Triple-band Applications Research Articles

Miniaturization of Printed Rectangular Monopole Antenna by Using Slots for Triple Band Applications

Miniaturization of Printed Rectangular Monopole Antenna by Using Slots for Triple Band Applications

Conformal Printed Log Periodic Microstrip Antenna Array for Triple Band Applications

In this paper, a conformal Printed Log periodic microstrip antenna (LPMA) is proposed for sub-6 GHz (triple band) applications. This antenna consists of twelve rectangular patch elements along with microstrip feed line and those are fabricated on a polyimide substrate with dielectric constant value of 3.3. The adaptability of the antenna is shown by bending the LPMA horizontally and vertically across the angle of 300, 450 and 600. The execution of the antenna is analysed in terms of its return loss, Gain, H-E plane patterns and efficiency. The designed antenna is capable of operating with the resonant frequencies 2.4 GHz, 4 GHz and 5.9 GHz with the gain of 8.2, 8.9&7.5 dBi respectively, providing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2. Using CST software the designed antenna designed, simulated and the estimated results are in great concurrence with the simulation results.

A Compact MIMO Antenna with Improved Isolation for ISM, Sub-6 GHz, and WLAN Application.

This paper presents a compact two-element MIMO antenna with improved isolation for triple-band applications. The antenna consists of two radiating elements with the shared ground plane and a novel decoupling structure. Each antenna element has three stubs with different lengths, which work as quarter-wavelength monopoles to give a triple-band operation. The decoupling system is made by etching various slots in an inverted H-shape stub attached to two quarter-circles at its lower ends. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna operates (|S11| < −10 dB) at the key frequency bands of 2.4 GHz (2.29–2.47 GHz), 3.5 GHz (3.34–3.73 GHz), and 5.5 GHz (4.57–6.75 GHz) with a stable gain and radiation patterns. Moreover, the MIMO antenna shows good isolation characteristics. The isolation is more than 20 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient is <0.003, and diversity gain is 9.98 dB, within the frequency band of interest. Furthermore, the MIMO antenna has a compact size of 48 mm × 31 mm × 1.6 mm. These features of the proposed antenna make it a suitable candidate for I.S.M., 5G sub-6 GHz, and WLAN applications.

Investigating the S-parameter (|S&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;|) of CPW-fed antenna using four different dielectric substrate materials for RF multiband applications

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;This article aims to examine the |S&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;| parameter of a multiband Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna. The proposed square-shaped antenna-1 (Ant.1) and antenna-2 (Ant. 2) are primarily composed of three ground terminal stubs: Terminal-1 (T1), Terminal-2 (T2), and Terminal-3 (T3), all of which have an inverted L-shaped radiating patch. The proposed antennas' resonance frequencies (&lt;italic&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/italic&gt;) can be adjusted by the electrical dimension and length of the stub resonators, the dielectric constant (ε&lt;italic&gt;&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/italic&gt;) of substrate materials, and their appropriate thicknesses. It will have an impact on their return loss (|S&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;|), Impedance Bandwidth (IBW), radiation pattern, and antenna performance in terms of frequency characteristics, as demonstrated in this article. The proposed structure based on Flame-Retardant fiber glass epoxy (FR4) substrate covered a wideband frequency range from 1.5 to 3.2 GHz, (IBW = 1.7 GHz) and from 3.4 to 3.65 GHz (IBW = 0.25 GHz). The total IBW is 1.95 GHz, at S&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ −10 dB with three resonance frequencies of values &lt;italic&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;r1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/italic&gt; = 1.75, &lt;italic&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;r2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/italic&gt; = 2.65, and &lt;italic&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;r3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/italic&gt; = 3.50 GHz) for triple-band applications. The results are compared with the research work reported earlier. The proposed Ant.1 ensured, dual and triple band applications whereas the proposed Ant. 2 ensured dual, triple and quad bands applications with reasonable antennas' sizes similar to the earlier reported works. Furthermore, the impacts of various substrate materials as well as different lengths of multi-stub resonators on the operating bands and resonance frequency are thoroughly explored and analyzed for these antennas.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

A novel ACS fed antenna with comb shaped radiating strip for triple band applications

A novel compact triple band ACS fed antenna is designed by using a comb shaped radiating strip which operates at different frequencies. Using a radiating strip with comb shaped structure having six teeth, attached along with a trunk shaped portion and a simple rectangular ground lying on the same plane, 26 mm × 15 mm × 1.6 mm sized antenna has been designed on FR-4 substrate with loss tangent 0.02 and relative permittivity 4.4 and simulated using ANSYS HFSS version 16. The antenna covers the three frequencies 1.8 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz with return loss −20.8396 dB, −27.5453 dB and −16.6921 dB respectively and corresponding gain 0.8, 1.8 and 3.03. The VSWR values obtained for the three frequencies are 1.1997, 1.2503 and 1.3429 respectively. The simulated results of the antenna parameters provided by the antenna when it is operated at the three frequencies are analyzed and it shows that the multiband antenna can be successfully utilized for the wireless applications especially WLAN and WiMAX. A comparative study of the performance of the antenna with that of the other existing antennas with comb shaped radiating strip is also done.

