09-3.50 GHz). Besides, circularly polarized radiation has also been achieved at 1.25 GHz with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 10 MHz. Finally, the proposed antenna structure is fabricated, and its measured performance metrics are in close aggreement with the simulated parameters. The proposed antenna's performance inside a customized canonical eye model (DMCM) and anthropomorphic Zubal head model is studied and compared with the prior studies.

Miniaturized, Low-Profile, Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna and its Four-Antenna Module for Smartphone Applications

Miniaturized, Low-Profile, Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna and its Four-Antenna Module for Smartphone Applications

Soft Computing Approach to Design a Triple-Band Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna

The design process of antenna structures that meet up-to-date requirements takes a long time and brings a high computational load. In this paper, an approach based on Soft Computing (SC) techniques was used to shorten the design time and to achieve an antenna structure that yields performance characteristics as close as possible to the desired values. In order to obtain a microstrip patch antenna with the targeted characteristics and the best accuracy in a faster way, a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based regression model was employed. A triple-band microstrip antenna with desired resonance frequencies and gain values was designed by using the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model by introducing multiple slots and arc-truncation to the patch antenna. Simulation results of the High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) and measurements of implementation of the designed antenna are given. Performance characteristics of the obtained antenna are also compared with those given in the literature, which have triple-band properties. In addition, the antenna was redesigned using the optimization tool in HFSS for comparison. The accuracy of the results and required time for design were compared for both the SVR model approach and the HFSS optimization tool.

Performance Evaluation of Triple band Microstrip Antenna using Hybrid SRRs on Fractal Ground Plane

A single-band monopole antenna, transformed into a triple-band antenna for S-band and C-band applications is reported in this paper. This transformation is done with the help of two different hybrid SRR unit cells, which are embedded on the truncated ground plane of the antenna. These hybrid SRR unit cells are created by combining square split ring and circular split ring into two different configurations. Simulated results are in coherence with the measured results and analysis is provided to evaluate the efficacy of the design. This analysis can be used to estimate the usefulness of metamaterial unit cells in generating multiple frequency bands. The operating frequency bands measured are 2.72-2.83GHz, 3.54-4.35 GHz, and 4.72-5 GHz respectively. These bands are being used in the mid-band frequency range of 5G communication in many countries. The developed antenna is miniaturized to the size of 0.19λ0 ×0.25λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.72 GHz). Two objectives i.e., miniaturization and multi-banding are fulfilled in a single design. The introduction of different hybrid SRR unit cells at defective ground plane causes multi-banding and resonance of a unit cell at a lower frequency leads to an increase in the effective electrical length of the antenna without increasing its physical size. The metamaterial characteristic of the unit cells is also verified in the article.

A Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna with a Monopole Impedance Converter for WLAN and 5G Applications

In this study, a triple-band microstrip antenna with compact size and simple structure is proposed for WLAN and 5G applications. The radiating element consists of a circular patch, a Y-shaped patch, and a monopole impedance converter. In order to obtain the desired operating bands, the monopole impedance converter is inserted between the circular patch and Y-shaped patch. The proposed antenna can work in the frequency range of 2.38∼2.53 GHz, 3.29∼4.11 GHz, and 4.72∼5.01 GHz, with the corresponding peak gains of 4.09 dBi (2.4 GHz), 2.95 dBi (3.5 GHz), and 4.01 dBi (4.9 GHz), respectively. The measures’ results are in approximate agreement with the simulated values, which shows that the proposed compact antenna can offer omnidirectional radiation, appropriate gains, and sufficient bandwidths.

A Concurrent Triple-band RF Energy Harvesting Circuit for IoT Sensor Networks

In this paper, a concurrent triple-band RF energy harvesting circuit is proposed. The proposed circuit incorporates a triple-band microstrip antenna combining a low-loss diplexer and three compact RF rectifiers. The proposed circuit operates concurrently at three popular frequency bands: GSM-900, GSM-1800, and 2.45 GHz. To improve output voltage and efficiency, three rectifiers are connected in a stacked topology. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the circuit operates well in concurrent bands. Moreover, the proposed circuit exhibits a low-complexity structure and compactness in size. These advantages make the circuit a strong potential candidate for running low-power devices in IoT sensor networks.