Design and Simulation of Triple Band Circular Patch Microstrip Antenna Based on Shape of Ring and Rectangular Slots

In this work, new structures of circular microstrip antenna based on slots are designed and simulated to operate with triple band applications. These slots are annular ring and rectangular shapes in different sizes. The annular ring slot is etched inside the circular patch while the other two rectangular slots are etched on the circular patch edge. The suggested antennas are simulated using version 13 of Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The various parameters such as input impedance, reflection coefficient, gain, radiation patterns and surface currents were investigated. The present results observed that the optimum antenna designed is resonating at three frequencies 2.695, 5.799 and 8.323 GHz. Also, the bandwidths of simulated reflection coefficients at -10 dB are 106, 204 and 371 MHz which are identical with the S-, C- and X-bands frequencies, respectively. Therefore, the optimum antenna designed can be used in the space saving applications in addition to its important role in variety applications at these three frequency bands.

Compact ACS-fed monopole antenna with CRR defect for triple band application

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed monopole antenna for the triple-band operation is discussed. The introduction of the defected structure along with asymmetric coplanar strip feeding is an effective way of reducing the antenna size. The rectangular complimentary ring resonator is in the ground plane and another inverted T shaped slot at the radiating strip etched for achieving triple-band operation and interference suppression. The proposed antenna is 25 × 12 mm2 and has been fabricated and tested. The measured results reveal that the proposed antenna has impedance bandwidths of 340 MHz (2.36–2.70 MHz), 390 MHz (3.35–3.74 GHz) and 1110 MHz (5.01–6.12 GHz), which is required for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications.

A Compact Self-Triplexing Antenna Using HMSIW Cavity

In this letter, a novel design of compact self-triplexing antenna using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity for triple-band applications is presented. In the proposed antenna, an inverted V-shaped slot is inserted on the top surface of a rectangular HMSIW cavity and three individual microstrip feedlines are used to excite three separate modes at three different wireless local area network (WLAN) bands around 4.95, 5.3, and 5.9 GHz. Due to use of HMSIW cavity, the size of antenna has become compact. The measured isolation of the antenna in between any two ports is better than 20.5 dB in such a compact structure. The measured gains at three frequencies 4.95, 5.3, and 5.9 GHz are 4.5, 4.9, and 6.1 dBi, respectively. The efficiency of antenna is better than 84% in all the bands. The separation between co-to-cross-polarization levels is more than 19 dB, and front-to-back ratio (FTBR) is better than 14 dB at each band. Moreover, any band of antenna can be tuned independently by keeping other bands almost intact.

Split ring resonator loaded horizontally inverse double L-shaped metamaterial for C-, X- and Ku-Band Microwave applications

Abstract The principle purpose of this study was to produce a horizontally inverse double L-shaped metamaterial that was applicable for triple-band applications and that exhibited negative permittivity and permeability in the resonance frequencies. The horizontally inverse double L-shaped structure had a square split ring resonator on the outer side that was etched on a Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate material. The size of the unit cell was 10 × 10 mm2. The CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic simulator was utilized for the design and analysis of the proposed metamaterial. Analyses and comparisons were performed with different configurations, such as the use of different substrates, varying the width of the splits, and the use of different array arrangements. All the arrangements confirmed that triple-band operation frequency lay in the C-, X-, and Ku-bands. The double negative and negative refractive index regions as seen in the unit cell results and the array results harmonized between 6–7.632 GHz, 7.932–8.388 GHz, 9.204–9.804 GHz, 10.284–13.356 GHz, 13.716–16.632 GHz, 16.872–17.136 GHz, 17.52–17.652 GHz and 10.692–12.828 GHz, 13.02–13.5 GHz, 14.928–18 GHz, respectively. The scattering parameters dimensions of the introduced horizontally inverse double L-structured metamaterial is favorable for different applications associated with C-, X-, and Ku-bands such as long-distance, military, and satellite communications.

Microwave Jerusalem cross absorber by metamaterial split ring resonator load to obtain polarization independence with triple band application

Microwave Jerusalem cross (JC) absorbers are interesting for different researches such as medical imaging. The split ring resonators (SRRs) are suggested as the conventional metamaterial elements which are noticed in this paper. Loads are used for JC absorber for achieving dual and triple band characteristic at X-band and Ku-band application. We show that the JC absorber has a single resonance and the final model has triple resonance 8.6, 10.2, 11.95 GHz with absorption more than 84%. The results show that how the parasitic element can provide new capacitance and inductance to make new resonance and the current distribution revealed the new capacitance in the structures. The symmetrical arrangement of the absorber made polarization independence and also by loads. We have tried to save this quality and current distribution revealed that how the elements affected the current dispense on the metal particle and gaps. The prototype absorber is fabricated on FR-4 and simulation results are compared and confirmed with experimental.