Design and Analysis of Triple-Band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Loaded with Notches and Slots for Wireless Applications

In this paper, a rectangular triple-band microstrip antenna has been designed for Bluetooth application by successively loading notches and slots of different dimension in radiating patch. The conventional microstrip antenna suffers with narrow impedance bandwidth. The current work affords an alternate option to enhance the bandwidth of antenna that resonates in triple-band operation. Initially, the antenna is resonating in single-band but after loading slots, the bandwidth of microstrip antenna has been obtained 1.97% (lower band), 10.35% (middle band) and 33.16% (upper band) resonating in triple-band with three resonant frequency at 1.422 GHz (lower resonant frequency), 1.791 GHz (middle resonant frequency) and 2.467 GHz (higher resonant frequency). The suggested antenna has upper frequency band in the range of 2.045–2.858 GHz resonating at 2.467 GHz frequency and it is appropriate for Bluetooth applications (2.40–2.48 GHz) and both lower band useful for other wireless (L-band) applications. The return loss of upper band is − 34.52 dB at 2.467 GHz. The suggested microstrip antenna is directly fed by 50 ohm microstrip line feed. The suggested antenna has been designed, simulated and analyzed by IE3D simulation software.

A Triple band Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Radar Applications

Here in this paper a triple band microstrip antenna is proposed. The designed antenna is of compact structure with dimensions 96mm x 27mm x 1.6mm including ground plane which is fabricated using Fr-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.6.This antenna has three resonant frequencies which are working at 6.6GHz with bandwidth of 1.1 GHz second band working at 8.3 GHz with bandwidth of 200MHz. and third operating frequency is 9.4GHz with bandwidth of 750MHz. All the band obtained here are providing large bandwidth which have wide range of applications. The other antenna parameters like return loss, directivity, gain, VSWR and current distribution are mentioned in this paper. The main purpose of this antenna was to provide a single antenna for multiple applications and with improved bandwidth for transferring large amount of data. The designed antenna is suitable for industrial applications also as because of its compact structure and its wide range of applications like radar, communication satellites, radiolocation, navigation air traffic control etc.

Design of Compact F-Shaped Slot Triple-Band Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

This communication presents a small, low-profile planar triple-band microstrip antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications. The goal of this communication is to combine WLAN and WiMAX communication standards simultaneously into a single device by designing a single antenna that can excite triple-band operation. The designed antenna has a compact size of $19 \times 25\;\text{mm}^{2}$ ( $0.152 \lambda_{0}\;\times 0.2 \lambda_{0}$ ). The proposed antenna consists of F-shaped slot radiators and a defected ground plane. Since only two F-shaped slots are etched on either sides of the radiator for triple-band operation, the radiator is very compact in size and simple in structure. The antenna shows three distinct bands I from 2.0 to 2.76, II from 3.04 to 4.0, and III from 5.2 to 6.0 GHz, which covers entire WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5) bands. To validate the proposed design, an experimental prototype has been fabricated and tested. Thus, the simulation results along with the measurements show that the antenna can simultaneously operate over WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz) frequency bands.

Frequency Agile Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Application

 Abstract—A frequency agile triple band microstrip antenna using defected ground structure for WLAN/WiMAX application is presented, in which frequency agility is electronically achieved by changing the bias voltage of varactor diode. A defected ground structure rectangular patch with dual inverted L-shaped fed with a cross shaped strip line is used to achieve multiple bands. Simulated results are validated by the experimental results and show a good agreement between simulated and experimental results. The proposed antenna has small size and operates 2-2.15 GHz, 2.75-3.5204 and 5.4-5.9 GHz. The lower and upper band remains almost constant while resonance frequency of the middle band is changing with the bias voltage of varactor diode and frequency agility of 768.4 MHz is achieved. Thus the proposed antenna is suitable to be used for WLAN and WiMAX applications.