ACS-Fed Wideband Mirrored Z- and L-Shaped Triple Band Uniplanar Antenna for WLAN Applications

A mirrored Z- and L-shaped printed uniplanar antenna has been proposed and developed in this paper for triple band applications. The developed geometry realizes simple radiating branches with 50 Ω Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) feedline and rectangular ground plane. It occupies a very compact area of 16×24 mm including the ground plane, the size of which is only 0.18×0.34λ, at the frequency of 2.3 GHz in free space. The simulated results obtained in the environment of CST Microwave Studio package have been compared with the measured results of antenna using the PNA N5222A Vector Network Analyzer, and a good agreement of results has been achieved. For −10 dB reflection coefficient the bandwidth is about 230 MHz in the band of 2.27–2.5 GHz, 200 MHz in the band of 3.65–3.85, and 1700 MHz in the band 5.2–6.9 GHz. The proposed uniplanar antenna is not only compact in size, but also has wide bandwidths that cover the Long Term Evolution (LTE), Wireless Broadband (WiBro), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Industrial Scientific and Medical radio band (ISM) applications.

Aztec shape metamaterial-based bandpass filter for C, X and Ku-band applications

The paper presents the structure of an Aztec shape metamaterial unit cell that is suitable for a triple band of microwave frequencies. A comparative analysis has been made on the performance of the unit cell with several array structures. A low profile dielectric substrate FR-4 is used on which the design is made. The proposed structure operates at 6.3, 8.9, 11.91, and 16.42 GHz respectively. The double negative characteristics can also be found at X and Ku-band separately. Having a compact design, double-negative characteristics and the proposed metamaterial has potential to be used for triple band applications, especially for C, X and Ku-band.

Design and analysis of a new double C-shaped miniaturized metamaterial for multiband applications

In this paper, a new double C-shaped compact structure of metamaterial was designed; fabricated and measured that can operate in a multi-band microwave frequency span. The proposed metamaterial structure offers miniaturization factor compared to traditional metamaterial unit cells and obeys better effective medium ratio. Commercially available computer simulation technology electromagnetic simulator is adopted to investigate the design of the metamaterial. The metamaterial displays multi-band response in conjunction with left handed property over the certain frequency band in the microwave regime. In addition, few parametric studies were done with the metamaterial and the effective medium parameters were analyzed. The dimensions and scattering parameters of the proposed double C-shaped compact metamaterial are suitable for triple-band applications.

Compact microstrip fractal Koch slot antenna with ELC coupling load for triple band application

In this paper a novel triple band compact microstrip slot antenna is designed, utilizing fractal Koch shape based on metamaterial electric-LC element coupling load. The antenna is fed by CPW line, and it has triple band resonances operating at frequencies of about 1.5, 3.5 and 5.4GHz for GPS, WiMAX and WLAN applications. The bandwidth of antenna at aforementioned frequencies is about 1.9%, 14% and 5% with the gains of −4.5, 3.75 and 5.3dBi respectively. Also it has property of circular polarization for WiMAX application at 3.5GHz. Furthermore metamaterial ELC element based on the metasurface theory, and making variation of the current distribution for circular polarization, made a compact small antenna at 1.5GHz, where the antenna size is reduced to λ/5×λ/5 through coupling on ELC element. The total size of the fractal antenna is assumed 40×40mm, and is designed and fabricated on FR-4. The simulation results are extracted by HFSS commercial software, and compared with experimental results.

Four‐element array of complementary split‐ring resonator loaded printed directive dipoles for triple band applications

A four-element array of printed directive dipoles loaded with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) is proposed for triple-band applications. The triple-band response in the array is attributed to the reference dipole mode, one CSRR-induced lower-frequency resonance and one higher order resonance obtained due to the interaction of the feed-network comprising of broad-side coupled coplanar striplines. A simplified equivalent circuit model is further developed to provide insight to the operating principle of the proposed triple band array. Stable fan-beam radiation pattern and high realised gain is observed at all the working bands. The results of measurement on a fabricated prototype validate the proposed design methodology.

E-shaped planar inverted-F antenna with low-absorption for triple-band operation in cellular phones

A new planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), the E-shaped PIFA, has been studied for operation in the GSM 900MHz, 1.8GHz and 1.9GHz bands. The triple-band antenna is realized by etching two narrow linear slots in the patch and using two shorting strips to improve matching. A very low frequency ratio of 1.04 is obtained. The return loss curves and radiation patterns have been measured, and the finite-difference time-domain method is used to evaluate the specific absorption rate. For validation, some measured results are compared with the simulated results, and there is good agreement. The results show that the antenna has excellent performance for triple-band application in cellular phones, featuring good impedance characteristics, a gain of above 0dBi, approximately omnidirectional radiation, and low energy absorption in users at each frequency band.